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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Assessment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine: 1) if the presence of significant coronary stenosis in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) can be predicted by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging; and 2) if the analysis of several CMR methods improves its diagnostic yield compared with analysis of individual methods. BACKGROUND: With modern acquisition techniques, several CMR methods for the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be combined in a single noninvasive scanning session. Such a multicomponent CMR examination has not previously been applied to a large patient population, in particular those with a high prevalence of CAD in an acute situation. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients presenting with NSTE-ACS underwent CMR imaging of myocardial function, perfusion (rest and adenosine-stress), viability (by late contrast enhancement), and coronary artery anatomy. Visual analysis of CMR was carried out. First, all CMR data were reviewed in combination ("comprehensive analysis"). In further separate analyses, each CMR method was analyzed individually. The ability of CMR to detect coronary stenosis >/=70% on X-ray angiography was determined. RESULTS: Comprehensive CMR analysis yielded a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 83% to predict the presence of significant coronary stenosis and was more accurate than analysis of any individual CMR method; CMR was significantly more sensitive and accurate than the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction risk score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging accurately predicts the presence of significant CAD in patients with NSTE-ACS. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of several CMR methods improved the accuracy of the test.

Adenosine↗

PubMed2005

Mapping the parietal cortex of human and non-human primates.

The present essay reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies conducted in parallel in humans and awake monkeys, concentrating on the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). MR responses to a range of visual stimuli indicate that the human IPS contains more functional regions along its anterior-posterior extent than are known in the monkey. Human IPS includes four motion sensitive regions, ventral IPS (VIPS), parieto-occipital IPS (POIPS), dorsal IPS medial (DIPSM) and dorsal IPS anterior (DIPSA), which are also sensitive to three-dimensional structure from motion (3D SFM). On the other hand, the monkey IPS contains only one motion sensitive area (VIP), which is not particularly sensitive to 3D SFM. The human IPS includes four regions sensitive to two-dimensional shape and three representations of central vision, while monkey IPS appears to contain only two shape sensitive regions and one central representation. These data support the hypothesis that monkey LIP corresponds to the region of human IPS between DIPSM and POIPS and that a portion of the anterior part of human IPS is evolutionarily new. This additional cortical tissue may provide the capacity for an enhanced visual analysis of moving images necessary for sophisticated control of manipulation and tool handling.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver by means of helical CT: comparison of different contrast medium concentrations within the same patient.

PURPOSE: To compare enhancement of the aorta, portal vein, liver, and tumor with contrast medium of a higher iodine concentration to that with one of a standard iodine concentration for liver dynamic CT within the same patient with known liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients with known cirrhosis and HCC underwent repeat computed tomographic (CT) examinations within three months, the first with either 300 (n=26) or 370 mgI/ml (n=27) of nonionic contrast material. In the second examination, only concentration was altered. In 28 patients, weight was equal to or more than 65 kg, and in 25 patients it was less than 65 kg. The CT numbers (HU) of the aorta, portal vein, liver, and tumor were obtained, and CT attenuation was compared between the two concentration studies. The degree of enhancement was scored qualitatively. RESULTS: Mean enhancement values of the aorta, liver, portal vein, and tumor were greater with the 370 mgI/ml injections than with the 300 mgI/ml injections throughout the study. In visual analysis, the difference in aortic, portal venous, liver, and tumor enhancement was not statistically significant between the two groups in patients weighing less than 65 kg. However, in patients weighing 65 kg or more, strong aortic and portal venous enhancement (rated as good or excellent) occurred more frequently with the 370 mgI/ml injections than with the 300 mgI/ml injections. CONCLUSION: Higher contrast enhancement was achieved in patients who received 370 mgI/ml of contrast material, resulting in better tissue contrast between liver parenchyma and HCCs. However, this difference was not visually significant in patients weighing less than 65 kg.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Dynamic positron emission tomography with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose imaging in differentiation of benign from malignant lung/mediastinal lesions.

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic utility of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging in patients with suspected malignant pulmonary lesions. We wanted to test the hypothesis that the rate of FDG uptake (FDG influx constant values) would differentiate malignant from benign lung or mediastinal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed segmental dynamic PET imaging studies following administration of FDG in 19 patients with indeterminate pulmonary lesions based on chest radiograph and/or CT scans. Patlak analysis was done to compute Ki (FDG influx constant) values and compared with FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) and histology. RESULTS: FDG Ki values (mean+/-SD) were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in all 12 malignant lesions (0.029+/-0.02) as compared with 7 benign lesions (0.0024+/-0.0011) with good correlation to the SUV values. Distinct time activity curve patterns were identified in malignant and benign lesions with continued uptake in malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: Dynamic PET-FDG imaging accurately differentiates malignant from benign pulmonary lesions. In certain cases with equivocal findings on visual analysis and SUV values, dynamic imaging may be further helpful in differentiating benign and malignant lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Evaluation of radionuclide angiography in diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: The accuracy of Fourier analysis of radionuclide angiography for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was assessed versus X-ray right ventricular angiography. BACKGROUND: In patients with recurrent right ventricular tachycardia, the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is based on the presence of right ventricular wall motion abnormalities on conventional X-ray angiography without evidence of other heart disease. METHODS: X-ray and radionuclide angiography were prospectively compared in 73 patients with ventricular tachycardia. We analyzed the presence of a right ventricular enlargement, global hypokinesia and segmental wall motion abnormalities, using visual analysis for both techniques and Fourier analysis for radionuclide angiography. Disease was noted as absent or present and as diffuse or localized. The interobserver reproducibility of both techniques for the diagnosis of right ventricular wall motion abnormalities was tested in 27 randomly selected patients. RESULTS: According to X-ray angiography, 53 patients were considered to have arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (22 diffuse, 31 localized forms) and 20 patients a normal right ventricle. The sensitivity of radionuclide angiography was 94.3%, specificity 90% and positive and negative predictive values 96% and 85.7%, respectively. Agreement for the location of the wall motion abnormalities was 60% for the apex, 76% for the outflow tract, 82% for the inferior wall and 74% for the free wall. The diagnostic interobserver reproducibility of X-ray and radionuclide angiography was 74% and 96.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a selected cohort, Fourier analysis of radionuclide angiography is an accurate and reproducible tool for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Photoelastic stress analysis in perforated (Rochette) resin bonded bridge design.

Rochette described the perforated cast metal bonded design for splinting periodontally compromised teeth. The design was later used for replacing missing teeth. The main causes of failure of the perforated (Rochette) type design were attributed to inappropriate case selection and erosion of the composite from perforations. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of stress magnitude and direction on failure of perforated resin bonded bridges (RBBs). The objective was to compare stress magnitudes in this design with those reported on the non-perforated RBBs. Photoelastic modelling materials were selected to represent the relative stiffnesses of a posterior mandibular and an anterior maxillary perforated (Rochette) type design. The sizes of the models were scaled to x 2.5 in order to enhance visual analysis of the stress patterns. Stress magnitudes were quantified from isochromatic fringes and stress directions were evaluated from stress trajectories. These revealed a high-stress concentration around the perforations, particularly for those at the proximo-lingual/palatal (connector) areas. This experimental study revealed that the main reason for failure of Rochette designs is deformation at the perforations.

Birefringence↗

PubMed2003

Grasp observation influences speech production.

Subjects pronounced either the syllable 'BA' or 'GA' while observing motor acts of hand grasp directed to objects of two sizes (experiment 1). Kinematics of lip aperture and amplitude spectrum of voice were influenced by the observation of the different grasp kinematics depending on the size of the target objects. Specifically, both lip aperture and voice peak amplitude were greater when the observed hand grasp was directed to the large object. Two control experiments ruled out that the different arm velocity when reaching objects varying in size (experiment 2), and overt visual analysis of the target-object (experiment 3), affected lip movement and voice emission. Results provide behavioural evidence in favour of the hypothesis that the system involved in observation (and preparation) of grasp movements partially shares the cortical areas involved in speech production.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Is FDG-PET a useful tool in clinical practice for diagnosing corticobasal ganglionic degeneration?

Seven consecutive patients were suspected to suffer from corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBGD) and were studied with ([18])F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging of the brain. At the time of their FDG-PET scan, 4 of 7 patients fulfilled the clinical criteria of CBGD as proposed by Lang and associates [In Calne DB, 1994; Neurodegenerative disease. Philadelphia: Saunders]. For 2 of these 4 patients, however, an alternative clinical diagnosis was also considered. Three of the seven patients underwent an FDG-PET scan when their clinical features were not yet developed sufficiently to confirm a clinical diagnosis of CBGD. Simple visual analysis of the FDG-PET scans was carried out. All 7 patients showed an asymmetrical pattern of glucose metabolism that was demonstrated in previous studies to be characteristic in patients who had a clinical diagnosis of CBGD. The PET results helped to confirm the clinical suspicion of CBGD in 2 patients and to rule out other diagnoses in 2 other patients. For 3 patients with no sufficient symptoms to diagnose CBGD, the pattern of glucose metabolism was characteristically asymmetrical. A probable diagnosis of CBGD was made in these patients. Our results suggest that routine visual inspection of a cerebral FDG-PET scan is a useful tool to confirm suspicion of the clinical diagnosis of probable CBGD, to differentiate from other hypokinetic-rigid syndromes, and to support a diagnosis CBGD in patients who do not (yet) sufficiently fulfill the clinical criteria.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Bronchial artery perfusion scintigraphy to assess bronchial artery blood flow after lung transplantation.

UNLABELLED: The bronchial arterial system is inevitably interrupted in transplanted lungs when removing the organs from the donor, but it can be reestablished by direct bronchial artery revascularization (BAR) during implantation. The purpose of this study was to visualize and quantify the distribution of bronchial artery perfusion after en bloc double lung transplantation with BAR, by injecting radiolabeled macroaggregated albumin directly into the bronchial artery system. METHODS: BAR was performed using the internal mammary artery as conduit. Patients were imaged 1 mo (n = 13) or 2 y (n = 9) after en bloc double lung transplantation with BAR. Immediately after bronchial arteriography, 100 MBq macroaggregated albumin (45,000 particles) were injected through the arteriographic catheter. Gamma camera studies were then acquired in the anterior position. At the end of imaging, with the patient remaining in exactly the same position, 81mKr-ventilation scintigraphy or conventional intravenous pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy or both were performed. Images were evaluated by visual analysis, and a semiquantitative assessment of the bronchial arterial supply to the peripheral parts of the lungs was obtained with conventional pulmonary scintigraphy. RESULTS: The bronchial artery scintigraphic images showed that the major part of the bronchial arterial flow supplied central thoracic structures, but bronchial artery perfusion could also be demonstrated in the peripheral parts of the lungs when compared with conventional pulmonary scintigraphy. There were no differences between scintigrams obtained from patients studied 1 mo and 2 y post-transplantation. CONCLUSION: Total distribution of bronchial artery supply to the human lung has been visualized in lung transplant patients. This study demonstrates that this nutritive flow reaches even the most peripheral parts of the lungs and is present 1 mo as well as 2 y after lung transplantation. The results suggest that bronchial artery revascularization may be of significance for the long-term status of the lung transplant.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Global and regional functional measurements with gated FDG PET in comparison with left ventriculography.

The purpose of this study was to validate the measurement of global and regional left ventricular cardiac function with ECG-gated fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) by comparison with the corresponding indices from X-ray left ventriculography (LVG). Twenty-six patients (23 men, 3 women, mean age 60.4 years) underwent LVG and ECG-gated (eight frames/cycle) FDG-PET within an interval of 10.2+/-6.8 days. A volumetric sampling approach was used to obtain both global (EF: ejection fraction) and regional [%WT: relative regional count increase from end-diastolic (ED) to end-systolic (ES) phase] functional parameters. The gated PET parameters were compared with the corresponding findings of LVG in seven myocardial segments. EF(gated PET) and EF(LVG) did not differ significantly (30%+/-10% vs 32%+/-10%, P=NS). The two EF values correlated significantly, showing no significant systematic measurement bias [EF(gated PET) = 2.61+0.86 x EF(LVG), R=0.84, P<0.0001]. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility for EF were R=0.95, P<0.0001 and R=0.92, P<0.0001, respectively. Regional function was evaluated with LVG in 144 myocardial segments comprising 35 normokinetic, 70 hypokinetic and 39 a/dyskinetic segments. Visual analysis of LVG and gated PET correlated significantly (P<0.001), with an overall concordance ratio of 58% (83/144, kappa=0.35). Gated PET overestimated the regional function in 27% (39/144) and underestimated it in 15% (22/144). %WT showed significant differences between each pair of groups (a/dyskinesis, 13.2%+/-9.3%; hypokinesis, 17.1%+/-8.8%; normokinesis, 21.8%+/-10.9%). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was significant for %WT (R=0.77, P<0.0001 and R=0.79, P<0.0001, respectively). In conclusion, gated FDG PET permits assessment of global left ventricular cardiac function. In addition, assessment of regional function is feasible using the visual or the quantitative parameters.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Evidence for correlation of objective and subjective measures of nasal airflow in patients with common cold.

OBJECTIVES: To utilize posterior rhinomanometry and conductance, as units of measurement, to further investigate the relationship between subjective and objective measures of nasal airflow. DESIGN: A prospective, observational study. SETTING: Common Cold Research Centre. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty healthy volunteers from the staff and student population of Cardiff University with an upper respiratory tract infection. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: To determine correlations between visual analogue scores (VAS) and posterior rhinomanometry for total, unilateral, high and low conductance groups. RESULTS: No correlation was found between total VAS and total conductance (r = 0.17, P = 0.10). A substantially significant correlation was found between unilateral VAS and unilateral conductance (rho = 0.50, P < 0.001). The unilateral VAS and conductance were highly correlated for the low total conductance group (rho = 0.61, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior rhinomanometry allows actual measurement of the combined and unilateral conductance of nasal passages. The units of conductance, as opposed to resistance, allow totally obstructed nasal passages to be included in analysis. Visual analogue scores and conductance correlate strongly in unilateral measures for participants with a low total nasal conductance. Posterior rhinomanometry and units of conductance are recommended for future studies investigating the relationship between objective and subjective measures of nasal airflow.

Common Cold↗

PubMed1998

Fluorescence-based analysis of DNA ploidy and cell proliferation within fine-needle samplings of breast tumors: a new approach using automated image cytometry.

BACKGROUND: Automated image cytometry can allow concurrent quantification of several parameters in each individual cell within a population, opening new possibilities for diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, the authors investigated the capacity of this method for performing a bivariate analysis of DNA ploidy and synthesis in fine-needle samplings obtained without aspiration from breast tumors. METHODS: Samplings from 25 unselected cases of ductal infiltrative breast adenocarcinoma and 2 cases of fibroadenoma were analyzed. For each case, 3-5 slides (containing approximately 1000 cells each) were quantified to assess experimental precision. Ploidy was determined by fluorescent staining of DNA using 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Contaminating lymphocytes were taken as internal controls to calculate DNA indices. DNA synthesis was analyzed by immunofluorescent detection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Measurements were compared with flow cytometric data obtained from the same patients. RESULTS: Relative error in determination of DNA indices was generally below 5%. Determination of proliferation indices were more variable, with a mean relative error of 25%. Two different populations of BrdU positive cells were detected systematically, one in the diploid and another in the aneuploid fraction. For both cytometric methods, DNA indices were similar in all 27 cases, whereas BrdU labeling indices showed no significant correlation in 13 cases. The remaining cases were not comparable due to lack of flow cytometric data. Labeling indices obtained by image cytometry did not reveal any significant correlation with Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading or clinical staging. CONCLUSIONS: Automated image cytometry allows concurrent measurement of ploidy and cell proliferation within individual breast carcinoma cells. Statistical reliability can be reached with a relative small number of cells (1000), which is crucial for samples in which the cell number is too low for flow cytometry analysis. Visual control for artifact elimination and better characterization of cell populations makes this a powerful tool for tumor cell investigation. Automated image cytometry allows the obtainment of valuable prognostic parameters of traditional flow cytometry with the relatively small number of cells obtained in aspiration procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Potential pitfalls of visualization of myocardial perfusion by myocardial contrast echocardiography with harmonic gray scale B-mode and power Doppler imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The present study compared the regional variation of myocardial signal intensity in visualizing myocardial perfusion by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) between harmonic gray scale and power Doppler imaging. METHODS: MCE was performed in 12 patients by electrocardiographic (ECG)-gated intermittent triggered MCE with harmonic gray scale and power Doppler imaging following slow intravenous injection of 0.5 ml contrast agent (Optison). The interval between the ECG triggers (pulsing interval) was increased from every heart beat (1:1) to every 2 (1:2), 4 (1:4), and 8 (1:8) cardiac cycles to allow incremental microbubble (contrast agent) replenishment. The MCE images were recorded when attenuation produced by the left ventricular cavity was minimal. The background-subtracted videointensity was measured in 7 segments in an apical 4-chamber view: 3 (apical, mid, and basal) septal segments, 3 (apical, mid, and basal) lateral segments, and 1 apex segment (apical cap). RESULTS: The background-subtracted videointensity for each segment was greater with the power Doppler than the gray scale imaging (p < 0.01). With the gray scale imaging, the background-subtracted videointensity in the basal septal segment demonstrated a negative value at all pulsing intervals, and the value (-9 +/- 13) was significantly lower than that (22 +/- 20) in the apical lateral segment at a pulsing interval of 1:8 (p < 0.01). With power Doppler imaging, the background-subtracted videointensity was high even in the basal septal segment (112 +/- 33), and no significant difference was observed among each segment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion based upon background-subtracted video-intensity may be difficult in the far field with harmonic gray scale imaging although the attenuation is not apparent by visual analysis. Harmonic power Doppler is more sensitive for detecting basilar perfusion in the far field compared with harmonic gray scale imaging.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Long-term effects of kwashiorkor on the electroencephalogram.

The long-term effects of kwashiorkor on the electroencephalogram were assessed by means of computer analysis techniques. The experimental group, consisting of 30 black children, 6 to 12 years old, hospitalized for the treatment of kwashiorkor during the first 27 months of life, was age-matched with three control groups. These were a group of siblings and of yardmates, neither of whom had been exposed to acute infantile malnutrition, and a very high socioeconomic group of white children. The results revealed significantly less alpha activity and more slow-wave activity in the electroencephalogram of the kwashiokor group than in those of the control groups. These findings confirmed previous results based on visual analysis procedures.

Alpha Rhythm↗

PubMed1997

DNA content and thymidine labeling index correlate with prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

The prognostic value of proliferative activity was determined in 48 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Tumor samples were obtained during surgery: DNA content was determined by static cytometry with an image analysis program, and cell kinetics were analyzed by the in vitro thymidine labeling index (T-LI). The DNA content analysis visualized a diploid cellular population in 32 cases and an aneuploid cellular population in 16 cases. The DNA content was not significantly related to the sex and the age of the patients or the TN stage of the tumors, but to histological grade (p = 0.03). Similarly significant correlation was found between T-LI and age of the patients, indeed the median value was higher in patients older than 59 (p = 0.024). T-LI was not related to the sex of the patients, or to the histological grade or the TN stage of the tumors. In multivariate analysis, using the Cox model, T-LI was the most important prognostic parameter (p = 0.015), superior to DNA content (p = 0.021) and to TN stage (p = 0.047; p = 0.043). From the data obtained in this study it can be concluded that evaluation of DNA content and thymidine labeling index in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx may be new independent parameters of prognosis and may contribute to optimal and individualized therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Composition and topographic organization of signals sent from the frontal eye field to the superior colliculus.

The frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus (SC) contribute to saccadic eye movement generation, and much of the FEF's oculomotor influence may be mediated through the SC. The present study examined the composition and topographic organization of signals flowing from FEF to SC by recording from FEF neurons that were antidromically activated from rostral or caudal SC. The first and most general result was that, in a sample of 88 corticotectal neurons, the types of signals relayed from FEF to SC were highly diverse, reflecting the general population of signals within FEF rather than any specific subset of signals. Second, many neurons projecting from FEF to SC carried signals thought to reflect cognitive operations, namely tonic discharges during the delay period of a delayed-saccade task (delay signals), elevated discharges during the gap period of a gap task (gap increase signals), or both. Third, FEF neurons discharging during fixation were found to project to the SC, although they did not project preferentially to rostral SC, where similar fixation neurons are found. Neurons that did project preferentially to the rostral SC were those with foveal visual responses and those pausing during the gap period of the gap task. Many of the latter neurons also had foveal visual responses, presaccadic pauses in activity, and postsaccadic increases in activity. These two types of rostral-projecting neurons therefore may contribute to the activity of rostral SC fixation neurons. Fourth, conduction velocity was used as an indicator of cell size to correct for sampling bias. The outcome of this correction procedure suggested that among the most prevalent neurons in the FEF corticotectal population are those carrying putative cognitive-related signals, i.e., delay and gap increase signals, and among the least prevalent are those carrying presaccadic burst discharges but lacking peripheral visual responses. Fifth, corticotectal neurons carrying various signals were biased topographically across the FEF. Neurons with peripheral visual responses but lacking presaccadic burst discharges were biased laterally, neurons with presaccadic burst discharges but lacking peripheral visual responses were biased medially, and neurons carrying delay or gap increase signals were biased dorsally. Finally, corticotectal neurons were distributed within the FEF as a function of their visual or movement field eccentricity and projected to the SC such that eccentricity maps in both structures were closely aligned. We conclude that the FEF most likely influences the activity of SC neurons continuously from the start of fixation, through visual analysis and cognitive manipulations, until a saccade is generated and fixation begins anew. Furthermore, the projection from FEF to SC is highly topographically organized in terms of function at both its source and its termination.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Radionuclide assessment of the effects of chest physical therapy on ventilation in cystic fibrosis.

This study assesses the use of krypton 81m scintigraphy as a measurement tool in evaluating the effectiveness of bronchial drainage with percussion and vibration on peripheral ventilation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Ten patients with cystic fibrosis participated. Each patient underwent a krypton 81m ventilation study and traditional pulmonary function tests. Forty-five minutes later, these studies were repeated before and after a chest physical therapy treatment. Each patient acted as his own control. All krypton 81m scintiscans were recorded and analyzed visually and numerically using a digital computer to assess distribution of ventilation. Visual analysis of the scintiscans indicated individual variation in treatment response: in some patients ventilation improved with therapy; in others, no change was noted; still others had changes independent of treatment. Numerical data derived from the scintiscans and pulmonary function tests showed no important differences among the three studies of each patient. Airway abnormalities characteristic of cystic fibrosis, progression of the disease, sputum production, or a combination of these factors may account for the individual variation in response to treatment. Krypton 81m scintigraphy is a reliable measure of regional ventilation and should be useful for assessing the efficacy of chest physical therapy because of the consistent, high quality visual data retrieved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

FISH-mapping of rDNAs and Arabidopsis BACs on pachytene complements of selected Brassicas.

To improve resolution of physical mapping on Brassica chromosomes, we have chosen the pachytene stage of meiosis where incompletely condensed bivalents are much longer than their counterparts at mitotic metaphase. Mapping with 5S and 45S rDNA sequences demonstrated the advantage of pachytene chromosomes in efficient physical mapping and confirmed the presence of a novel 5S rDNA locus in Brassica oleracea, initially identified by genetic mapping using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis visualized the presence of the third 5S rDNA locus on the long arm of chromosome C2 and confirmed the earlier reports of two 45S rDNA loci in the B. oleracea genome. FISH mapping of low-copy sequences from the Arabidopsis thaliana bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on the B. oleracea chromosomes confirmed the expectation of efficient and precise physical mapping of meiotic bivalents based on data available from A. thaliana and indicated conserved organization of these two BAC sequences on two B. oleracea chromosomes. Based on the heterologous in situ hybridization with BACs and their mapping applied to long pachytene bivalents, a new approach in comparative analysis of Brassica and A. thaliana genomes is discussed.

Arabidopsis↗