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PubMed2002

[Electrogastrography and manometry of the stomach in patients with disturbances of basic electrical rhythm].

Electrogastrography (EGG) is the only non-invasive method for investigating the myoelectric activity of the stomach. The aim was to show the relations occurring between the electromyographic and manometric recordings during the normal and abnormal EGG rhythm. A simultaneous EGG recording and manometry were performed in 20 healthy people, in 26 patients with bradygastria (group I) and 21 with tachygastria (group II). In the control group, over 90% of the EGG recording time was in the range of normogastria. After a meal, there were observed a more than twofold increase in the EGG amplitude, an improvement in the recording stability with decrease in the dysarrhythmia percent, an increase in dominant frequency (DF) and a lowering in dominant frequency instability coefficient (DFIC). In groups I and II there was shown a considerable difference in the DF range, an increase in DFIC and the number of dysarrhythmia cases, the lack of correct increase in the amplitude and lowering in the average frequency of phasic contractions and motor indices (MI). Additionally in this group there was a fall in the amplitude of contractions without MMC, and this corroborates with weak contractile activity. There was a positive correlation between the EGG amplitude changes and amplitude of phasic contractions and MI and power ratios (PR) only in the phases I and II MMC. It suggests a relationship between the EGG amplitude and changes in the stomach position and its contraction activity. The lack of correlation between the average EGG frequencies of phasic contractions and the DF and DFIC values does not allowed to observe correlation between the frequency of the phasic contractions and EGG dominant frequency.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Myoelectric function, metabolism, intestinal circulation and vagal activity after chemical sympathectomy].

Adrenergic innervation plays an important role in the control of electric activity and circulatory parameters of the gut. Importance of adrenergic system as a modulator of motor, neural and metabolic activity of the intestine is studied extensively but still not well understood. We use 6-OHDA a neurotoxin and a blocking agent of adrenergic fibers, to evaluate their exact role in the control of vital parameters of the intestine and vagal nerves. 50 Wistar rats were used. Animals were fasted 24 h prior to experiment with free access to water allowed. Acute experiments were performed on 30 rats, divided in the three groups. Four experimental groups were established. I--sham operated. II and III--pretreated with 6-ODHA (25 mg//kg/24 h s.c.) 3 days before experiment. IV group were used for chronic procedure. Thiopental anesthesia (Vetbutal Biovet) was applied. Animals were artificially ventilated with positive pressure rodent ventilator (Ugo Basile), and heated with continuous temperature control by rectal thermistor (FST). Left carotid artery was cannulated and connected with electro manometer--arterial pressure (AP) was expressed in mm Hg. Right jugular vein was cannulated for continuous saline administration 0.2 ml/h. Mesenteric blood flow (MBF) was recorded with use of ultrasonic probe (Transonic systems T206). Microcirculatory blood Flow (LDBF) was estimated by laser Doppler flowmetry (Periflux 2001 Master). Arterio-venous difference (AVO2) was estimated from whole blood (AVOXimeter 1000 E). Oxygen uptake was calculated from MBF and AVO2 and expressed in ml/min/100 g tissue. Chronic experiments were performed on conscious animals with electrodes implanted to the serosal surface of the intestinal wall. Measurements of intestinal myoelectric parameters were performed one, two and three weeks after 6-OHDA administration. Vagal activity was recorded in left vagus nerve in the neck with suction electrodes (one month after 6-OHDA). 6-OHDA pretreatment evoked increase of dominant slow wave frequency by 0.1 Hz from 0.62 +/- 0.10 to 0.74 (+/- 0.03) Hz in the first week after treatment (p < 0.05). Slow wave frequency was no markedly influenced in acute experiments. In the chronic experiments after initial increase gradual decrease of slow wave frequency was observed reaching control values of 0.62 +/- 0.17 Hz after 28 days. After 6-OHDA administration in chronic experiments no substantial changes in slow waves amplitude was observed. Frequency and amplitude of spikes activity in vagus nerve after sympatectomy increased from 7.96 +/- 1.3 to 10.3 +/- 2/min and 0.18 +/- 0.09 to 1.13 +/- 0.8/mV. Chemical denervation evoked increase of MBF and LDBF by 18 +/- 3.6% and 22 +/- 6.4% respectively. Intestinal oxygen uptake (VO2) was increased by 10.2 +/- 1.2% in comparison to control. Heart rate and arterial pressure was decreased by 18 +/- 4% and 12 +/- 2.4% respectively in comparison to control. Adrenergic system plays profound role in the modulation of both myoelectric and motor activity of the intestine in the rat. Continuous activity of adrenergic neurons affects vascular conductance, capillary density and oxygen diffusion parameters.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Gastric myoelectric activity in patients with closed head brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major public health problem. Most of the acute disturbances of autonomic nervous system activity seen in clinical practice resulting from head injury are due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which precipitates a complex set of changes causing lack of food tolerance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of TBI on gastric myoelectric activity in coma patients. MATERIAL/METHODS: 24 patients (23 male, 1 female; mean age 43.6 +/- 7 yr.) hospitalized for TBI in the Department of Neurotraumatology were included in the study. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded using the Synectics system (Sweden) on the 1st and 2nd day after injury. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. RESULTS: In the control group, electrogastrography (EGG) showed the percentage of time with bradygastria, normogastria and tachygastria to be 9.7 +/- 6.4, 88.3 +/- 7.6 and 2.0 +/- 3.5 respectively. The amplitude of the signal was 181 +/- 11.5 [micro V2]. In TBI patients, the percentage of time with bradygastria and tachygastria increased to 46.5 +/- 21.8 (p=0.03) and 5.5 +/- 11.8 (p=0.001) respectively, while the duration of normogastria decreased to 47.2 +/- 20.4 (p=0.001). Highly significant changes were observed in signal amplitude, which increased to 766 +/- 550 [micro V2] (p=0.0007). There was positive correlation between GCS and normogastria (r=0.66, p<0.001) and negative correlation between GCS and bradygastria (r=-0.77, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with brain trauma and coma, the functional brain-gut link is altered, causing gastric dysrrhythmias and intolerance to feeding. Prokinetics during enteral feeding are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of casein on the temporo-spatial organization++ of the contractile activity of the small intestine in the dog].

Some observations in man and experimental animals have demonstrated that casein decreases intestinal transit speed. However, its effects on intestinal motility have not been studied previously in a systematic fashion. The aim of this work was to study the temporospatial distribution of small bowel motility before and after the administration of calcium caseinate. Studies were performed in fasting dogs using 6 catheters perfused with a pneumo-hydraulic system. After the administration of 300 ml of a 10% solution of calcium caseinate, a global decrease in motor activity was observed, specially of grouped propulsive contractions, they were reduced in 64.9 to 19.5%. On the contrary, a significative increase, in 1.4 to 22%, of individual wave, non propulsive motor activity was observed. These quantitative changes in contractions, specially in their organization and temporo-spatial distribution, may be responsible for the decrease in intestinal transit after the administration of casein.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Prokinetic drugs].

Prokinetic drugs--preparations that stimulate gastro-intestinal motility--constitute a relatively new concept in medical therapy, chiefly represented by the products cisapride and metoclopramide. This review consists in an account of the physiological regulation of motility in the upper gastro-intestinal tract where prokinetic drugs are considered to exert their most significant effect, and the therapeutic effects demonstrable in treatment with these drugs.

Cisapride↗
PubMed2003

[Modified methods of percutaneous electrogastroenterography].

In 62 normal males and females gastrointestinal (GI) electrical activity was evaluated before and after standard breakfast with the method of epicutaneous electrogastroenterography (EGEG) with the use of AgCl electrodes and original hard- and software "Gastroenterograph" developed by the authors. Spectral analysis (SA) of GI electrical potentials enabled quantification of the electrical activity of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the whole of the small intestine. The stomach and the small intestine were main contributors to the total GI electrical activity during fasting. Changes in the functional activity of the digestive system after the meal were characterized by increases in selected SA parameters (length of the spectral curve and area underneath), dissociation between their values and redistribution of ratios in different GI segments.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric myoelectric activity disturbance in patients with traumatic lesions of the brain stem].

The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of cranio-cerebral trauma on gastric myoelectric activity. Twenty four patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurotraumatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University were compared with a control group of 16 healthy volunteers matched for gender and age. Their gastric myoelectric activity was measured using standard cutaneous electrodes with Synectics, a Swedish system of data storage and analysis. Results of the study were analyzed at the Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University. In the electrogastrography (EGG) recording of the control group the proportions of time with bradygastria (0.5-2 cpm), normogastria (2-4 cpm) and tachygastria (4-10 cpm) were 11.6 +/- 8%, 86.2 +/- 9% and 2.16 +/- 1.5% respectively. The signal amplitude was 181 +/- 11.5 microV2. In patients with a severe head injury followed by intracranial hypertension III degree and cerebral coma (the Glasgow Coma Scale score 4-7 points), the proportion of bradygastria in the total recording time amounted to 46.5 +/- 8%. In these patients also the signal amplitude was found to increase up to 766 microV2 (p = 0.0007). Our results indicate that in patients comatose due to a posttraumatic brainstem injury, the function of the brain-gut link is altered. There is a severe disorder of the upper gut motility, associated with gastric dysrhythmia--bradygastria resulting from an increased cholinergic output. This leads to intestinal feeding intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Myoelectrical activity of the stomach in children with gastroesophageal reflux].

Aim of the study was analysis of the gastric myoelectrical activity changes recorded by cutaneous electrogastrography in children with gastroesophageal reflux. We analyzed cutaneous electrogastrograms (EGG) of 103 children also underwent 24-hours intraesophageal pH probe. We divided children into 2 groups basing on pH fraction time below 4 (FT): Reflux group (FT > 4%) and control group (FT < 4%). The Reflux group was formed of 54 children (27 girls and 27 boys) aged 3-17 years (mean 10.9), the control group consisted of 49 children (24 girls and 25 boys) aged 3-18 years (mean 11.4). Then we divided the Reflux group into two subgroups: "N"--with nocturnal episodes of gastroesophageal reflux--29 children (14 boys and 15 girls), "D"--with no reflux episodes during the nightime--25 children (12 girls and 13 boys). We analyzed the following pre- and postprandial EGG parameters: percentage of bradygastria, normogastria and tachygastria, total percentage of dysryhthmias, dominant frequency (PDF), dominant power (PDP), post/preprandial power ratio (PR), dominant frequency instability coefficient (DFIC). In the Reflux N group PDP was 10.24 mV2 preprandially and 17.34 mV2 after meal; in the control group PDP was 49.83 and 104.34 mV2 respectively (the differences between groups were statistically significant in both fasting and fed states: p < 0.02). In the Reflux D group comparing to the controls we found less percentage of postprandial bradygastria (p < 0.05). The other EGG parameters were no statistically different. EGG analysis suggests a different pathomechanism of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in the patients with nocturnal reflux episodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Estimation of the hydrodynamical characteristics of the end-to-loop gastroenteroanastomosis].

The article presents the results of a study of the hydrodynamical characteristics of the end-to-loop gastroenteroanastomosis by the method of multichannel intraluminal manometry. The study was carried out on 7 outbreed dogs. The function of anastomosis was studied at the constant speed of liquid passage as well as at modeling short-term rises of pressure similar to those created by stomach and gut peristalsis. The results of the study testify that the end-to-loop anastomosis is a dosed obstacle to the antegrade passage comparable with those in the normal state and has expressed antireflux properties.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of intracranial hypertension on gastric myoelectrical activity evaluated by using clinical and radiological symptoms].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute and chronic increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) cause a dramatic autonomic dysfunction. The aim of the study is to evaluate effects of acute and chronic ICP on gastric myoelectrical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 80 patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurotraumatology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The control group included 16 healthy volunteers matched with gender and age. Gastric myoelectrical activity was captured with cutaneous electrodes and Synectics (Sweden) system of storing and analyzing the data. RESULTS: Results of the study were analyzed in the Department of Pathophysiology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. Most significant changes on gastric myoelectrical activity were observed in patients after a severe head injury with acute intracranial hypertension (Glasgow Coma Scale: 4-7 points). The percentage of bradygastria timing increased up to 50%. In this group of patients the increase in amplitude of the signal was observed. Significant dysrhythmias up to 40% occurred in patients with chronic increase of intracranial pressure caused by brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Most significant changes on gastric myoelectrical activity were observed in patients after a severe head injury with acute intracranial hypertension (Glasgow Coma Scale: 4-7 points). The percentage of bradygastria timing increased up to 50%. Gastric dysmotility was caused by stimulation of both arms of the autonomic nervous system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Electrogastrography in children with functional abdominal pain and gastritis].

UNLABELLED: Electrogastrography (EGG) is non-invasive method for diagnosis of gastric electrical activity. THE AIM OF STUDY: We analysed gastric activity in children with chronic abdominal pain and functional disorders of alimentary tract or gastritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Skin EGG with 30-minutes recordings in preprandial period and after standard meal were done in 155 children, mean age 11,6 +/- 3,6 years. We analyzed data in groups: 1-functional abdominal pain (FAP), 2-gastritis, Helicobacter pylori negative, 3-gastritis, Helicobacter pylori positive, 4-controls. RESULTS: EGG was in normal range in 32% of patients with FAP and in 27% of patients with gastritis. Abnormalities in gastric rhythm were noticed in highest percent in gr. 2 in fasting state. Normogastry was dominant in postprandial period in all groups. Statistical differences of some parameters of EGG (dominant frequency, dominant power) were found among study groups. We found higher percent of bradygastry in fasting state compared with postprandial period. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that different abnormalities in gastric myoelectrical activity could exist in chronic abdominal pain; dominant preprandial rhythm is mainly affected. We couldn't find typical changes in electrogastrogram for differentiate FAP and gastritis.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1992

Diabetic gastroparesis due to postprandial antral hypomotility in childhood.

Nausea, vomiting, chronic abdominal pain, and constipation developed in three children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus beginning 1 to 7 years after the onset of diabetes. All three had considerable difficulty in achieving satisfactory glycemic control. All had delayed gastric emptying of solids and postprandial antral hypomotility. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal symptoms even in the young diabetic patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Cerebral hemorrhagic stroke and gastric myoelectric activity. Case report].

We showed case of subarachnoid hemorrhage with massive intracerebral hematoma of the left hemisphere and associating gastric myoelectrical disturbances. The cerebral angiography did not show vascular malformation. The electrogastrogram (EGG) at 2 days after the onset of neurological symptoms revealed tachygastria up to 66.7% of the recording time.

Electromyography↗
PubMed2005

[Influence of scald and lipopolysaccharide on gastrointestinal motility].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction as a result of scald and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in guinea pigs. METHODS: Thirty guinea pigs were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into 3 groups:i. e. control (n = 10, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline), scald (n = 10, with 30% TBSA deep partial thickness burn) and LPS (n = 10, with intraperitoneal injection of LPS) groups. Thirty minutes after treatment, all animals were gavaged with carbolic ink. The propelled distance of the ink within the gastrointestinal tract was measured. The intestinal tissue was harvested and homogenized, and the contents of CGRP, Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, Mg2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme were determined, and the delta phim of haustra coli smooth muscular cell mitochondria was assessed. RESULTS: The propelled distance of the ink in the gastrointestinal tract in scald (53 +/- 9 cm) and LPS (91 +/- 10 cm) groups was obviously shorter than that in control group (142 +/- 11 cm, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the distance in scald group was shorter than that in LPS group (P < 0.01). The CGRP content in scald and LPS groups [52.0 +/- 39.0 microg/L and 20.0 +/- 23.0 microg/L] was obviously higher than that in control group (0.8 +/-2.0 microg/L, P <0.05 or 0.01), especially in scald group ( P < 0.05). The Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, Mg2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme and the delta phim in scald and LPS groups were remarkably lower than those in control group (P <0.005), but there was no difference between scald and LPS groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The gastrointestinal motility of guinea pigs could obviously be inhibited by scald and LPS, especially by scald. LPS might be the key factor to produce change in the membrane potential of mitochondria of intestinal smooth muscle after severe scald.

Animals↗