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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Simultaneous determination of three components in compound clorprenaline tablet by using the derivative-complementary tristimulus method].

Clorprenaline hydrochloride (a), bromhexine hydrochloride (b) and decloxizine hydrochloride (c) are three main components in clorprenaline compound tablet. The serious overlapping bands of their absorption spectra cause the interference in the determinations, especially the component of (a) which has both minor content and low absorption coefficient, thus making the analysis difficult. In this paper, the interference from matrix is eliminated by using first order derivative transformation. In combination with complementary tristimulus method and with the technique of additions, the concentrations of three components in tablets can be successfully determined simultaneously. A software developed in this laboratory makes possible the ease of parameter selection, reporting data in various formats and printing figures of dissolution process, showing a clear locus. This method will be of value to quality control in manufacturing process and to the research of the dissolution dynamics of tablets in simulated stomach.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗

PubMed1990

A three-dimensional reconstruction of metastatic adenocarcinoma in lymph node.

Lymph nodes are a common site of metastatic cancer. The ability to view the three-dimensional configuration of complex biological structures, rendered in solid model form, might help to further elucidate the pathophysiology of metastatic disease. This paper presents a method for three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections of a lymph node containing metastatic adenocarcinoma. The reconstruction and subsequent animation were carried out using the P3D graphics software (developed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center) and rendered by the Dore high-speed renderer on an Ardent Titan graphics workstation. As different views of the model were produced, they were recorded a frame at a time on U-matic video tape. A three-dimensional solid-modeled object portrays metastatic, neoplastic elements within a lymph node.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis of slow eye movements with an IBM/AT compatible personal computer in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

A self-developed software program is presented, by means of which it is possible to make routine recordings and automated analysis of slow eye movements in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis. The menu-guided program runs on an IBM/AT compatible personal computer and allows on-line survey of slow eye movements. Furthermore, interactive evaluation of the data is possible. Hard copies can be made from interesting slow eye movements and their calculated parameters. Finally, tables containing various parameters such as gain, pursuit amplitude, phase difference and number of corrective saccades as well as some simple statistical calculations can be printed out.

Electrooculography↗

PubMed1989

EPAC--a database system for epicrises of occupational examinations in the chemical industry.

The Medical Service at BASF Aktiengesellschaft in Ludwigshafen began work on introducing an occupational medical information system in 1980. Having developed software for recording acute cases and laboratory results. EPAC was finally introduced in 1989 and integrated into the rest of the system. The aim of the system is to maintain a record of all medical examinations, along with all important personal details and the type of work in which the employee is engaged, the reason for the examination, the diagnosis (and all the factors taken into account in reaching it), and the interpretation of the results from the point of view of occupational medical practice. The details stored in the database provide information on the following: How often is the same diagnosis made for employees in the same type of employment? How does the incidence of diagnoses differ between different groups of employees with different places of work? What is the frequency with which a diagnosis gives rise to a restrictive medical judgement with regard to the employee's work? The opportunities offered by this system for statistical evaluation are discussed with the aid of a few practical examples from the first half of 1989.

Chemical Industry↗

PubMed1989

[A study on over-centerable multi-axial conformation radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma--analysis of the dose distribution by volume-dose histogram].

The over-centerable multi-axial conformation radiotherapy was studied for stage C carcinoma of the prostate and the dose distribution obtained by this method was compared with those of other radiation methods. It is clinically important to reduce volume irradiated to normal tissues as the radiation damage depends not only on the extent of overdose but also on the amount of the overdosed volume and for the analysis of dose distribution, the volume-dose histogram is an useful method. Using newly developed software of computer for radiation treatment planning system (CMS, Modulex), we studied the volume-dose histogram in the conformation radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma. With regard to the volume-dose histogram, the conformation technique showed better dose distribution than other conventional methods. In two-axial conformation technique with over-centerable multi-leaf collimators, although that was slightly inferior in the dose homogeneity in the lesion, the doses irradiated to rectum and bladder were lowest. In conclusion, our conformation technique is the most suitable method for delivering better dose distribution to the carcinoma of the prostate with minimum dose to rectum and bladder.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

Computer analysis of manometric recordings. A study of overnight rectal activity in normal children.

To read and analyze manometric tracings from selected biological systems, a computer program was produced using low cost personal computer hardware. The program contains facilities for automatic scoring of contractions, intercontractile intervals (modality) and frequency analysis. This report concerns analysis of two overnight rectal motility recordings in 11 normal teenagers. After A/D conversion of data the developed software offers a set of options i.e. automatized scoring of contraction, detection of intervals between contractions and analytical tools such as histographic presentation of data, and presentation in the time domain. The A/D conversion time and computer analysis time for an 8 hour recording was 15 and 13 minutes, respectively. The analysis of frequency distribution overnight showed for the material as a whole 63% of no activity, 33% of 0-2 contractions x min-1 and 4% of more than 2 contractions x min-1. Modality analysis showed a peak between 15 and 25 seconds. Approximately 30% of the tracings showed accumulated intervals, which were multiples of the peak. No significant correlation was found between the first and second night of observation regarding the number of contractions and maximum frequency overnight. Significant correlation was found for the number of periods with high frequency activity between the two nights (p less than 0.05). Long-term pressure activity can be analyzed using the presented computer-aided method, providing a rapid and objective measurement of classical parameters and access to more in-depth analysis. This actual study of normal overnight rectal activity showed a large inter- and intra-individual variation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

High accuracy and contrast resolution in ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low magnetic field strengths is known to have a comparatively high contrast resolution. Current techniques increasing the signal to noise ratio 3 to 4 times allow for an improvement in the spatial resolution still maintaining the high contrast resolution. The contributing features to this advancement are improvements in software, development of new radiofrequency coils and image processing computors. The subsequent improvement in image evaluation and the access to added information make for a high accuracy in clinical diagnosis and research. The present potential of imaging at ultra-low (0.02 tesla) magnetic field strengths is illustrated with examples from clinical practice and research.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

Pharmacy component of a hospital end-product cost-accounting system.

Determination of pharmacy department standard costs for providing drug products to patients at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia is described. The hospital is implementing a cost-accounting system (CAS) that uses software developed at the New England Medical Center, Boston. The pharmacy identified nine categories of intermediate products on the basis of labor consumption. Standard labor times for each product category are based on measurement or estimation of time for each task in the preparation and distribution of a dose. Variable-labor standard time was determined by adjusting the cumulative time for the tasks to account for nonproductive time and nonroutine activities, and a variable-labor standard cost for each category was calculated. The standard cost per dose included the costs of labor and supplies (variable and fixed) and equipment; this standard cost plus the acquisition cost of a drug line item is the total intermediate product cost. Because the CAS is based on the hospital's patient charges, clinical pharmacy services are excluded. Intermediate products that substantially affect end-product costs (costs per patient case) will be identified for inclusion in CAS reports. The CAS will give a more accurate picture of resource consumption, enabling managers to focus their efforts to improve efficiency and productivity and reduce supply use; it could also improve the accuracy of the budgeting process. The CAS will support hospital administration decisions about marketing end products and department managers' decisions about controlling intermediate-product costs.

Accounting↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of surgical residents' competence based on postoperative complications.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate surgical residents' operative skills on the assumption that differences in training might have a significant effect on postoperative complications, their type and incidence. This was accomplished using a departmental microcomputer and special non-commercial personally-developed software. There was no significant clinical difference found in the postoperative complication rate in matched groups of patients treated by senior staff and resident staff of the Department. It is suggested that the close supervision by the senior staff might play a role in this outcome. Although analysis of subgroups of patients sustaining moderate to severe postoperative complications showed a statistically significant difference between these surgeon categories, we may consider this difference attributable to the more complex operative problems handled by the senior staff in the same circumstances.

Female↗

PubMed1985

Detection and elimination of duplicates from multidatabase searches.

A major problem in the review and synthesis of citations resulting from multidatabase searching is overlap in coverage among the databases. The ability to identify and eliminate duplicate references from a multidatabase search provides an important service and significant time savings for the end user. The Upjohn Company's Corporate Technical Library has developed software to detect and eliminate duplicates from literature searches captured in electronic format. Methods for the identification of duplicates and the merging and sorting of unique citations are discussed, together with the library's procedures for electronic data capture.

Information Services↗

PubMed1985

Screen design of a hospital information system.

As the use of computerized Medical Information Systems becomes more commonplace and more extensive, the significance of screen design also becomes more important. User acceptance, which will bridge the gap between man and the machine, and increased productivity is dependent on ease of use, clarity, and meaningfulness. This can be accomplished through careful screen design. The role of the nurse is to become familiar with this technology and to use the skills of nursing combined with good screen design to establish user friendly formats. This can be done by working in a vendor development environment, a hospital data processing department, or by working as a functional user in developing software packages for patient populations. Nurses who familiarize themselves with screen design technology are in key positions to contribute to increased staff productivity via system acceptance and maximum utilization.

Data Display↗

PubMed1983

Tomographic assessment of craniofacial structures: cleft lip/palate.

The purpose of the investigation was to develop software and hardware modifications for computed tomography to provide high-resolution thin sections for the assessment of craniofacial anomalies in the pediatric population. Modifications were undertaken on an EMI 5005 head scanner. Section thickness of two millimeters and resolution of greater than ten lines per centimeter were achieved. Since this study was concerned with reduction of slice thickness and increase in resolution, radiation dose was not of immediate concern, but would be addressed subsequent to achievement of desired initial results. Initial results on investigation of a full-term human fetus with bilateral cleft lip, cleft of the posterior palate, and micrognathia are presented. The interrelationships of the affected structures are shown clearly. Soft tissues are visualized which cannot be seen by conventional tomography.

Cleft Lip↗

PubMed1983

Computer-assisted advising for dental students.

This article describes a computer-assisted advising system that has been in use at the West Virginia University School of Dentistry for two years. Detailed breakdowns are given for the five data items making up the Student Advising Information Package, and the relevance of each item to the student advising process is noted. A discussion of the overall operation of the system provides information relating to software development for those schools that are now operating with computers or anticipate doing so in the future.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using interactive video to add physical assessment data to computer-based patient simulations in nursing.

The use of computer-based simulations can enhance problem-based learning in nursing education. Adding interactive video allows students to "see" the patient they are interviewing and to "examine" the patient rather than having the examination findings described by the software developer. These features both increase the realism of the simulations and challenge the learner to interpret the physical examination findings. The use of interactive videotape has proved to be a medium that lends itself to in-house production of interactive video.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1995

Neural networks as an aid in the diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich effusions.

Neural network (NN) technology was applied to digital image analysis data for 112 Papanicolaou-fixed and -stained smears of lymphocyte-rich effusions (LREs). The smears were analyzed with an inexpensive image analysis system assembled in our laboratory. Several models were developed using backpropagation NN development software in an effort to optimize classification of the LREs as reactive lymphocytosis or malignant lymphoma and to analyze the effects of various parameters on classification rates. The greatest specificity and sensitivity of LRE classification were achieved with NN models that consisted of 7 input neurons, including 5 morphometric and 2 densitometric variables, 10 hidden-layer neurons and 1 output neuron. This NN architecture with a sigmoidal transfer function provided a true cross-validation rate of 89.3% of testing data, with a sensitivity of 76.9%, specificity of 93.0% and shrinkage of 10.7%. The same NN architecture with a step transfer function provided a true cross-validation rate of 95.3%, sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 97.6% and shrinkage of 0%. The effects of various parameters, such as network size, shrinkage and ratio of sample size to input layer size, on NN accuracy are discussed.

Ascitic Fluid↗

PubMed1994

Fluorescent vesicle system. A new technique for measuring blood flow in the retina.

PURPOSE: To measure blood flow in the retinal circulation and optic nerve head capillaries with an innovative fluorescent vesicle system. METHODS: Carboxyfluorescein was encapsulated into liposomes; the vesicles ranged from 0.1 to 2 microns in diameter. After intravenous injection of the liposome suspension, the fundus was viewed using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Images of the fundus showing circulating liposomes were stored on videotape. An image analyzing system was used to digitize the captured video frames and transfer them to a computer's hard disk for permanent storage. Software developed in the authors' laboratory allowed them to overlay multiple video frames to create a single image that provided a visible record of the path taken by a particular vesicle in a given time period. The information on this image was used to calculate the velocity of the vesicle, and hence the velocity of the blood flow in the vessel. RESULTS: With this system, individual liposomes as small as 100 nm were visible in all retinal vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins). Quantitative analysis of vesicle movement in the major retinal vessels of the cynomolgus monkey yielded an average velocity of 9.33 +/- 1.67 mm/second in a large vein (diameter, 130 microns) and 16.10 +/- 5.7 mm/second in a large retinal artery (diameter, 64 microns). The average velocity in the macular capillaries was 0.76 mm/second (range, 0.45-1.33 mm/second), whereas the average velocity in the optic nerve head capillaries was 1.39 mm/second (range, 0.96-2.25 mm/second). CONCLUSION: The fluorescent vesicle system can be used for simultaneous measurement of blood flow in the retinal arteries, veins, and capillaries of the macula and optic nerve.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Docu-Rec: the recording of tooth-colored restorations with a computer-assisted documentation system].

A new computerized documentation system for tooth-colored restorations was established in a clinical setting of the University of Zurich School of Dentistry and evaluated during one year. Workstations (Apple) at the chairside being linked in a computer-net (Ethernet) were used for data acquisition. A newly developed software ("Docu-Rec", Zeller 1994) offered predefined and logically connected clinical and dental material parameters to the user allowing a rapid data entry. From February 1993 to January 1994, 14 dentists recorded a total of 598 tooth-colored restorations (491 Cerec inlays/onlays, 26 laboratory-fabricated inlays, 81 anterior composite resin restorations) by entering 56,810 parameters into the system. The average acquisition time for one restoration was 2 minutes. The system proved to be user-friendly and practical.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The use of local area networks in the day surgery department.

As patient care moves from inpatient to outpatient status, there is an increased demand for specially developed software applications in the Day Surgery Department. Although a stand-alone computer initially could handle routine tasks performed by surgical staff, it is becoming increasingly apparent that a need exists for a more inclusive system that can manage the vast amounts of information necessary for effective resource management in today's Day Surgery Department environment. Local area networks (LANs) provide the necessary flexibility, expandability, and usability requisite of such a system. This article will discuss the benefits of using LANs in the Day Surgery Department. Specifically, an operating room scheduling and resource management software program is used to illustrate the advantages of LANs in the Day Surgery Department.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗