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PubMed2004

[Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotype among population of Dong, Miao minority and Han in Guizhou].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in population of Dong, Miao minority and Han in Guizhou. METHODS: S region nucleotides were compared in 127 strains whole sequence of HBV and three restriction enzymes which can be used for genotyping were found by DNA software analysis system. The partial gene fragment of HBV S region was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The products were digested with Mbo I, BstN I or BsmA I and subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gel, respectively. The patterns of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were analysed. The genotypes were determined by nPCR-RFLP in 166 asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), including 48 Dong minority, 52 Miao minority and 66 Han subjects. Some of the ASC were also analysed by direct sequencing of PCR products. RESULTS: The nPCR-RFLP method was simple and accurate. Of the 166 ASC, 138 (83.13%) were genotype B, and 28 (16.87%) were genotype C. Of the 48 Dong minority subjects, 47 (97.2%) were genotype B and 1 (2.08%) was type C. Of the 52 Miao minority subjects, 49 (94.23%) were genotype B and 3 (5.77%) were genotype C. Of the 66 Han subjects, 42 (63.64%) were genotype B and 24 (36.36%) were genotype C. There was a statistical significance in the distribution of genotype C between Dong, Miao minority and Han (7.85% vs 36.36% P less than 0.005). CONCLUSION: Genotype B and C exist in Guizhou and genotype B is the major genotype. Genotype C is found more frequently in Han than in Dong and Miao minority.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Hubei province and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus genotype in Hubei province (China) and its clinical significance. METHODS: Serum samples from 190 HBV DNA positive patients with chronic HBV infection,including 52 asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), 56 chronic hepatitis (CH), 32 fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 22 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 28 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were collected and tested for HBV genotypes by type-specific primers. RESULTS: A simple and precise genotyping system based on PCR using type-specific primers was developed for the determination of genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Of the 190 patients, 140 (73.7%) were genotype B and 42 (22.1%) were genotype C. Genotype B was more prevalent in the FHF and HCC patients than in the ASC patients; the ALT value was significantly higher in genotype B than in genotype C patients. The rate of anti-HBe was significantly higher in genotype B than in genotype C except in the patients of the ASC group. CONCLUSION: The system we used seems to be a useful tool for the molecular diagnosis of HBV infection and for large-scale surveys. Genotype B, genotype C and BC combination exist in Hubei province, and genotype B is the major genotype in this area especially in FHF and HCC patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

An overview of federal laws and regulations governing ownership in and reimbursement for ambulatory surgical centers.

This article has addressed certain of the key federal regulatory schemes governing ASCs with which owners and operators of ASCs should be familiar. In addition to the regulatory schemes addressed herein, we encourage owners and operators of ASCs to familiarize themselves with other critical requirements such as those relating to antitrust issues, taxation issues and state requirements regarding licensure, certification, ownership arrangements, and reimbursement.

Ownership↗

PubMed1992

[Aortic dissection associated with Turner's syndrome].

We report two cases of Turner's syndrome who had had coarctation repair and who ultimately died from complications believed to be associated with Turner's stigmata. Case 1. The repair of coarctation of the aorta (Co/Ao) at age 5 was associated with the tear of the aortic wall and an Asc. Ao-Desc. Ao bypass together with the closure of the Ao proximal to the Co/Ao was performed. At age 10, she developed a dissecting aneurysm of the Asc. Ao seemingly unrelated to the previous surgery and the Asc. Ao was replaced by a prosthetic tube graft. Pathological diagnosis was cystic medionecrosis. The aortic valve was bicuspid. Subsequently, the patient showed progressive worsening of the aortic regurgitation. The aortic valve replacement at age 14 was complicated by significant bleeding and the patient died on the fifth postoperative day. Case 2. Co/Ao was repaired at age 8. During the operation, the aortic wall appeared to be thin and friable, and there was some tear of the posterior suture line which necessitated reanastomosis with resultant stenosis. At age 9, stenotic area was enlarged by an onlay-patch of a piece of woven Dacron arterial graft. There was gradual swelling of that area on routine x-ray examinations and an aortography at age 16 showed definite aneurysm formation. At age 18, she suddenly developed hemoptysis. Rupture of the aneurysm into the pleural cavity and the left lung was suspected. An emergency surgery to stop bleeding under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was unsuccessful and the patient died in OR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aortic Dissection↗

PubMed2005

Are patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome appropriate candidates for the ambulatory surgical center?

Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) provide surgical care for patients not requiring hospital admission for their postoperative care. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disease process affecting every phase of anesthesia care delivery. The potential complications of OSAS and anesthesia care have been well documented in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phases. Patients with OSAS undergoing procedures at ASCs may be at increased risk because they are discharged to home. The influence of residual anesthetics, analgesia, airway edema, and disruption of sleep cycles may result in significant postoperative apneic events in this patient population. There is a lack of studies regarding the outcomes and management of patients with OSAS in the outpatient and ASC environments. Until there are more studies defining the risk and outlining safe and appropriate care for these patients, it would seem reasonable to remain conservative in our approach because the negative outcomes in this population can be catastrophic.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed2005

[Clinical study on treatment of obsessive compulsive neurosis by acupoint stimulating control].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of acupoint stimulating control (ASC) in treating obsessive compulsive neurosis. METHODS: The comparative study was conducted in 65 patients with obsessive compulsive neurosis, they were divided into two groups, the 33 patients in the control group treated with chlorimipramine and the 32 in the tested group treated with ASC. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse reaction were assessed according to the standard for clinical efficacy evaluation by Yale-Brown scale for obsession (Y-BOCS)and adverse reaction scale. RESULTS: The curative rate and markedly effective rate in the control group was 24.2% (8/33) and 27.3% (19/33), which in the tested group was 37.5% (12/32) and 34.4% (11/32) respectively. Significant difference was shown in comparison of Y-BOCS score between the two groups from the end of the 4th week of treatment (P < 0.05), indicating the efficacy in the tested group was better than that in the control group. Moreover, the occurrence of adverse reaction was higher in the control group than that in the tested group. CONCLUSION: ASC is a treatment with good effect, less adverse reaction and favourable safety superior to the treatment by chlorimipramine.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed2005

[Atypical glandular cells (AGC) on Papanicolaou smears--the great challenge of cervix screening programs].

UNLABELLED: The "grey zone" diagnostic category for glandular cells in the Bethesda System 2001 (TBS 2001) has undergone significant modification since its last version in 1991. PATIENTS: The aim of the study was to follow up patients with "atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance" (AGUS)/ "atypical glandular cells" (AGC), and adenocarcinoma cytological interpretation, based on a three-year material between 2000-2002 at the Department of Cytopathology of National Institute of Oncology, Hungary. The smears were reviewed and interpreted according to TBS 2001. Histological slides were reviewed and cytohistologic correlations were investigated. RESULTS: Out of 36193 conventional Papanicolaou smears, there were 276 AGC-NOS (AGUS, favour reactive in TBS1991) and 7 AGC-favour neoplastic (AGUS, favour neoplastic in TBS 1991) (altogether 0.78%) and 35 (0.1%) adenocarcinoma interpretations. Histology was available in 136 (AGC-NOS: 106, AGC-favour neoplastic: 7 and adenocarcinoma: 23) cases. Among the followed 106 patients with AGC-NOS, there were 24 cases with concurrent "grey zone" squamous, ASC-US, interpretation. Clinically significant lesions were found in 5/7 (71%) of cases of the AGC-favour neoplastic group, and in 27/106 (25%) of the all AGC-NOS group, the difference is statistically significant. This ratio is 16/82 (20%) in the AGC-NOS only cases, while 11/24 (46%), in the AGC-NOS with concurrent ASC-US cases, the difference is statistically significant. The high-grade lesions were mostly squamous. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that AGC-NOS with concurrent ASC-US interpretation represent a group of potential patients with statistically significant higher risk of clinically significant (among them high-grade) lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

[Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Guizhou and analysis of clinical significance.].

BACKGROUND: To investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes in Guizhou and study the relationship between the genotype and the progression of liver disease. METHOD: Totally 693 patients with chronic HBV infection, from 4 areas of Guizhou, including 292 asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), 276 cases with chronic hepatitis (CH), 76 liver cirrhosis (LC), 49 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined. The HBV genotype was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the relationship between HBV genotype and the progression of liver disease was studied by multifactor analysis such as HBsAg positivity, HBV DNA load and ALT level. RESULTS: Of the 693 patients, 6 (0.87%), 449 (64.79%), 233 (33.62%), and 5 (0.72%) belonged to genotype A, B, C and D, respectively. There was a statistically siganificant difference in the distribution of genotype B among Kaili (96.4%), Zunye (78.79%), Duyun (76.19%) and Guiyang (53.66%) areas (P less than 0.01). Genotype C was more prevalent in Guiyang than in other three areas (45.68% vs. 23.8%, 45.68% vs. 13.13%, 45.68% vs. 3.96%, P less than 0.01, respectively). There were also statistically significant difference in distribution of genotype B and C in various stages of liver disease (P less than 0.01). Genotype B showed a decreasing trend from ASC, CH, LC to HCC and genotype C was more frequent in patients with CH (45.92%) than in those with ASC (20.6%), LC (17.17%) and HCC (16.31%). The ALT levels and the mean ages were significantly higher and older in patients with genotype C than those in genotype B. The HBeAg positivity was significantly lower in genotype C than that in genotype B (48.07% vs 61.90%, P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: Genotype A, B, C and D exist in Guizhou. Genotype B predominates and genotype C was the second common. The geographic distribution of genotype B and C are different in some areas of Guizhou. Compared with genotype B, genotype C is associated with the development of more severe liver damage.

China↗

PubMed2007

Genotype and variations in core promoter and pre-core regions are related to progression of disease in HBV-infected patients from Northern Vietnam.

Vietnam is one of the countries with a high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but there are only a few reports about relation of HBV genotypes and mutations to clinical course in Northern Vietnam. The characteristics of HBV and its relationship to clinical outcome in patients from Northern Vietnam were analyzed. Serum samples were collected from 183 HBV-infected Vietnamese patients. They were clinically categorized into 4 groups: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis (CH), and asymptomatic carriers (ASC). HBV serology, alpha-fetoprotein, HBV genotypes, HBV-DNA level and mutations in the core promoter and pre-core regions of HBV-DNA were examined. The majority of sera contained HBV genotype B (67.8%) and C (27.9%). The median age was matched between genotype B and C (38.2 vs. 42.9 years). The rates of HBeAg seroconversion and G1896A for genotype B were significantly higher than those for genotype C (P<0.05). Genotype C had a higher HBV-DNA level than genotype B. C1858 was frequent, especially in genotype C (62.7%). The most prevalent genotype in ASC and CH was genotype B. The presence of the mutation A1762T/G1764A correlated with disease progression. The triple mutation T1753C/A1762T/ G1764A was quite common and was more prevalent in LC and HCC than in CH and ASC. In Northern Vietnamese, HBV genotypes B and C were prevalent. Genotype C and mutations in the core promoter region were associated with progressive, severe liver diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Sodium ascorbate and basic fibroblast growth factor protect muscle-derived cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress.

Engraftment of muscle-derived cells (MDCs) into the urethral sphincter may cure urinary incontinence. However, poor cell survival after injection prompted us to evaluate whether 24-h preincubation with sodium ascorbate (ASC) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) prior to cell transfer improves the survival of MDCs facing oxidative stress in vitro. We examined MDCs isolated from female rats for the presence of myogenic markers and for the ability to differentiate and respond to growth factors. Isolated cells were positive for desmin, M-cadherin, and myogenin. The fusion index exceeded 29%, and Akt kinase was phosphorylated at Ser473 residue upon exposure to insulin-like growth factor 1 (100 ng/ml). We then autologously transplanted MDCs transfected with lacZ marker gene into urethral wall of the rats; 2 wk later, the urethra and caudal wall of the urinary bladder were harvested from these animals. Serial cryosections revealed that transplanted cells formed multinuclear clusters at injection sites. In addition, we found that the viability of MDCs exposed to a cytotoxic concentration of H2O2 was higher after preincubation with 0.1 mM ASC (2.6-fold), 10 ng/ml bFGF (2.9-fold), or 20 ng/ml bFGF (3.5-fold) than that after exposure to H2O2 only. We conclude that preincubation with ASC or bFGF increases the resistance of MDCs to oxidative stress in vitro. Pretreatment with either agent might be used to enhance survival of MDCs after transplantation.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Interferon-alpha/beta receptors in patients with chronic HBV infection].

We analyzed the binding of 125I-labelled IFN-alpha to peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 19 healthy controls, 25 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC), and 69 patients with HBs antigen positive chronic liver disease (CLD). Histological examination showed that of the 69 patients with CLD, 14 had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 46 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 9 had liver cirrhosis (LC). The mean number of IFN-alpha/beta receptor sites per cell totaled 1270 +/- 340 in the healthy controls, 1440 +/- 290 in AsC, and 1600 +/- 480 in CLD (with 1770 +/- 480 in CPH, 1580 +/- 490 in CAH, and 1420 +/- 410 in LC). HBV carriers had more IFN-alpha/beta receptor sites than the healthy controls (AsC: P less than 0.1, CLD: P less than 0.01). In CLD, patients with LC tended to have fewer IFN-alpha/beta receptor sites than those with CPH or CAH. The number of IFN-alpha/beta receptor sites in CLD was correlated with the HBe antigen titer (P less than 0.01), and activity of HBV-DNA polymerase (P less than 0.05). These results were suggested that IFN-alpha/beta receptor sites was higher at the HBV carrier state, and correlated with viral replication.

Carrier State↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of serotonergic and cholinergic systems in the aggression-stereotypy complex produced by amphetamine in mice.

The aggression--stereotypy complex (ASC) was produced in mice by administration of 15 mg/kg of amphetamine. The elevation of cerebral serotonin level in the mouse brain by administration of L-tryptophan or DL-5-hydroxytryptophan suppressed the aggressiveness without affecting significantly the stereotypy. Serotonin antagonists: methysergide and cyproheptadine, did not potentiate clearly the aggressive component of ASC. Cholinomimetics, pilocarpine and physostigmine, strongly suppressed the aggressive component, while a cholinolytic, scopolamine, evidently potentiated the elements of aggressive behavior. The aggressiveness observed in the ASC in the mouse receiving a large dose of amphetanine is predominantly dependent on the increase of activity of dopaminergic system, but seems to be functionally dependent also on the serotonergic and cholinergic systems.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed1987

Genes in subdivision 1B of the Drosophila melanogaster X-chromosome and their influence on neural development.

Genes within subdivision 1B of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster are known to affect the development of both the central (CNS) and the peripheral (PNS) embryonic nervous system. In this paper we describe the phenotypes of embryos hemizygous for terminal and interstitial deletions of region 1B1-1B10, and of embryos carrying different mutations in certain genes of this region. A minimum of 6 genetic functions that are involved in neural development can be defined in this region. Three of these genes, mapping to the l'sc(a gene of the achaete-scute complex, ASC),elav and vnd loci, affect major and apparently different aspects of CNS development. Two additional genes of the ASC, ac and sc alpha, also play a role in CNS development, although their participation can only be demonstrated under certain conditions. Finally, in the rightmost part of the region uncovered by the deletion Df(1)260.1, two not yet well separated functions are found to be required for embryonic CNS and compound eye development, respectively. Of these two functions, the embryonic one is similar to the ones of ac and sc alpha, and can therefore be considered as a new element of the ASC.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus aureus on the growth of rat sarcoma].

We have studied the effect upon the growth of a transplantable rat sarcoma, of an intraperitoneal inoculation of peritoneal exudate cell (PEC), spleen cells (SC) and non-adherent spleen cells (N-ASC) obtained from S. aureus previously inoculated rats and the same cells from normal rats (NPEC, NSC, NN-ASC). Inbred, adult rats were inoculated with 800 x 10(6) bacteria, killed by tyndalization. After 7 days, treated and normal animals were sacrificed and PEC, SC and N-ASC were obtained. Different groups of animals were inoculated with these cell populations. Simultaneously the rats received a s.c. inoculum of a transplantable sarcoma (S-E 100). Tumor size was measured on days 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after tumor challenge. A significant tumor growth inhibition was found with all three cell populations, but no effect was observed with normal cells. Tumor size on different days and tumor growth curves clearly demonstrate this effect. We conclude that Staphylococcus aureus inoculum as well as the cells from animals previously challenged with the bacteria induce tumor growth inhibition. The possibility that protein A of S. aureus may be involved in this phenomenon, or that the mechanism of tumor growth inhibition is mediated by an activation of different cell populations is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Lack of observable intoxication in humans with high plasma alcohol concentrations.

Judging the degree of human alcohol intoxication is an important clinical, social, and medicolegal matter. Assessing the degree of intoxication is not always easy by direct patient observation. Observational instruments have been used in forensic science, medical, and social situations in an endeavor to measure alcohol intoxication. The validity of these observational instruments must be questioned. In this study, twenty-one patients with alcohol related complaints presenting to major city emergency departments were studied using one such observational instrument, the Alcohol Symptom Checklist (ASC). Three independent emergency medicine physicians applied the criteria of ASC to the twenty-one patients and obtained a plasma alcohol concentration (PAC) for correlation purposes. Individual correlation coefficients (r = 0.182, r = 0.202, r = 0.200) and a composite correlation coefficient (r = 0.235) demonstrated lack of correlation between PAC and ASC. This lack of correlation is supported by clinical observations of experienced emergency department personnel.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Biochemical diagnosis of X chromosomal ichthyosis].

Steroid sulfatase (STS) and aryl sulfatase C (ASC) in leucocytes, as well as the electrophoretic mobility of the beta-lipoproteins, were analyzed in 34 patients with autosomal dominant ichthyosis (ADI), 18 patients with X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XRI), 7 patients with congenital nonbullous ichthyosis (CNBI), and 48 controls. The geometric means of both STS and ASC were significantly lower in the group of XRI by a factor of approximately 10. Analysis of ASC showed a clear separation of the whole group of XRI patients opposed to patients with ADI and CNBI and the controls, whereas an overlapping was observed for STS. With one exception, the clinical and biochemical diagnosis (sulfatase) was confirmed by the results of the lipoprotein electrophoresis (LPE). This case, clinically and biochemically diagnosed as XRI, exhibited normal electrophoretic mobility of beta-lipoproteins. We conclude: if the electrophoretic mobility of beta-lipoproteins is enhanced, XRI can be diagnosed; if the LPE is normal, XRI cannot be excluded; in this case, the diagnosis of XRI can be confirmed or rejected by analysis of the microsomal sulfatases.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Characterization of amino acid transport during erythroid cell differentiation.

We have studied the changes in amino acid transport in fetal erythroid cells isolated from rat fetal liver at different gestation days. Our results show that System A transport as measured by the Na+-dependent uptake of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB) was conspicuous at day 13 but virtually disappeared between days 16 and 18. In contrast, the activity of System ASC measured by the Na+-dependent uptake of MeAIB-insensitive threonine uptake increased after day 14 and was optimal between days 16 and 18. This transport system regressed in activity with further maturation, but remained conspicuously saturable in the matured red blood cell. Interestingly, the newly discovered Na+-independent System asc (Vadgama, J. V., and Christensen, H.N. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2912-2921), selective for the uptake of test substrates threonine, serine, and alanine, was present in these erythroid cells. Its activity increased during gestation days 16-18. System L transport was present simultaneously with the Na+-independent System asc. As we had previously demonstrated for the pigeon red blood cell, these two transport systems are kinetically independent as confirmed with inhibition studies and the special selectivity of System L to trans stimulation. Tryptophan uptake could be attributed predominantly to System L, as also observed for the nucleated pigeon red blood cells and certain other cells. Arginine showed its familiar Na+-independent mode of uptake as a cation throughout the interval of study. An exceptional Na+-dependent component of arginine uptake emerged after day 14, peaked at day 18, and then disappeared on further maturation of the erythroid cell.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1986

Polarity of neutral amino acid transport and characterization of a broad specificity transport activity in a kidney epithelial cell line, MDCK.

The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was investigated with respect to the cellular polarity of amino acid transport in early confluent versus late confluent cultures. Early confluent cultures could take up amino acids from the apical and the basolateral sides of the cell layer via amino acid transport Systems A, ASC, and L. However, in late confluent cultures the activities of Systems A and L were clearly localized to the basolateral surface of the cell monolayer. In addition to the presence of systems A, ASC, and L, a novel activity, measurable under conditions used for quantitating System ASC, was found to be active in the apical membrane of these cells. This transporter, termed System G (for general), recognized basic and neutral amino acids with high affinity and acidic amino acids with lower affinity. System G exhibited broad substrate specificity, strict cation specificity, and a broad pH optimum with maximal activity at acidic pH. The activity of System G was relatively low after growth in serum-containing medium but was induced in a defined medium. Induction of System G activity was dependent upon the presence of prostaglandin E1. The broad substrate specificity, low pH optimum, and Na+ dependence suggest that System G may function in apical membranes as an energy-dependent transport route during reabsorption of amino acids from the kidney tubule lumen.

Alanine↗