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Forty years ago an increase in 'juvenile delinquency' led to a large prison-building programme for young offenders. Today, the emphasis is on community sentencing and a reduction in prison places. The secondment of nurses into youth offending teams makes it possible to offer primary health services to a group of mainly male, vulnerable people.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The preservation of human health in polar and circumpolar regions depends mainly on the strategy for future development of these regions. The consequences of human intervention into northern ecology are irreversible, as in the case of greenhouse effect, industrial and atomic pollutions of polar nature, tundra devastation, destruction of northern flora and fauna, etc. The ongoing creation of large-scale industrial population centers in the North due to newcomers is to be stopped. Polar regions are to be used for biospheric reservation and tourist sanitary zones, to preserve specific flora and fauna, to provide the rhythms and customs necessary to survive in extreme climatic and geophysical conditions of high latitudes. The programme for securing man's survival in circumpolar regions should comprise several stages of practical measures to provide necessary resources and to combine international efforts. The preservation of human health should be based on the understanding of the relationship between the health status and biospheric processes and the assessment of the role of human intervention into polar ecology. A programme facilitating the preservation of human health and survival in the North and in the Antarctic should be launched.
The extreme fear, prejudice, and stigmatization associated with human immunodeficiency virus disease make the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic a unique phenomenon of the modern era. A fundamental understanding of the phychosocial issues surrounding the disease is essential, if nurses are to design interventions that promote optimal health among those infected and those at risk for infection.
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This article summarises a systematic review of the literature on promoting mental health in high-risk groups. The review suggests that there are a variety of effective interventions for preventing mental health problems in high-risk groups. This has implications for the scope of practice of nurses and others working in a range of services, including midwifery, health visiting, school health, mental health, terminal care, district nursing and primary health care.
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This study assessed school district superintendents' perceptions of schoolsite health promotion in Missouri using a telephone survey method. Superintendents of 150 school districts were surveyed using The Worksite Health Promotion for Faculty and Staff section of the Eight-Component Assessment. Staff identification of blood pressure, healthful cafeteria menus, and smoke-free school policies were perceived as the most frequently offered health-promoting activities. Quality of programs as perceived by district superintendents ranged from "average" to "exemplary." For school districts not offering programs, healthful cafeteria menus, staff identification of blood pressure, and stress management were perceived by superintendents as highly necessary. The number of programs offered in each area differed significantly by demographic characteristics: accreditation classification, assessed valuation, size, and residence. Supportive attitudes by superintendents are critical to attain schoolsite health promotion programs for faculty and staff as part of a comprehensive school health program in Missouri.
All students at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (n = 508) were surveyed on their self-reported smoking and drinking habits, attitudes to disease prevention and health promotion in general, attitudes towards the teaching of disease prevention and health promotion, and their perception of what was taught at the beginning of the 1993-1994 academic year (response rate 75.2%). The teaching staff (n = 271) were also surveyed on their attitudes towards the teaching of disease prevention and health promotion, and their perception of what was taught (response rate 74.2%). Seventeen per cent of the students reported they were current smokers and 81% drank alcohol. Four factors were extracted from the responses to the items on disease prevention and health promotion in general and these represented the importance of health, a patient-centred approach, patient responsibility and a doctor-centred approach. Clinical students and those who were older were more likely to have a 'patient-centred' approach to disease prevention and health promotion. Sixty per cent of clinical and 44% of pre-clinical teachers aimed to teach about disease prevention and health promotion. The topics reported by students as most likely to have been taught in detail are smoking and health, alcohol and health, immunization, and breast and cervical screening. However, all these topics were reported as having been taught in detail by less than 50% of the students. The majority of students and teachers believe that teaching about disease prevention and health promotion should be integrated into all years of the curriculum and all clinical firms. Teachers were significantly less likely than students to believe that students should learn more about disease prevention and health promotion, and that learning about prevention is as important as learning about diagnosis and treatment. We believe that, in order to build on the positive features highlighted in this study, agreed aims and objectives should be developed and teaching about disease prevention and health promotion should be integrated both horizontally and vertically throughout the curriculum.
In recent years, there have been numerous papers discussing the importance of improving the link between health promotion researchers and practitioners. Several reviews have been undertaken to determine the extent to which health promotion research is disseminated to, and utilized by, practitioners in the development and implementation of health promotion programs. These studies have generally been limited to reviews of literature rather than directly gathering data from practitioners. This paper reports on a survey of Australian health promotion practitioners undertaken to investigate the extent to which they are aware of, understand and utilize the major health promotion theories and models derived from research in the areas of psychology and communication. We found that none of the theories or models included in this study-the 'standard' theories and models taught in health promotion courses, and included in the leading textbooks-were used by more than 50% of practitioners in their work. The only models being used by more than one-third of the practitioners were PRECEDE-PROCEED and the Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model. The paper concludes with possible explanations for the low level of utilization of theories and models, and suggestions for increasing their usage based on information sources accessed by these practitioners.
Building program participation is vital for all health promotion programs. There are a large variety of strategies that have been used to enhance recruitment and retention in worksite health promotion programs. Many of these strategies are examined and their significance in the design and operation of health promotion programs in worksite settings is reviewed.