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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Evolution of sewage sludge regulations in Europe.

The shape of sewage sludge regulation in Europe is outlined as it undergoes a period of rapid evolution. The overall governing policy is embodied in European Directive ED91/156, the Waste Basis Directive, which sets general parameters for waste management. Descriptions are given of the terms of the more specific directives that apply to the major routes for sludge management: land application, composting incineration, and landfill.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed2001

[Feasibility of the use of degraded inedible biomass of plants as a nutrient liquid for hydroponic cultivation].

Objective. To demonstrate that the recycled liquid, which originated from lettuce inedible biomass degraded by fixed microorganism (correction of microorgannism) and enzyme, can be used as a nutrient solution for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. Method. After biologically degrading the weighted, oven-dried and milled leaves and roots of lettuce in a biological reactor under aerobic condition, the original effluent and its supplemented effluent were used as nutrients for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. Result. The average dried weight (ADW) of lettuce from the original effluent group was approximately half of that from the control group, and the ADW from supplemented effluent group was about equal to that from the control group; some qualities of the lettuce such as a relatively lower content of NO3- from both the original effluent group and the supplemented effluent one improved, and some of those such as a relatively higher content of NO2- dropped. Conclusion. The biologically-degraded effluent was able to be used as nutrient solution for lettuce hydroponic cultivation, although the effects of the inorganic ion-supplemented effluent were much better; the plants of lettuce from the biologically-degraded effluent were safely edible.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2002

[Environmental and occupational problems in the utilization of industrial and home waste].

One of the acute hygienic problems of today is handling industrial and consumer wastes stored in Russia in the amount of 30 milliard tons; 30 million of solid garbage and 120 million tons of industrial wastes being formed. There are 4 garbage-handling and 10 garbage disposal plants built in the country. A third of them don't operate now. An absence of the initial selection in garbage collection causes the situation when only 3% of solid garbage is being processed. There is no state unified wastes recycling and utilizing system, no training of personnel to work out special technologies and do this work. Special attention should be given to medical wastes dangerous for the epidemiological situation, since they contain pathogenic microorganisms and helminth eggs; they may as well be contaminated by toxic and radioactive chemicals. A complex solution of the problems of industrial and consumer wastes handling is of vital importance for human health protection and protection of environment.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed1992

12 cost-cutting measures. Hospitals use creative ideas to gain control of expenses.

With operating costs ever rising and reimbursements ever tightening, hospitals are looking for ways to cut costs at every turn. The good news is that there are a lot of innovative, imaginative approaches being tried in every area of hospital operations--approaches that don't require massive financial investment, organizational restructuring, or teams of outside consultants. The examples we've found through talking with hospitals across the country are a fair sample of the types of opportunities out there. They range across the entire hospital, from the laboratory to the pharmacy to nursing to waste management to the medical staff to the operating suite. In other words, something for everyone.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2004

Staff education about environment starts day 1.

Part of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center's core mission is to be a good environmental steward. New employees are given a personal tour of waste management center. An environmental rep sits in on value and analysis committee meetings.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2004

Endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment: the Austrian approach--ARCEM.

A consortium of Austrian scientists (ARCEM) carried out a multidisciplinary environmental study on Austrian surface and ground waters including chemical monitoring, bioindication, risk assessment and risk management for selected endocrine disrupters: 17beta-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol ethoxylates (4-NP1EO, 4-NP2EO) and their degradation products, ocytlphenol, ocytlphenol ethoxylates (OP1EO, OP2EO) as well as bisphenol A. To obtain data representative for Austria, a material flow analysis served to select relevant compounds and water samples were collected monthly over one year at those sites routinely used in Austrian water quality control. The following results were obtained and conclusions drawn: 1. Chemical monitoring: As compared to other countries, relatively low levels of pollution with endocrine disrupters were detected. 2. Bioindication: In the surface waters under study, male fish showed significant signs of feminization and demasculinization (increased production of the egg-yolk protein and histological changes of the gonads. 3. Risk assessment: For humans, exposure via either drinking water abstraction (ground water) or fish consumption was considered. The exposure levels of the compounds under study were below those considered to result in human health risks. Likewise, for bisphenol A and octylphenols, there was no indication for risk posed upon the aquatic environment (fish). However, nonylphenol or 17alpha-ethinylestradiol exposure along with results of bioindication (2) suggest a borderline estrogenic activity in a considerable number of surface waters. Consequently the emissions of these substances into the surface waters affected have to be reduced. 4. Risk management: Waste water treatment experiments revealed a positive correlation between the removal rate of endocrine disrupters from the waste water and the sludge retention time in the treatment plants. These substances are removed to a higher extend at low loaded plants designed for nutrient removal than at plants that remove carbon and/or employ nitrification only. As to drinking water treatment, chlorine dioxide and ozone were found to eliminate all investigated substances, except nonylphenol ethoxylates. (For the complete study see: www.arcem.at)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Present-day hygienic aspects of dealing with industrial and consumption waste].

The article covers scientific hygienic positions in forming and solving the acute scientific and technical problem of dealing with waste. The given problem is topical due to growing amount and diversity of waste and relatively small knowledge of ecological, medical and biological aspects of the problem. The paper covers the entire "life cycle" of waste, chiefly industrial and communal, as the most diverse and potentially dangerous to the environment. Special attention is paid to neutralization and recycling of waste for its application as secondary material in various branches of national economy. Having critically analized the results of complex studies, the authors conclude the article with outlining the prospective tasks of research for scientific and practical institutions of sanitary surveillance of Russian Federation Ministry of Health.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

[Topical problems of society's waste handling].

The fact that the volume of waste steadily grows, makes its handling one of the most topical scientific, technical, and socioeconomic problems in the world. The article covers important ecological and hygienic problems of waste handling and the effects of waste of human health.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

[Protection against electromagnetic fields reports effects exerted on the environment].

This paper presents basic information about reports on the effects exterted on the environment. These reports are elaborated to meet the needs of administrative procedures concerning the evaluation of effects exerted on the environment and provide the basis on which decisions are made whether environmental determinants allow for issuing permission for taking up a given enterprise. The author discusses only a small part of a wider problem of the report formulation. Such issues as waste management, protection against noise, conservation of historical monuments and Natura 2000 areas are not raised.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aerobic processing of the organic wastes into compost].

The review is devoted to modern achievement in area of the aerobic processing of the organic wastes in compost for improvement of an ecological condition of the environment and purposeful use at intensification of an agriculture. The methods of reception and characteristic of products of microbiological transformation household, agricultural and industrial wastes are considered.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2006

[Study on recovery of copper from waste printed wiring boards by electrostatic separation].

Recovery of Cu from waste printed wiring boards (PWBs) was studied by crushers and electrostatic separator. The results of pulverizing experiment show that liberation degree of metal is higher in grain size -0.9 + 0.074 mm, the product of this grain size can be used as raw material in electrostatic separation. The main factors that influence electrostatic separation are found by dynamic analysis of particles in course of electrostatic separation, it conclude electrode voltage, roller rotate speed, electric coronary polar distance and granularity of particles. The -0.9 + 0.074 mm pulverizing product is separated through single stage electrostatic separation after optimizing influence factors. Result shows that the enrichment condition of Cu in fine material is good, Cu could be concentrated from 32.0% to 63.6%, and recovery ratio is 78.7%.

Copper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Habitability and biological life support systems for man].

This paper discusses general concepts and specific details of the habitability of space stations and planetary bases completely isolated from the Earth for long periods of time. It emphasizes inadequacy of the present-day knowledge about natural conditions that provide a biologically acceptable environment on the Earth as well as lack of information about life support systems as a source of consumables (oxygen, water, food) and a tool for waste management. The habitability of advanced space vehicles is closely related to closed bioregenerative systems used as life support systems.

Ecological Systems, Closed↗
PubMed1986

Documentation of safe work practices in the clinical laboratory.

The safety manual supplemented by explicit safety statements in the laboratory procedure manual should specify the hazards and containment methods for personnel. Control of fire hazards, biohazards, and chemical hazards are specifically addressed along with waste management and radionuclide consideration. Suggestions for incorporation of safety training into the laboratory's continuing education program are provided.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1995

Radiation safety training program at the National Institutes of Health.

At the U.S. Public Health Service's National Institutes of Health (NIH), one of the world's largest biomedical and clinical research institutions, 70 to 80% of all research is performed using radiation or radioactive materials. To maintain a safe environment and minimize risks to the health and safety of the employees, patients, visitors, and the surrounding community, a radiation protection program is required. Under U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses and NIH policies, the Radiation Safety Branch (RSB), Division of Safety, administers a comprehensive radiation safety program covering over 3,500 NIH laboratories and some 7,000 laboratory and ancillary staff workers. The NIH radiation protection program provides for the effective supervision, control, and monitoring of all radioactive materials and radiation sources at NIH. This includes activities such as radiation exposure monitoring, laboratory inspections, waste management, consulting, environmental monitoring, and training. Training is considered an integral part of the radiation safety program. RSB offers an extensive training program with over 20 different training courses each year. For example, in 1993 some 6,700 employees attended 243 classes.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk perception differences in a community with a municipal solid waste incinerator.

Using a community model of risk perception, we conducted an environmental risk perception survey in a community with an operating municipal solid waste incinerator to further understanding of community responses to technology perceived as "hazardous". The specific aims of the survey were to study attitudes to waste management (incineration in particular) and to identify sociological attributes which help shape community attitudes to the facility. Approximately one third of the community were unaware of the incinerator. Those unaware gave lower desirability ratings to incinerator technology than the aware group. About half of the aware group were concerned about the facility and rated the incinerator in the same way as those who were unaware; however, the remainder (the unconcerned) appear to have accepted the incinerator. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that informing the public about technology perceived as hazardous may not lead to alarm, but may in fact increase acceptance.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1996

[Problems and outlook for animal production in the aquatic environment].

The major source of aquatic animal production is based on fisheries. Currently, a significant portion of the fishery resources is used for non-food purposes. One of the first steps towards rational exploitation of the natural fishery resources should be to limit such abuse and address the needs of an increasing global population. The challenge for the fishery industry is to develop methods for early and reliable prediction of stock availability and fluctuations in order to maintain a sustainable supply. With the continuing decline in fishery resources, aquaculture is slowly becoming an interesting alternative for the supply of animal protein of high nutritional value. Aquaculture, like any other human activity can have adverse effects on the environment. In this context, the semi-intensive farming systems prevailing in the tropical areas should be encouraged, substantiating them with scientific knowledge on the nutrient flow in such confined ecosystems. In some instances of intensive culture systems, progress has been made in aquaculture waste management by applying adequate nutritional strategies. Such an approach should be extended to other cultured species. Be it production for profit or production for food, sustainable aquatic animal production is intimately connected with all human activities, in as much as all these activities invariably have an effect on water quality. Hence, greater consideration is needed towards a general strategy of protecting the aquatic ecosystem at all levels.

Aquaculture↗
PubMed1997

[Conventional and alternative types of animal carcass disposal].

The paper gives a short overview over the historical development of knacher's yard trade to industrial meat production and explains present rendering law in Germany in view of EU legislation. The different ways of carcass disposal are described mentioning conventional rendering possibilities as well as alternative procedures.

Animals↗