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PubMedDate not supplied

[Enzymatic aspects of severely acute diarrheal disease in infants].

Acute dehydration of diarrhoea of the breast-fed child is a type of hypovolemic shock which, by its severity and frequency is one of the major emergencies of pediatrics. The liver, as the site of many metabolic processes is mainly affected in the frame of the multiple-tissue involvement which is characteristic for this condition. The authors carried out a study of several enzymes (total LDH and the thermally-labile fraction, gluthamatdehydrogenase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) in 27 breast-fed children. Determination of the enzymes was done on hospitalization, and 10 days later. The study showed that all the enzymes that were evaluated had moderate increases in 40.7-71% of all cases. The increases were significant (p less than 0.001). After 10 days the enzyme titers showed a tendency to become normal again, and slightly higher values were found in only 15-12% of all cases. Minimal hepatopathy can be considered, associated to the clinico-biological evolution of this severe conditions of the breast-fed child pathology.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

[Transgenerational solidarity: treatment and prevention in an expanded context].

This article searches for a common denominator for the requirements of that which therapy and prevention address in their broadest terms: 1. Genuine criteria of autonomous individuation in the context of real relationship that have to be sorted out vis-à-vis random internal relations that inform the private epistemologies of each partner's idiosyncratic goals. 2. The dialogue of mutual self-definition anchored in the balance of inherent commitments to mutual self-validation through fair give and take--the basis of relational ethics, i.e., responsibility for consequences to others. 3. The systemic regulation of behavioral patterns of marriages, parent-child relationships, nuclear and extended families, and larger community networks. 4. An intrinsic tribunal of transgenerational solidarity as the basis of prevention and as the manifestation of human species survival, e.g., concern about environmental health. 5. Negentropy as the "locomotive" of biological evolution and via ethics of receiving through giving to posterity, the guardian of both parent-child and peer relationships in a progressively automated world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An evolutionary link for developing mammalian lungs.

Lungs of the human infant and those of other mammals are filled with fluid immediately prior to birth. Studies of the ionic composition of this fluid indicate that active ionic transport processes occur in the epithelial cells of the potential airspaces. The purpose of this study was to see if these active ion pumps were present in developing species other than mammals thus providing a possible evolutionary link to mammals. A series of samples of lung liquid, amniotic fluid, and plasma were taken from embryonic marine turtles gathered from clutches incubating in the beach at Mon Repos, Queensland, Australia during the summer of 1986-87. The concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions and protein measured in these liquids indicated that active pumping processes similar to that seen in the mammalian lung were present in the developing lungs of these marine reptiles and further, circumstantial evidence was gathered to suggest that this liquid was partially reabsorbed prior to hatching. The results support the notion that processes responsible for the normal development of the human lung and lungs of other mammals are also present in the hollow lungs of marine turtles. Thus there is an evolutionary counterpart controlling lung development in more ancient species. It may be possible to generalize this observation to the development of hollow lungs of other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Chemodectomas of the glomus caroticum].

The authors review the nature, biological evolution, diagnosis and treatment of carotid body tumors both on the basis of data reported in the literature and in the light of their own experience with a population of 11 carotid body chemodectomas. All patients (except one) were subjected to total resection of the neoplasm. In one case, surgery was confined to a partial resection. Operative mortality was nil, and complications consisted in one case of Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome, one lesion of the XII cranial nerve and one lesion of the X cranial nerve. Follow-up of the patients (min. 6 months, max. 10 years) has shown no recurrences or metastases.

Carotid Body Tumor↗
PubMed1986

[Psychotherapeutic effects of psychotropic drugs: principle considerations from the psychobiologic viewpoint].

The paper presents, from a psychobiological perspective, a critical and pragmatic discussion on fundamental questions related to the psychotherapeutic effects of psychopharmacological drugs. A series of definitions of the terms "psychopharmacological drugs", "cerebrotropic" and "psychotropic", "psychoactive and psychotherapeutic effects" and psychobiological" are initially given and set within a psychobiological framework of reference. The purpose of this is to reduce inherent contradictions of conventional definitions and to prove the heuristic value of the new concept. The epistemological basis of the presented reasoning is the psycho-physical identity theory that is based on the theories of systems and biological evolution. The author further discusses questions on the neurobiological and psychotherapeutical effects of psychopharmacological drugs, their locus and mechanism of action and other aspects related to the theme. Finally, the problem is raised as to how to separate from each other the multidimensional therapeutic factors, which alltogether result in the final psychotherapeutic effect of the drugs. Among these therapeutic factors, the so-called placebo is of prominent importance; the author presents a definition of placebo that fit the conceptual framework of the paper.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of oxidative metabolism inhibitors on ADH-dependent transport of water in the bladder of Rana temporaria].

It has been demonstrated that inhibitors of oxidative metabolism--rotenone, amytal, antimycin A, oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol--block hydroosmotic response of the urinary bladder of the frog to pituitrin, cAMP and serosal hypertonicity caused by 200 mosm mannitol. Electron donors sodium ascorbate and phenasinemethasulphate completely abolish the inhibitory effect of rotenone and antimycin A (but not of oligomycin). It is concluded that intracellular reactions which are sensitive to the effect of the inhibitors of oxidative metabolism, begin from the step after cAMP formation.

Animals↗