SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Neoplasm Grading”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

[AIDS-related neoplasms: a clinico-radiological study].

Although high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and an unusually aggressive form of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remain the most common malignancies seen in AIDS patients, other tumors such as cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease and others, have been increasingly observed, probably because these patients now live longer. We report the imaging findings of 80 AIDS patients with pathologically confirmed neoplasms from a series of 340 AIDS patients examined 1986-1994. Twenty-four of 80 patients had NHL, 4 Hodgkin's disease, 31 KS, 4 cervical cancer, 2 leukemia, 2 testicular, 1 larynx, 2 lung, 2 breast, 1 esophagus, 1 stomach, 1 liver, 2 kidney and 3 adrenal carcinomas. Twenty of 24 NHLs exhibited extranodal involvement--to the liver (13/24), brain (9/24), lung (7/24) and gastrointestinal tract (6/24). Visceral KS involved the gastrointestinal tract (6/32), lung (4/32) and liver (2/32). The most accredited pathogenetic theories concerning the role of HIV infection in oncogenesis advocate the effect of multiple growth factors produced by HIV-infected lymphocytes (KS) or the disregulation of B-cells caused by T-cell destruction (NHL). The atypical morphostructural features of AIDS-related tumors are discussed--e.g., atypical presentation, occurrence in younger individuals, aggressive clinical course and poor response to conventional therapy--together with the differential diagnostic problems, especially vs. opportunistic infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2000

[Primary effusion lymphoma associated with type-8 human herpes virus infection].

Primary Effusion Lymphoma is an unusual entity and it has been described as a subset associated with human herpes virus 8 infection in homosexual males with AIDS. Its inclusion as a new entity in the Revised European-American Lymphoma Classification has been recommended. The case in which it is presented is a 47-year-old man, diagnosed with AIDS two years ago, who came with Kaposi's sarcoma. Nowadays, he has a right pleural effusion and a thoracentesis has been carried out. We obtain 10 ml of haemorrhagic fluid which is processed by standard methods. The morphologic study reveals a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade. The immunophenotypic study shows a lymphoid neoplasm of indeterminate lineage and high proliferation index. It confirms the HHV-8 in the neoplastic cells by PCR. The diagnosis is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade compatible with Primary Effusion Lymphoma.

Herpesviridae Infections↗

PubMed2005

Combined high-grade basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma of the skin ("malignant basomelanocytic tumor"): report of two cases and review of the literature.

We describe two cases of a malignant cutaneous neoplasm with combined phenotypical features of high-grade basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Some tumor cells showed a keratinocytic phenotype (cytokeratins, p63) and others a melanocytic phenotype (HMB-45, MART-1, Melan-A, S100-protein). We favor the hypothesis of a tumor with bidirectional keratinocytic and melanocytic differentiation, an exceptionally rare event.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Relationship of expression of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 with ovarian carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 are numbers of epidermal growth factor family. It has been confirmed that C-erbB2 was related to ovarian carcinoma, but the relationship of C-erbB3 and C-erbB4 with ovarian carcinoma is unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of expression of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 with ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: Streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the expression of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 in 49 cases of ovarian malignant neoplasms, 21 cases of ovarian benign neoplasms, and 19 cases of normal ovarian tissues (control), then the relationship of expression of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, C-erbB4 and clinicopathologic parameters in ovarian neoplasm was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The positive expression rates of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 in ovarian malignant neoplasms were 75.51%, 69.39%, and 65.31%, respectively, and they were higher than that in ovarian benign neoplasms (19.05%, 23.81%, and 23.81%, respectively) and control (21.05%, 15.79%, and 21.05%, respectively)(P< 0.05). (2) There was not significant difference between the expression of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 in ovarian malignant neoplasms and its pathologic type and grade (P >0.05). (3) The positive expression rates of C-erbB2, C-erbB3, and C-erbB4 in the patients with late stage or large amount of ascetic volume ( >500 ml) were 90.0% and 91.3%, respectively, and those also were higher than that in early stage or ascetic volume< 500 ml (P< 0.05). (4) The cumulative survival time of the patients with positive expression of C-erbB2 or C-erbB4 was longer than that without expression (P< 0.01). The analysis of Cox model showed that expressions of C-erbB2 and C-erbB4 in ovarian malignant were also independent prognosis factors for ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: The C-erbB family would play an importation role in ovarian malignant neoplasms, and also was related to poor prognosis in ovarian cancer.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Morphometric analysis of the ultrastructure of tumor cells with a varying protein synthesis specificity].

The author has studied morphometrically the cell ultrastructure of fibroblastic and smooth muscle human tumors. There were found some differences in the quantitative features of the energetic (mitochondria) and protein-synthesizing (ergastoplasm and polyribosomes) cellular apparatus of these neoplasms. The specific criteria of the malignancy grade were identified for both groups of tumors.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗

PubMed2001

Prognostic aspects on endometrial hyperplasia and neoplasia.

There are various forms of endometrial hyperplasia which, in terms of prognosis and therapy, can be subdivided into those having cytological atypia and those lacking this feature. The former may progress into invasive endometrial malignancy through a transitional non-invasive stage. This is a continuous process and, as a result, the distinction between an atypical hyperplasia and an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma (IEA) or an adenocarcinoma with stromal invasion is not histologically reproducible. The concept of endometrioid neoplasia, which includes the entire spectrum of the aforementioned proliferating endometrial lesions, was introduced. Adenocarcinomas arising from an atypical hyperplasia are invariably of the endometrioid cell type, whereas those developing from an atrophic endometrium may be either of the endometrioid or of the non-endometrioid cell type. Endometrioid adenocarcinomas arising through the hyperplasia-neoplasia sequence are oestrogen induced and tend to be well differentiated and less invasive of the myometrium, lack lymphatic and metastatic involvement and have an excellent prognosis. Oestrogen-induced adenocarcinomas are also endometrioid, arising from an atrophic or a rather weakly proliferating endometrium, but these neoplasms are frequently of higher histological grade and have a somewhat less favourable prognosis. Finally, endometrial carcinomas of the non-endometrioid cell type, mainly serous papillary and clear cell carcinomas, are non-oestrogen induced, non-hyperplasia associated and show adverse aggressive histological features and an extremely poor prognosis. The antigenic characteristics and the molecular events associated with the development of these forms of endometrial malignancy are distinct and allow the description of, at least, two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1995

Human immunodeficiency virus--associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as an auricular perichondritis.

AIDS-related NHL is an aggressive neoplasm, usually of high or intermediate grade, frequently extranodal at initial treatment, and often the first manifestation of AIDS. Although complete remissions have been reported, they occur in only a minority of patients. We describe a patient with NHL of the external ear that masqueraded as an auricular perichondritis. This is the first case reported in which AIDS-related NHL first appeared in the ear, and this should alert physicians who treat patient with AIDS to be aware of the protean manifestations of this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of brain tumours.

Establishing the diagnosis of a brain tumour is not always a straightforward process. Many non-neoplastic neurological diseases can mimic brain neoplasms on neuroimaging or on histological examination, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, pyogenic abscess, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, cysticercosis, fungal infections, syphilis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, radiation necrosis, venous thrombosis, and others. Conversely, several types of brain neoplasms, such as glioblastomas, low-grade gliomas, CNS lymphomas, and brain metastases, can present in the absence of typical tumefactive lesions, posing significant diagnostic challenges. In this Review, we discuss the process of accurately establishing the diagnosis of brain tumours, focusing on pitfalls commonly encountered in clinical practice. We also discuss the rational use and limitations of new diagnostic techniques, such as diffusion-weighted MRI, perfusion-weighted MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-photon emission tomography, and positron emission tomography, as well as new tools for histological examination, such as immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics analysis.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1980

[Geography of the incidence of stomach cancer in relation to hardness of drinking water and water supply].

The incidence of gastric carcinoma was analysed in Zabrze in the years 1965-1975 taking into account the sex, age, place of birth (autochthonous and immigrated populations) and place of residence in different city districts in relation to drinking water hardness. A correlation was revealed between low incidence of the neoplasm and drinking water of high hardness grade (over 25 degrees u) with a relatively high content of mineral components.

Drinking↗

PubMed1987

Renal epithelial hyperplastic and neoplastic proliferation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

The early v late occurrence of tubular epithelial hyperplasia and the frequency and malignant potential of renal neoplasms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are controversial. The kidneys from 87 patients with documented or presumed ADPKD, removed at autopsy (n = 49) or prior to transplantation (n = 38), were thoroughly sectioned and examined. Hyperplastic polyps were found in 90.8% of the patients, even in the absence of renal insufficiency or marked renal enlargement. However, their number was significantly higher in the patients with advanced stages of the disease, and especially in those with a history of dialysis. Hyperplastic polyps were not detected in eight cases, seven of which had no evidence of epithelial hyperplasia, despite thorough examination of multiple sections. A total of 42 neoplasms were observed in 24.1% of the patients. One patient had bilateral low-grade clear cell adenocarcinoma. Another patient had a transitional cell neoplasm. The remaining 39 neoplasms were microscopic adenomas. Neoplasms tended to occur more often in men and older patients. None of these neoplasms had been clinically diagnosed, and no metastasis had occurred. Nonneoplastic mass lesions were observed in two patients: one had malacoplakia and the other had xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2004

Prognostic indexes in breast cancer: comparison of the Nottingham and Adelaide indexes.

The search for single independent prognostic factors in breast cancer has often produced conflicting results. Therefore, prognostic indexes have been compiled by combining several parameters. In this study we compare the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), which is based on traditional prognostic factors (diameter of the neoplasm, lymph node status and histological grade) with the Adelaide Prognostic Index (API), which is based on the tumour diameter and two biological parameters: oestrogen receptors and cell kinetics. We considered 82 cases of breast cancer observed over the period 1987-1990 with a minimum follow-up of 60 months. The NPI gives a better definition of the prognostic profile for each patient. Our results indicate three prognostic groups (good, moderate, unfavourable), which differ with respect to disease-free survival (DFS; P=0.0024) and overall survival (OS; P=0.0033). In contrast, the API scores showed no significant correlation with OS or DFS. The use of prognostic indexes, especially when compiled using traditional parameters, is a useful aid to the clinician, since they can provide a reliable indication of how individual tumours will evolve.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Outcome of duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas for intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.

BACKGROUND: The standard surgical procedure for intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of the pancreatic head is pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. A less extensive resection may be justified because most intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms are benign or of low-grade malignancy. AIMS AND METHODS: The outcome of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection with preservation of the main bile duct was evaluated retrospectively in 13 patients with a branch-type intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm in the head of the pancreas and with a median (range) follow-up of 60.0 (0.3-99.5) months. RESULTS: Post-operative complications included anastomotic leakage (n=3), bile duct perforation (n=1), intra-abdominal bleeding (n=3), delayed gastric emptying (n=2) and death (n=2). All the resection margins were clear of tumour on histological examination. Ten of 11 patients maintained over 90% of their pre-operative body weight. Glucose tolerance improved in 4 of 11 evaluable patients, was unchanged in 6 and worsened in 1 patient. Biliary scintigraphy showed that bile flow was delayed compared with that before surgery (8.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 19.6 +/- 4.6 min; p = 0.03). Neither recurrence nor metastasis was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection for branch duct-type intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm were satisfactory and provided a good quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed2000

Growth patterns of superficially elevated neoplasia in the large intestine.

BACKGROUND: The growth pattern and malignant potential of superficially elevated neoplastic lesions remain controversial. A flat adenoma is classified as a superficially elevated neoplasm that characteristically demonstrates high-grade dysplasia despite its small size. In contrast, a nodule-aggregating (NA) tumor, which consists of multiple small aggregated nodules, can also be classified as superficially elevated neoplasia. METHODS: In this prospective study, 2720 consecutive patients undergoing total colonoscopy were examined for superficially for elevated lesions. Clinicopathologic characteristics, Ki-ras mutational status, and overexpression of p53 protein were compared in 25 NA tumors and 55 flat adenomas without a central depression (flat tumor). RESULTS: All flat tumors had a tubular pattern, whereas 21 of 25 NA tumors showed a villotubular or tubulovillous pattern. Ki-ras mutation was observed in 44% of NA tumors but in none of the flat tumors. Overexpression of p53 protein was found in 12% of NA tumors and 7% of flat tumors. CONCLUSIONS: NA tumors and flat tumors have different clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics, although both types of tumor are classified as superficially elevated lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1985

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast: high grade variant.

The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a very rare neoplasm of the breast which histologically resembles mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the salivary glands. It is characterized by sheets of epidermoid cells with area of definite squamous differentiation as well as glandular and cystic spaces lined by atypical mucin-secreting columnar cells. The ultrastructural findings reflect the squamous and adenomatous differentiation seen on light microscopy. The degree of histological differentiation and the infrequency of nodal metastasis suggest an indolent behaviour. This is supported by the absence of recurrence or death due to the disease in 7 of the 8 cases reported to date. Only 1 patient has had extensive axillary nodal metastasis from a mucoepidermoid carcinoma which showed large areas of poorly differentiated cells. The present case is another example of such a high grade variant in which death occurred from pulmonary and vertebral metastases within 6 mth of mastectomy. An aggressive behaviour should be predicted by the presence of a large undifferentiated component in the tumour, necrosis and prominence of mitoses.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy in rectal cancer: stage of the disease and therapeutic approach.

Rectal cancer requires treatments tailored according to the stage of the disease at diagnosis. In stage I lesions exclusive surgery is the elective treatment. Radiotherapy is used in those cases where the site of the lesion would sacrifice sphincter function. When the features of neoplasm are favourable (size < 5 cm, grading 1-2, histological type adenocarcinoma) local excision and postoperative radiotherapy enable to achieve results comparable to those of radical surgery. In operable lesions (T3-T4 (vagina) N0-2, M0) at high risk for local recurrence, high dose preoperative radiotherapy in some randomized studies has shown a significant improvement in local control and survival with a low toxicity, especially in patients undergoing radical surgery. Concomitant chemotherapy in postoperative radiotherapy has significantly improved local control and survival as compared to radiotherapy alone. Continuous infusion appears to reduce the toxicity, which is otherwise high. Randomized studies of preoperative radiochemotherapy vs radiation alone or vs postoperative radiochemotherapy are in progress in various Centers. Intensification with radiotherapy alone (IORT, fractionation) is also under study. In lesions unresectable for cure (T4, N0-3, M0) radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery did not show significant results. Intensification with concomitant chemotherapy and/or with IORT has enabled over 70% local control and 50% 5-year survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas in children.

Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas is an uncommon low-grade malignant tumor found predominantly in young females. In this paper, the authors report the tumor's clinical characteristics and the results of surgery in six children. Six cases of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas pathologically verified at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1985 and 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Four were girls and two were boys, and their mean age at surgery was 11.2 years (range 8-13 years). All patients presented with an abdominal mass and tumor ranging in size from 6.5 x 6.0 cm to 10.5 x 8.0 cm. Five were located in the head and one in the tail of the pancreas; exploration showed that no case involved local invasion or metastasis. All patients underwent complete resection, which involved five pancreaticoduodenectomies and one distal pancreatectomy. No patient died during surgery, and after a mean follow-up period of 5.5 years (range 1.5-12.5 years) all were alive with no recurrences. We believe that the malignancy of this tumor is low grade and that the prognosis is good. For a neoplasm arising anywhere in the pancreas, complete resection is the treatment of choice. Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas of children shows less female preponderance in children than in adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Primary Lung Small B-Cell Lymphoma versus Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Evaluation of Diagnostic Criteria in 26 Cases.

Primary lung non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare neoplasm mostly represented by low-grade B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Their diagnostic criteria are now well defined on surgical specimens, but pathologists may experience difficulties in distinguishing them on exiguous biopsies from benign lymphoid hyperplasia and other lymphomas. Therefore, we examined a series of 26 lung lymphoid lesions to further define the pathologic features of either lymphoma or lymphoid hyperplasia on small specimens. We observed 16 primary lung non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a large predominance of low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphomas (87.5%, n = 14). There were no autoimmune disorders, but three patients had a concomitant infectious disease (hepatitis C virus and Helicobacter pylori gastritis). One patient presented with a synchronous pulmonary adenocarcinoma. As well as the classical mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue cellular infiltrate, immunohistochemical characterization of the 14 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphomas revealed the CD20+/CD43+ centrocyte-like cell phenotype in 10 cases (71.5%). Although the lymphoepithelial lesions observed in all lymphomatous cases have been reported in lung lymphoid hyperplasia, the determination of B-cell CD20+/CD43+ phenotype of the intraepithelial lymphocytes highly increased the specificity of lymphoepithelial lesions. A monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement was present in 71.4% of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma specimens. Investigation of H. pylori by polymerase chain reaction detection was negative, even for the two cases associated with H. pylori gastritis.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: spectrum of radiologic findings.

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine neoplasms that range from low-grade typical carcinoids to more aggressive atypical carcinoids and therefore demonstrate a wide spectrum of clinical behaviors and histologic features. Typical and atypical bronchial carcinoids have similar imaging features. Because most bronchial carcinoids are located in central airways, radiologic findings are usually related to bronchial obstruction. Central bronchial carcinoids manifest as an endobronchial nodule or hilar or perihilar mass with a close anatomic relationship to the bronchus. The mass is usually a well-defined, round or ovoid lesion and may be slightly lobulated at radiography and computed tomography (CT). Associated atelectasis, air trapping, obstructing pneumonitis, and mucoid impaction may also be seen. Peripheral bronchial carcinoids appear as solitary nodules. Calcification is common and is easily visualized at CT. Bronchial carcinoids demonstrate high signal intensity on T2-weighted and short-inversion-time inversion recovery magnetic resonance images. Prognosis of bronchial carcinoids is highly dependent on histologic findings: Atypical carcinoids have certain features that suggest a more aggressive nature. Typical bronchial carcinoids generally have an excellent prognosis, whereas atypical bronchial carcinoids have a worse prognosis. Therefore, understanding the histologic, clinical, and radiologic features of bronchial carcinoids facilitates accurate diagnosis and helps optimize surgical planning.

Adult↗