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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Blood-brain barrier targeting of BDNF improves motor function in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Intravenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) causes a 65-70% reduction in stroke volume in rats with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), provided the BDNF is conjugated to a blood-brain barrier (BBB) molecular Trojan horse. The latter may be a peptidomimetic monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the transferrin receptor. The present studies determine whether the effects on stroke volume correlate with an improvement in neuro-behavior using the rotarod test. The rotarod latency was >200 s at 16 RPM in all rats pre-MCAO. The latency was 30+/-7 s and 103+/-9 s at 24 h post-MCAO in the animals treated with BDNF alone and the BDNF-MAb conjugate, respectively. These studies show that when BDNF is formulated to enable transport across the BBB, the intravenous administration of the neurotrophin results in a reduction in stroke volume that is associated with a parallel improvement in functional outcome.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Altered motor function and graft survival produced by basic fibroblast growth factor in rats with 6-OHDA lesions and fetal ventral mesencephalic grafts are associated with glial proliferation.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes the survival and growth of dopaminergic neurons. We have investigated the effect of treating fetal ventral mesencephalon with bFGF or nerve growth factor (NGF) on the subsequent survival and function of grafted dopaminergic neurons implanted into the striatum of rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion. Animals implanted with fetal ventral mesencephalon mixed with bFGF, but not with NGF, displayed more rapid compensation in motor behavior up to 9 weeks after graft implantation. bFGF, but not NGF, produced an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, a larger graft volume, and longer neurite outgrowth in comparison to control grafts. bFGF also increased the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes within the grafts. The increased number of GFAP-positive astrocytes induced by bFGF correlated with the increase in the number of TR-positive neurons, with graft volume and with neurite outgrowth. These findings support the use of bFGF to promote the functional integration of fetal ventral mesencephalon grafts into the denervated host brain and and suggest that its action may be indirectly mediated through glial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The benzodiazepine receptor partial agonist Ro 19-8022 suppresses generalized seizures without impairing motor functions in developing rats.

The action of a partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist Ro 19-8022 [(R)-1-[(10-chloro-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-benzo[a]quinolizin-1-yl)carbo nyl] -2-pyrrolidine-methanol] in doses from 0.01 to 150 mg/kg was studied using motor seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in rats 7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were suppressed in all age groups, the three youngest groups being more sensitive than older animals. The highest dose of Ro 19-8022 did not exhibit anticonvulsant action in the 25-day-old rats. The other types of seizures (minimal clonic) induced by PTZ were suppressed by Ro 19-8022 only in 18-day-old and older rats in which PTZ reliably elicited these types of seizures. The doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg were ineffective against minimal seizures. On the contrary, incidence of minimal seizures was significantly increased by Ro 19-8022 in 7-and 12-day-old rat pups. Motor performance of rat pups was not compromised by Ro 19-8022 (0.5 and 50 mg/kg) in contrast to the full agonist midazolam (1 and/or 2 mg/kg). The duration of anticonvulsant effects studied with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg was longer in 12-day-old than in adult rats. This dose of Ro 19-8022 resulted in a rebound proconvulsant effect 24 and 48 h after the administration in 12-day-old rats only. Ro 19-8022 exhibited an excellent anticonvulsant action especially against generalized tonic-clonic seizures; this action was lost with very high doses. It did not compromise the motor system, but in some tests motivation was probably lost.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

Transient hypolocomotion in rats repeatedly exposed to phencyclidine: an appraisal of motor function and motivation.

Spontaneous locomotion in rats is reduced about 20 h following phencyclidine (PCP) exposure. Our primary purpose was to test if locomotor irregularities would outlast drug withdrawal and be modulated by a periodic auditory stimulation during or after repeated injections. To circumscribe plausible interpretations, motor coordination and motivation were assessed as well. 10 mg/kg of PCP decreased spontaneous locomotion during the injection period whether or not a sound was presented. Those effects did not persist after a 7-day washout. Motor coordination and motivation to perform a variety of goal-driven conducts in the presence or absence of reinforcement were all unaffected by PCP treatment. The generalized hypolocomotor effects induced by PCP likely resulted from an inability to self-generate behaviors. These deficiencies were apparent in contexts where response production was not clearly specified nor supported, regardless of reward contingency.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Psychoactive medication use, sensori-motor function and falls in older women.

1. A 1 year prospective study was undertaken to identify possible mediating physiological mechanisms for the association between psychoactive medication use and falls in 414 women aged 65 to 99 years (mean age 73.7 years, s.d. = 6.3) who were randomly selected from the community. 2. Women taking certain psychoactive medications showed impaired performance in a number of sensori-motor measures, including tactile sensitivity, lower limb muscle strength, reaction time and balance control compared with women not taking these medications. Those using psychoactive medications were also comparatively inactive--taking part in only 1.1 h of planned exercise per week compared with 2.6 h for non-users (F = 12.44, df = 1,412, P < 0.01). 3. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that use of long-acting benzodiazepines (OR = 7.03, 95% CI = 2.12-23.28) and antidepressants (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.00-8.02) was significantly associated with multiple falls, whilst adjusting for age, other drug category use, frequency of alcohol use, and number of medical conditions. Use of any two psychoactive medications was also significantly associated with falling frequency (Chi-square = 13.91, df = 1, P < 0.01). 4. Path analysis revealed a significant direct association (P < 0.001) between psychoactive medication use and falls, and a significant indirect association mediated via reduced physiological functioning (P < 0.001). Postural hypotension was not significantly associated with falls (RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.84-2.22). 5. The findings suggest that psychoactive medication use may predispose older people to falling by impairing important sensori-motor systems that contribute to postural stability.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1975

Dose effects of smoked marihuana on human cognitive and motor functions.

Graded doses of marihuana were administered to five adults in a longitudinal repeated-measurements design. Speed of response was the basic parameter measured accross tests of increasing cognitive involvement. Marihuana produced significant dose-response effects of impaired performance in all test scores. However, single automatic motor abilities demonstrated greater sensitivity than tests of greater complexity. Evidence is presented for tolerance development.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oral motor functioning, frequency of swallowing and drooling in normal children and in children with cerebral palsy.

Attempts to eliminate drooling in children with cerebral palsy have ranged from speech therapy to radical surgery. Drooling primarily results from an overflow of saliva from the mouth due to dysfunctional voluntary oral motor activity, improper swallowing, or oral sphincter deficits and rarely from hypersalivation. A study was undertaken to determine typical orofacial electromyographic patterns and swallowing frequencies of normal children and children with cerebral palsy with oral involvement who do, and who do not drool, as well as to determine the correlation between swallowing frequency and drooling rate. Results suggest that drooling in the pediatric cerebral palsy population is caused by both inefficient and infrequent swallowing.

Adolescent↗