SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Random Allocation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Addition of fentanyl to adrenalinized lidocaine for the brachial plexus block].

This study was designed to investigate the effects of fentanyl associated with lidocaïne in a solution used to perform axillary brachial plexus nerve block. Adrenergic, sensory and motor nerve blocks have been studied separately and compared to a control group receiving lidocaine without fentanyl. For each type of fibre, the degree of block was measured on, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minutes after injection and the result were studied by variance analysis. Axillary nerve blocks were performed in two different hospitals by two anesthesiologists. After giving informed consent, the patients were randomly allocated in two groups receiving 30 ml 1.5% lidocaine with 1/200,000 epinephrine, with or without fentanyl 100 mu. There were no statistical differences between the two groups as far as adrenergic nerve block was concerned, whereas sensory and motor nerve blocks were significantly more important as soon as five minutes after injection and lasted longer when fentanyl was added to the solution. This enhancement of intensity and duration of sensory and motor nerve blocks when fentanyl is added allows a reduction of the quantity of lidocaine required, and shortens the delay between injection and complete blockade.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Determination of fetal umbilical artery flow velocity during induction of term labor by mifepristone].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of mifepristone for induction of term labor on blood supply of placenta. METHODS: 97 pregnant women (38-42 gestational weeks) were recruited, and randomly allocated into 2 groups, group 1 (n = 49) mifepristone was given orally 50 mg q12h for 2 days followed by misoprostol intravaginally (25 micrograms q12h); group 2 (n = 48), Sodium prasterone sulfate intravenous injection of 200 mg qd for 3 days followed by oxytocin intravenous infusion. Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity was determined before and 36-48 hours after treatment to observe the variation of S/D value in both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant variations of S/D value in both groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mifipristone for induction of term labor (50 mg q12h for 2 days) is effective, and has no significant influence on the blood supply of placenta.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind dose reduction study of vigabatrin in complex partial epilepsy.

Seventy-five epilepsy patients with at least two complex partial seizures/month were treated with gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) 3 g/day for 3 months. Forty-one patients (54%) showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 50% in seizures. The median monthly seizure frequency decreased from 11.5 to 4 seizures/month. Twenty percent of patients had an improvement in general performance without a significant reduction in seizures. The responders entered the second phase of the study, in which 28 patients were randomly allocated to 3 g/day and 25 patients to 1.5 g/day GVG under double-blind conditions. The dosage of 3 g/day appeared to be clearly more effective than 1.5 g/day. However, even with 1.5 g/day GVG the seizure frequency was significantly reduced as compared to baseline. Drowsiness was the most commonly observed side effect, and it diminished with continued treatment. In three cases side effects led to the withdrawal of GVG therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem/cilastatin and cefotaxime for treatment of lung, soft tissue, and renal infections.

Thirty-one moderately or severely ill hospitalized patients with proved (25 patients) or suspected (six) bacterial infections were randomly allocated to receive imipenem/cilastatin (16) or cefotaxime (15). The median age, sex, duration of therapy, underlying disease, and types of infection were similar in both groups. Nineteen patients with pneumonia, eight with soft tissue infection, and four with acute pyelonephritis were included. The pathogens isolated included Escherichia coli (six), Streptococcus pneumoniae (five), Streptococcus pyogenes (five), Haemophilus species (four), Proteus species (three), Staphylococcus aureus (three), and Serratia marcescens (two). In the imipenem/cilastatin group, 13 patients were cured of their infections and three showed improvement. In the cefotaxime group, nine were cured, three showed improvement, and three showed no improvement. Nine patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin developed phlebitis, as compared with eight treated with cefotaxime. One patient treated with cefotaxime developed diarrhea. During therapy, potential pathogens were isolated from four patients in the imipenem/cilastatin group (Candida species [two] and Pseudomonas maltophilia [two]), as compared with eight in the cefotaxime group (enterococci [two], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [two], Candida species [two], Acinetobacter anitratus [one], and Pseudomonas fluorescens [one]). There were no recognized superinfections.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

The effect of covert bacteriuria in schoolgirls on renal function at 18 years and during pregnancy.

Schoolgirls shown to have covert bacteriuria (CB) by a screening programme and followed up for 5 years to assess whether chemotherapy had any beneficial effect, underwent a further assessment of renal function at the age of 18 years and during subsequent pregnancies. At age 18, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine concentrating ability were the same as in controls, but fractional reabsorption of glucose was significantly reduced in those who had previously been prescribed chemotherapy because of renal scarring or who had been randomly allocated not to receive prophylactic chemotherapy. Those who had had CB as schoolgirls had a higher frequency of CB in pregnancy than did controls, whether or not prophylactic chemotherapy had been given to the subjects when they were schoolgirls. Furthermore, compared with girls who had had such treatment, untreated patients had smaller increments in GFR, reduced fractional reabsorption of glucose, and more than usual degree of glycosuria during pregnancy. This suggests that subclinical renal damage may be prevented by prophylactic chemotherapy but this advantage is unmasked only by the physiological demands of pregnancy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Prophylactic metronidazole in appendicectomy: a controlled trial.

Prophylactic metronidazole was compared with no treatment in a randomly allocated study of patients undergoing appendicectomy. A 1-g suppository of metronidazole was given with the premedication and 200 mg t.d.s. orally for 7 days thereafter. There were 4 hospital wound infections in the 87 patients receiving metronidazole and 11 out of 83 in the no-treatment group (P < 0.05). However, 60 per cent of wound infections occurred at home and the overall infection rates were not significantly different. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was longer in the control group (5.8 days +/- 3.0 s.d.) than in the treated group (4.8 +/- 2.3; P < 0.01). Only one anaerobic infection occurred in a patient receiving metronidazole but late infection was not prevented. Blood levels of metronidazole taken at the end of operation showed a wide variation but there was no correlation with subsequent infection. Culture of the appendix showed aerobic organisms in 88 per cent of cases and anaerobes in 72 per cent. It is suggested that an antibiotic which is effective against both aerobic and anaerobic organisms might have an advantage over metronidazole in appendicitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Reduction of creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB indexes of infarct size by intravenous verapamil.

In a prospective, controlled study, 29 patients were randomly allocated to receive intravenous verapamil, 5 to 10 mg/hour, for 2 days starting at a mean of 8 hours after the onset of myocardial infarction. Twenty-five patients received no specific treatment and served as control subjects. Left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in all patients was initially less than 15 mm Hg. Age, infarct localization and hemodynamic values on admission (Swan-Ganz catheter) were comparable in both groups. Maximal creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) values were markedly lower in the verapamil group than in the control group (CK 547 vs 703 U/liter, p less than 0.05; CK-MB 51 vs 68 U/liter, p less than 0.025), as was infarct weight (48 vs 65 g-Eq, p less than 0.03; CK-MB 31 vs 49 g-Eq, p less than 0.005). Arterial blood pressure was 10% lower in the verapamil group than in the control group. Systemic vascular resistance and LV filling pressure remained unchanged. Verapamil reduced myocardial infarction size by about 30% in patients without LV failure and the arterial pressure was reduced.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1988

Comparative clinical study of spironolactone and potassium canrenoate. A randomized evaluation with double cross-over.

In the present study 54 cirrhotic patients were investigated in order to compare the clinical effects of spironolactone (100-200 mg/d) and potassium canrenoate (50-200 mg/d). Diagnosis was established on clinical and laboratory findings for at least 12 months and/or on liver biopsy: no patients had signs of hepatic decompensation. Patients entering the study without previous treatment, after a basal period of observation, were randomly allocated to one of the spirolactones (spironolactone or potassium canrenoate); those already under antialdosteronic treatment underwent a first observation period and were then all shifted to the other drug. After completing a second observation all patients underwent a second cross-over and a new assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters after the third period of observation. 31 patients completed all observations (3.5 months each, overall mean). No differences in liver function tests were present during follow-up. Maintenance of body weight was achieved with a dose of potassium canrenoate half that of spironolactone. Serum K+ was increased in each patient after spironolactone and potassium canrenoate as compared to the basal period. The 24-h urinary excretion of K+ was significantly decreased in each patient after both drugs. No significant changes were observed in both Na+ and Cl- plasmatic concentration and urinary excretion. Gynaecomastia was present in 3/11 patients during the basal observation, in 13/30 patients under spironolactone and in 5/25 patients under potassium canrenoate; this finding, however, was not correlated to changes in the basal serum concentration of prolactin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aldosterone↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative study of 2 treatment methods for onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail)].

One hundred and fifty-six patients, on whom 200 procedures for ingrowing toenails were performed, were randomly allocated into one or two treatment groups: segmental phenolization and wedge excision. There were 94 segmental phenolizations and 106 wedge excisions. Post-treatment discomfort was assessed on an analytical graph. There was a clear difference between the two groups one week after treatment. Over a mean follow-up period of 12 months a total of 27 nail spikes occurred, 8 in the phenolized group and 16 in the wedge excision group, this being not a significant difference at the five per cent level.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Treatment of radiolucent gallstones with CDCA or UDCA. A multicenter trial.

Patients with radiolucent gallstones (diameter less than 1.5 cm) and functioning gallbladder were treated for 6-12 months with CDCA (38 patients, 12-15 mg/kg/day) or UDCA (78 patients randomly allocated to receive 5-6 or 10-12 mg/kg/day). Complete dissolutions and partial plus complete dissolutions were respectively 26 and 58% for CDCA, 14 and 58% for UDCA at the lower dose, and 29 and 71% for UDCA at the higher dose. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between the three different treatments. In patients with stones of 4-10 mm diameter treated with UDCA, complete dissolution occurred at the lower dose in 0 of 14 cases while complete dissolutions occurred at the higher dose in 5 of 18 cases, suggesting that the latter dose may be more effective (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between gallstone size and number of dissolutions with both doses of UDCA. No side effects were observed with UDCA, while with CDCA diarrhea occurred in 28% and a transient increase in SGOT in a single patient. 1 patient on UDCA required emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Dyspeptic and/or pain symptom-atology improved in 65 and 85% of the patients treated with CDCA and UDCA, respectively. No variations in the blood lipids were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Residual curarisation: a comparative study of atracurium and pancuronium.

Sixty patients (17-78 years old, ASA group I-II) were included in the study, which was triple-blind, randomised, stratified and controlled. Patients were selected in pairs according to sex and type of operation, and randomly allocated to one of two groups, atracurium or pancuronium. Anaesthesia was achieved with thiopentone, pethidine and nitrous oxide in oxygen, and patients were then given atracurium 0.1 mg kg-1 or pancuronium 0.6 mg kg-1. Incremental doses were administered when clinically indicated. On recovery, residual curarisation was evaluated clinically and with the train-of-four method by a doctor who was unaware of the neuromuscular blocking agents used. Residual curarisation was found to be less after neuromuscular blockade with atracurium in the doses used in this study. Atracurium has advantages in this respect when neuromuscular monitoring is not used during operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Post-operative morbidity associated with the use of atracurium and vecuronium in day-case laparoscopy.

Patients were randomly allocated to receive either vecuronium or atracurium as the sole muscle relaxant for day-case gynaecological laparoscopy to determine if either agent was superior with respect to post-operative morbidity during the 48 h after operation. Intubating conditions and cardiovascular stability were similar in both groups. Post-operative morbidity prior to discharge was also similar except for a significantly higher incidence of abdominal pain in the vecuronium group. There was no statistical difference in specific morbidity during the 48 h after laparoscopy, but a greater number of patients in the vecuronium group was able to resume normal activity 24 h after laparoscopy. Both agents are very suitable for day-case laparoscopies and other short surgical procedures.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed1984

Treatment of 'cimetidine-resistant' chronic duodenal ulcers with ranitidine or cimetidine: a randomised multicentre study.

Forty patients with endoscopically proven persistent duodenal ulcer who had been treated for six weeks with cimetidine (1 g/day) were randomly allocated to receive a further six weeks' treatment with cimetidine (1 g/day) or ranitidine (300 mg/day). Ulcers healed in 12 of 19 patients given cimetidine (63%) and in 13 of 21 given ranitidine (62%); two patients on cimetidine and two on ranitidine dropped out. In the unhealed ulcer group the ulcer size was reduced in most patients. There was no change in basal acid output, peak acid output, plasma gastrin and pepsinogen I levels after either treatment. Clinical data, gastric function tests, and endoscopic features did not predict ulcer healing. Both treatments were effective in the relief of pain: 72% of patients with unhealed ulcers were asymptomatic at the end of the trial.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in phlebography of the leg. Comparison of the tolerance.

Fifty patients were examined by ascending phlebography of both legs in a prospective, double blind, within-patient series. Each leg was randomly allocated to the examination using either iohexol 300 mg I/ml or meglumine iothalamate 280 mg I/ml as the contrast medium. Immediate side effects were recorded in all patients, and delayed effects in 45 patients. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test showed that iohexol produced significantly less immediate pain in the leg than meglumine iothalamate. Iohexol produced significantly less nausea, and vomiting during the injection than meglumine iothalamate. No significant difference was found in the incidence of delayed pain and swelling with either medium. The quality of the films produced by iohexol was significantly better than that obtained with meglumine iothalamate.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Stimulation of labor in cases of premature rupture of the membranes at or near term. A consecutive randomized study of prostaglandin E2-tablets and intravenous oxytocin.

Prostaglandin E2-tablets were compared to intravenous oxytocin for the stimulation of labor in 201 patients at or near term, with premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes without labor activity for 6 hours after the escape of fluid. The patients were randomly allocated; 99 were treated with PGE2-tablets (0.5-1.5 mg/hr) and 102 with intravenous oxytocin (7.5-45 mIU/min). The treatment was ineffective in the PGE2 group in 3 cases; these were treated successfully with intravenous oxytocin. In the oxytocin group, 3 patients were delivered by cesarean section for reasons not associated with the drug. A significant difference was found in the stimulation-delivery time, in favor of intravenous oxytocin. Although PGE2 tablets are a safe and convenient alternative to intravenous oxytocin, the investigation showed that intravenous oxytocin is preferable in cases of premature rupture of the membranes with more than 6 hours without labor activity.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Flupenthixol versus diazepam in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: a double-blind, multi-centre trial in general practice.

In a Finnish general practice 120 patients with psychosomatic disorders, manifest as syndromes of tension headache, cardiac neurosis, dizziness or muscular tension, were randomly allocated to treatment over a 4-week period with either flupenthixol (1 to 2 mg per day) or diazepam (5 to 10 mg mg per day). The 4 syndromes and 12 associated symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pain, asthenia, muscle fatiguability, tension, dyspnoea, restlessness, palpitations, sleep disorders, and vertigo) were rated on a 4-point scale on entry, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks. Both drugs reduced significantly the average total scores for syndromes and single symptoms after 2-weeks' treatment. Flupenthixol was the more effective in relieving fatigue and vertigo; diazepam in relieving headache, anxiety, tension, restlessness and sleep disturbance. Cardiac neurosis, palpitations and general muscular tension responded poorly to both drugs. After 4 weeks, relief of vertigo, pain and fatigue was more evident in the flupenthixol group, and of anxiety, tension and restlessness in the diazepam group. Side-effects were complained of at some stage by 17 patients in the flupenthixol group (9 of fatigue, 5 of sleep disturbance, 1 of constipation, 1 of extrapyramidal symptoms, and 1 of weight gain) and by 16 patients in the diazepam group (10 of fatigue, 4 of sleep problems and 2 of diarrhoea).

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Anesthesia with alfentanil and methohexitone for short gynecological surgery. A comparison with thiopentone/nitrous oxide.

An anesthetic technique in which alfentanil hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting opioid, was used as a substitute for N2O/O2 was evaluated in outpatient gynecological surgery. Methohexitone was used as a hypnotic agent. The following parameters were studied: blood pressure (BP) and heart rate before, during and at the end of surgery; the incidence of apnea longer than 20 s at induction; the awakening phase; immediate postoperative complications and later postoperative complications according to a questionnaire, including signs of thrombophlebitis. Eighty-nine patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Twenty-nine patients received alfentanil 7 micrograms/kg plus methohexitone plus O2/air (Group A7). Thirty patients received alfentanil 15 micrograms/kg plus methohexitone plus O2/air (Group A15). Thirty patients received thiopentone 5 mg/kg plus N2O/O2 (Group P, reference group). Neither in the A7-group, nor in the A15-group was there any increase in peroperative BP, while in the P-group both systolic and diastolic BP rose. The awakening phase was significantly shorter in both the A7- and A15-groups compared to the P-group. Apnea of clinical importance was only seen in the A15-group. There were few immediate postoperative complications in all groups, but the incidence of dizziness was significantly higher in the P-group. According to the questionnaire, the overall incidence of complaints the day after surgery was somewhat higher in the P-group. On the other hand, there was a somewhat higher incidence of thrombophlebitis in both A-groups. We may thus recommend the use of a combination of alfentanil 7 micrograms/kg plus methohexitone and air/oxygen for anesthesia in patients subjected to short gynecological procedures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Electrocardiographic changes during antihypertensive therapy in the International Prospective Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension.

In the International Prospective Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension, electrocardiographic changes before and during 3- to 5-year antihypertensive treatment were investigated in a cohort of 5819 men and women aged 40 to 64 years with entry diastolic blood pressures of 100 to 125 mm Hg. They were randomly allocated to treatment regimens that either included or excluded the slow-release beta-blocker oxprenolol. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were assessed using the Minnesota Code and assigned to groups of normal ECGs or ECGs with pressure-related, ischemic, "intermediate," or "other" abnormalities. Antihypertensive treatment was associated with a decrease (mainly in men) of pressure-related and (mainly in women) of intermediate abnormalities. Ischemic abnormalities increased, particularly in men. Inclusion of the beta-blocker resulted in a greater reduction in intermediate abnormalities and in a lesser increase in ischemic abnormalities. Better blood pressure control was associated with a lesser increase in ischemic abnormalities and in a regression of pressure-related abnormalities. The presence of ST segment depression and of a complete left bundle branch block in the entry ECG was associated with a significant risk for sudden death and myocardial infarction. Optimal blood pressure control prevents pressure-induced cardiac target organ damage and, hence, heart failure, and may delay the progression of ischemic abnormalities. This tallies with the lower critical cardiac event rate associated with lower blood pressure that was observed in the same study.

Antihypertensive Agents↗