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[Effect of physical exercise training on the arterial pressure in normotensive subjects].

To determine the effect of exercise training on blood pressure at rest and during maximal exercise 15 adolescent and 15 adult normotensive cyclists were studied after a period of detraining and of physical activity. In the lying position resting blood pressure did not change with training, while a slight but significant decrease in blood pressure (p less than 0.05) was observed on standing up. At the same absolute work rate, after training exertional blood pressure was lower than before training, but at peak exercise the same blood pressure levels were achieved before and after training. These results indicate that, contrary to what has been reported in the sedentary subject, resuming exercise training after a period of detraining brings about in the normotensive athlete only minor changes in blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of moderate physical exercise on serum lipoproteins. A controlled clinical trial with special reference to serum high-density lipoproteins.

A controlled trial is reported on the effects of mild-to-moderate physical activity on serum lipoproteins. After two baseline examinations 100 asymptomatic middle-aged men were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The exercise group participated in a 4-month exercise program that consisted of 3-4 weekly sessions. The control group was advised to maintain their previous exercise habits. The success of the program was corroborated by the increase in VO2 in the training group, but not in the control group. Serum triglycerides decreased from 1.54 +/- 0.10 to 1.27 +/- 0.08 mmol/1 (p less than 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased from 1.27 +/- 0.04 to 1.41 +/- 0.04 mmol/1 (p less than 0.01) in the exercise group during the trial. No change was seen in the control group. As the concentration of apolipoprotein AI stayed constant in both groups, the ratio HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein AI increased only in the exercise group. The level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein AII decreased in both groups during the trial. The alterations in serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol in the exercise group were not dependent on weight reduction; similar changes were also seen in subjects with constant body weight during the intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Unbalanced haemostatic changes following strenuous physical exercise. A study in young sedentary males.

During acute exercise both coagulant and fibrinolytic potential increase. Since strenuous exertion is associated with an enhanced risk for cardiac events, especially in untrained individuals, it is important to determine whether the initial haemostatic balance is maintained during exercise. Twenty-nine sedentary males (20-30 years) were subjected to a standardized cycle ergometer test. Blood samples were obtained at two exercise levels, 70% VO2max (submaximal), 100% VO2max (maximal) and during 25 min recovery. Both during submaximal and maximal performance, tissue type plasminogen activator antigen, urokinase plasminogen activator antigen and tissue type plasminogen activator activity were increased. A concomitant enhancement of clotting activity of factors VII, VIII, IX, XII and fibrinogen resulted in a shortening of clotting times. Following correction for changes in plasma volume, the results for factor VII:c were reversed, and factor XII:c and fibrinogen no longer demonstrated exercise-related changes. Increases in coagulant (activated partial thromboplastin time) and fibrinolytic (tissue type plasminogen activator activity) potential proceeded in parallel during exercise. However, during recovery while there was a sustained increase in coagulant potential, fibrinolytic potential demonstrated a sharp fall. We conclude that during physical activity, while parallel changes in coagulant and fibrinolytic activity occur, this haemostatic balance is not maintained during recovery. This phenomenon could constitute an enhanced risk for coronary artery thrombosis which may contribute to exercise-related cardiovascular events.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1996

Perceived exertion during physical exercise among individuals high and low in fitness.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high ( > 56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness ( < 46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 (max)). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 (max) values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 (max) values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cardiovascular response to dynamic physical exercise in adolescents with casual raised values of arterial blood pressure].

The blood pressure response to dynamic exercise was studied in 90 adolescents (45 males and 45 females) mean age 15 years (range 13-16 years) with casual systolic and/or diastolic hypertension (H) and in 50 matched for age adolescents (26 males and 24 females) with casual blood pressure about the fiftieth percentile for age and sex (N). During the third blood pressure control they underwent a maximal bicycle exercise test in sitting position (10 W/min). During exercise and recovery ECG was recorded every 30 s and blood pressure, with a mercury sphygmomanometer, every 3 min. Adolescents with casual hypertension at rest showed, in comparison to normotensives, an increase in blood pressure (H: 176.1 +/- 18.8 mmHg; N: 167.4 +/- 14.2 mmHg, p less than 0.01 at peak of exercise) and in rate-pressure product (H: 326.8 +/- 40.9 X 10(-2); N: 308.7 +/- 29.4 X 10(-2); p less than 0.01 at peak of exercise) during exercise and recovery. Heart rate was greater at rest in hypertensive adolescents, but there was no difference between the 2 groups during exercise. Exercise tolerance was similar in the 2 groups. Casual transient hypertension at rest and excessive increase of systolic blood pressure during exercise could be expression of early cardiovascular changes preceding sustained hypertension.

Adolescent↗