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PubMed2005

[Women who have sex with women: their sexual biography, reproductive health and experience with violence].

OBJECTIVE: To compare sociodemographic characteristics, sexual and reproductive biographies and experience of violence according to the fact that women have or have not had homosexual relationship. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From the national survey on violence against women in France carried out in 2000 by phone, two groups have been compared: 78 women who have had at least one woman sexual partner and 6332 women who have had only male partners during lifetime. RESULTS: Women who have had sexual relationships with women more often have high level social positions and live in large cities. They have a more diverse sexual life that they begin younger and more partners, mainly men. They use contraception less often. They have more sexually transmitted infections and are more often tested for HIV. They visit gynaecologists as often as other women. They are more often victims of violence, especially physical violence as adults. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results, in an understudied field in France, are consistent with findings from the international literature. They attest to the difficulties women may be confronted with in situations where autonomy and marginality are combined. Doctors need to be better informed about the diversity of their trajectories in order to provide appropriate medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Shift work and reproductive health.

Nonstandard workhours may disturb normal body functions, but their relation to reproductive outcome is poorly understood. Two newly published studies suggest an association between rotating shift work and prolonged waiting time to pregnancy. Seven of nine studies on spontaneous abortion suggest that some forms of shift work may be associated with increased risk. Four studies indicate that shift work including night schedules may be related to preterm birth. Moreover, some results have related rotating schedules to intrauterine growth retardation. In the published studies, the type of work schedule examined has varied, and the applied definition of shift work has not necessarily been clear. The main interest areas, however, have been work involving evening and night shifts, rotating or changing schedules, and the irregularity of work patterns. Although the evidence is not ample and remains ambiguous, it is prudent to consider shift work as a potential risk to reproduction.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Management practices and their association with reproductive health and performance in Colorado beef herds.

An observational study was conducted to quantify the effects of management practices on reproductive performance and disorders of beef cows. The study population consisted of 44 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf herds monitored for disease and reproductive events as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. The managers of the herds were surveyed with a standardized questionnaire to determine specific management characteristics of their operations. Data were analyzed using the random-effects multiple logistic regression model. Outcomes of interest were calving rate, herd incidence rates of dystocia and combined reproductive disorders, and calf mortality rate. A higher calving rate was associated (P less than .01) with a decreased percentage of replacement females in the herd, a shorter breeding season, a smaller herd size, and a lower percentage of bulls being used as yearlings. Incidence rates of both dystocia and combined reproductive disorders were found to be lower (P less than .01) in herds that were fed cottonseed cake as a winter supplement, but higher (P less than .01) in herds that were fed grass hay as a winter supplement. Herds located in the mountains of Colorado had lower (P less than .01) incidence rates of dystocia and reproductive disorders than herds located in the eastern plains. Calf mortality rate was found to be higher (P less than .05) with calving seasons that began earlier in the year. Higher calf mortality rates were associated (P less than .05) with an increased incidence of dystocia, the commingling of cattle on summer range, and smaller herd size.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Reproductive health history of lesbians: implications for care.

OBJECTIVE: Parity and hormonal contraceptives modify the risk of reproductive cancers and cardiovascular disease. However, clinicians may not obtain reproductive histories from patients who self-identify as lesbian. We report lifetime pregnancy-related outcomes and hormonal contraception for 392 women who reported sexual activity with another woman in the preceding year. STUDY DESIGN: Among self-referred volunteers, previous pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, contraceptive use, and sexual identity were assessed with self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: One in 4 subjects had been pregnant, and more than 50% of the women had used oral contraceptives (mean duration, 40 months). Sixteen percent of all subjects and 63% of those who had been pregnant previously reported having 1 or more induced abortions. The most common pregnancy outcome for women younger than 25 years was induced abortion (59% of pregnancies). Identifying as "lesbian" or "bisexual" predicted neither the duration of oral contraceptive use nor a report of induced abortion. CONCLUSION: Previous pregnancy, induced abortion, and hormonal contraceptive use are common among women who report sex with women, regardless of self-identification as lesbian.

Abortion, Induced↗