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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effect of Withania somnifera on 20-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma.

Administration of an extract from the root of the plant Withania somnifera (20mg/dose/animal i.p) was found to inhibit the 20-methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma development in mice and increase the life span of tumour bearing animals. Administration of Withania could inhibit the lipid peroxide formation (152 nanomoles/mg protein) (P<0.01) compared with control (198 nanomoles/mg protein). Withania could increase the GSH level (7.7 micromoles/mg protein) which was lowered in control tumour bearing animals (3.96 micromoles/mg protein). GST level was also significantly increased (451 micromoles/min/mg protein) (P<0.001) in Withania treated animals compared to control animals (205 micromoles/min/mg protein). All the animals in the control group developed sarcoma by the 80th day of carcinogen administration. Only 3 animals in the Withania treated group developed sarcoma by the 105th day. In control animals the survival rate was 40% but in the Withania treated group the survival rate was 100% after 15 weeks of carcinogen treatment. These results indicate that Withania could inhibit 20-methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma development in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Sarcoma associated with dacron prosthetic material: case report and review of the literature.

A case of a fibrosarcoma arising in association with a Dacron prosthetic graft is reported. This is the second report of such an association. Animal studies have shown that polymeric substances can induce similar sarcomas and that pore size between the polymeric strands is an important consideration in determining carcinogenicity. Grafts with pore size less than 0.4 mu in diameter should be avoided in man until they are absolutely proved incapable of tumorogenesis.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75) in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and other nonneural tumors: a study of 1,150 tumors and fetal and adult normal tissues.

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. It may modulate the binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the functional high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase (trk) A. NGF is thought to be responsible for growth, apoptosis, and function of the nervous system. The presence of this receptor (p75) was determined in a large group of neural and nonneural tumors and fetal and adult tissues. One thousand one hundred fifty tumors were analyzed with monoclonal antibody for p75, along with selected normal fetal and adult tissues. Immunoreactivity for p75 was present in adult pericytes, perivascular fibroblasts, basal cells of several types of epithelia, perineurial cells, and dendritic reticulum cells. Additionally, a wide zone of subepithelial mesenchyme and skeletal muscle were positive in the first-trimester fetus, but were diminished or negative in the adult. Consistently positive nonneural mesenchymal tumors included dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and spindle cell hemangio(endotheli)oma. Schwann cell tumors, ganglioneuroma, granular cell tumor, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) were also p75 positive. Mesenchymal nonneural tumors that were variably positive (32% to 69%) for p75 included fibrosarcoma variants, solitary fibrous tumor, hemangiopericytoma, spindle cell lipoma, Ewing's sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and malignant melanoma. Nervous system tumors such as paragangliomas, neuroblastoma, meningioma, and perineurioma and nonneural mesenchymal tumors, including extraskeletal osteosarcoma, benign fibrous histiocytomas, fibromas, alveolar soft part sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, smooth muscle and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and angiosarcomas, were almost always negative for p75. Epithelial tumors that were consistently positive included mixed tumor and adenoid cystic carcinoma, whereas mesothelioma, adenocarcinomas, and most squamous cell carcinomas were negative. p75 is not a specific marker for nerve sheath tumors. It is present in a variety of other mesenchymal tumors including synovial sarcoma and in CD34-positive tumors such as DFSP, spindle cell lipoma, and hemangiopericytoma. The presence of p75 in nonneural tumors such as DFSP and rhabdomyosarcoma mimic its presence in early fetal mesenchyme and skeletal muscle, suggesting oncofetal expression in these tumors. p75 may be useful to distinguish DFSP from benign fibrous histiocytoma.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Comparative effects of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and frentizole on cellular immunity in mice.

This report extends previous observations on the immunosuppressive properties of cyclophosphamide (CPA), azathioprine and frentizole (15) to include murine models of cellular immunity. Systemic and local graft vs host reactions (GVHR) were most effectively suppressed by CPA. In contrast to frentizole, both CPA and azathioprine were found to inhibit the proliferation of parental T-cells in a systemic GVHR. However, CPA was the only agent capable of inhibiting the proliferation of T-cells following contact sensitization with oxazolone. Mice pretreated with a high dose of CPA or frentizole prior to inoculation with the murine sarcoma virus exhibited accelerated tumor growth. However, there was no accelerated growth of murine sarcoma virus induced tumors or an SaI spindle cell fibrosarcoma during rather prolonged therapy with immunosuppressive doses of CPA, azathioprine or frentizole. Normal mice treated with CPA showed a more drastic reduction in lymphoid elements of the spleen and thymus than mice treated with azathioprine or frentizole. Studies on the mitogenic responsiveness of spleen cells obtained from normal mice after an eight day course of therapy suggested that CPA has some selectivity of action on B-cells and azathioprine on T-cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Fibrosarcomas at presumed sites of injection in dogs: characteristics and comparison with non-vaccination site fibrosarcomas and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas.

Fifteen fibrosarcomas, surgically excised from presumed sites of injection in dogs, and 10 canine fibrosarcomas excised from sites not used for injection were histologically and immunohistochemically compared with 20 feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas. Canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites were of grade I (3), of grade II (4) and grade III (8). Two fibrosarcomas from non-injection sites were of grade I, four of grade II and four of grade III. Feline samples were classified as grade I (2), grade II (4) and grade III (14). All fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites of both species showed lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration located at the tumour periphery, while two canine fibrosarcomas from non-injection sites showed perivascular inflammatory infiltration within the neoplasm. All samples were immunohistochemically examined for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin and desmin expression. All tumours were positive for vimentin. Ten canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and all feline samples contained cells consistent with a myofibroblastic immunophenotype. Aluminium deposits were detected in eight canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and 11 feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas by the aurintricarboxylic acid method. The present study identifies distinct similarities between canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas, suggesting the possibility of the development of post-injection sarcomas not only in cats, but also in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of hamster tumors induced by simian virus 40 small t deletion mutants as true histiocytic lymphomas.

Random bred Syrian hamsters given s.c. injections of SV40 small t deletion mutants dl883, dl884, and dl890 rapidly develop reticulum cell sarcomas in the abdominal cavity in addition to slowly developing s.c. fibrosarcomas at the site of virus inoculation. Injection of wild type SV40 s.c. induces only fibrosarcomas at the site of inoculation. In an attempt to understand why mutations in the SV40 small t gene should lead to this difference in tumor-inducing capacity in hamsters, we studied cells from 12 abdominal reticulum cell sarcomas which were induced by the s.c. injection of SV40 mutants. Morphological and functional analyses indicate that these tumor cells are derived from MAC-2+ macrophages. They are highly granulated, vacuolated, and multinucleated, and they generally adhere to glass and plastic. In addition, they (a) phagocytose latex beads; (b) express high levels of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens; (c) contain beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and fluoride-inhibited nonspecific esterase; (d) contain lysozyme and fibronectin; and (e) express cell surface MAC-2 antigens. Thus, the small t deletions in the SV40 genome appear to permit the virus to transform cells that are distant from the site of virus inoculation; at this distant site, the cells transformed are of a specific lineage, MAC-2+ peritoneal macrophages. This specific tropism may reflect a unique characteristic of MAC-2+ cells or their precursors that renders these cells susceptible to SV40 mutants which are otherwise restricted in the range of cells that they can transform.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1972

Tumor etiology and chromosome pattern.

Fibrosarcomas induced in Chinese hamsters and rats by Rous sarcomla virus and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene are associated with nonrandom chromosome variation. Although histologically indistinguishable, the tumors induced by the virus or chemical in each host species are characterized by completely different karyotypic patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Osmotic fragility, sialic acid content and survival of circulating erythrocytes in anemic tumor-bearing mice.

Effect of tumor growth on the survival of circulating erythrocytes was studied in mice bearing a wide spectrum of experimental tumors. RBC half-life (t1/2), measured by 51Cr-labeling technique, decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in all the tumor types studied, particularly in transplantable Sarcoma-180 and benzo(a)pyrene-induced primary fibrosarcoma. Changes in erythrocyte morphology like anisopoikilocytosis were also observed in the tumor hosts. Cross-transfusion of 51Cr-labeled RBCs between normal and tumor-bearing animals revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for shortened RBC survival. As far as the cellular abnormalities are concerned, the decrease in RBC t1/2 was not attributable to increased osmotic fragility as the cells were observed to be osmotically more resistant. Similarly, membrane sialic acid content was markedly elevated in the tumor hosts, thus the shortened erythrocyte life-span cannot be attributed to decrease in sialic acid content of the erythrocyte membrane.

Anemia↗
PubMed1993

Bifrontal meningeal fibrosarcoma in a patient with metastases to the liver, kidneys and suprarenal glands.

Primary meningeal sarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of the central nervous system and metastases to the liver, kidney and the suprarenal gland have not been reported elsewhere. A 47 year old Chinese woman who presented with a short history of headache and vomiting was found to have metastatic meningeal fibrosarcoma in the liver 4 months after resection of primary bifrontal meningeal fibrosarcoma. The computerized tomography findings and relevant histology are presented.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Irinotecan for pediatric solid tumors: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience.

PURPOSE: Irinotecan is a novel antineoplastic agent that works by inhibiting the enzyme, topoisomerase 1. Although not extensively studied in children, preclinical studies and several phase I trials indicate activity against a variety of relapsed solid tumors when administered on a protracted schedule. This report describes an institutional experience with irinotecan for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two heavily pretreated children with multiply relapsed tumors were treated with courses of irinotecan at 20 mg/m2 per day for 10 days [(every day x 5) x 2]. RESULTS: Of the 19 patients evaluable for response, four achieved an objective response, including two complete responses and one partial response among four patients with rhabdomyosarcoma and one additional patient with an undifferentiated sarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic features, and one patient with a fibrosarcoma had stable disease. Among three patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, one achieved a partial response and one had stable disease. Diarrhea was the most commonly observed toxicity. CONCLUSION: Irinotecan appears to have promising single-agent activity, particularly against rhabdomyosarcoma. with minimal hematopoietic toxicity, making it ideal for further evaluation in patients at high risk with newly diagnosed disease, particularly in combination with other active agents with nonoverlapping toxicities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

In vivo antigenic modification of tumor cells. II. Distribution of virus in sarcoma-bearing mice.

Murine leukemia viruses were previously demonstrated to be able to infect efficiently non-virus-expressing tumors in vivo. In the present study the infectivity and tissue distribution of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) in normal and tumor-bearing C57BL/6J (B6) mice were examined. Two syngeneic fibrosarcoma-inducing cell lines were used: Cells from a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma syngeneic to B6 mice (MCA-FS) and cells from a Harvey murine sarcoma virus-transformed, nonproducer sarcoma syngeneic to B6 mice (H-NP) were described in the preceding study. Both cell lines lacked ecotropic viral expression. F-MuLV produced in vitro was rarely able to infect normal adult B6 tissue in vivo and lacked pathogenic potential. Adult animals receiving F-MuLV remained clinically normal during 20 months of follow-up and had no detectable viremia, although some had persistently infected thymuses and long bones. In animals receiving a single dose of F-MuLV given to superinfect either the MCA-FS or the H-NP induced tumors, virion antigens were found only in tumor tissue and not in the normal host organs studied. Infectious virus was abundant in tumors; occasionally, it was found in thymuses and long bones of animals bearing superinfected H-NP tumors but rarely in other organs. Localization of F-MuLV in MCA-FS tumors appeared to be more selective with rare contamination of host organs. The presence of a rescuable sarcoma genome in H-NP may explain the discrepancy between MCA-FS and H-NP tumors. The possibility of increasing the efficiency and selectivity of infection as well as the therapeutic application of this technique are discussed.

Animals↗