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[Effects of leuzea tincture and leveton on humoral immunity of athletes].

The effect of 20-day administration of ectisten-containing tincture of leuzea and leveton on humoral immunity of track and field runners for distances of 5,000 and 10,000 m was studied. Intensive cyclic physical activity induced significant decrease of IgG and IgA in blood serum of the athletes as well as the complement C3 component on the 10th and 20th days. Both drugs contributed to restoration of the lowered IgG, IgA, and C3 concentration. The effect of leveton was more pronounced. The working capacity of the athletes grew by 10 to 15% in this case.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1995

Activation of homologous complement via the alternative complement pathway by quail cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus.

After incubation of the cells with fresh quail serum, deposition of the third component of complement (C3) was demonstrated on the cell surface of various quail cell lines transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) as well as on that of primary quail embryo (QE) cells transformed by RSV. The C3 deposition occurred irrespective of virus production. On the other hand, the C-3 deposition was not observed on two quail cell lines transformed by a chemical carcinogen, QE cells infected with avian leukosis virus or normal QE cells. Moreover, QE cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of RSV activated the complement at 37 degrees C but not at 41 degrees C. Since the progeny virus was generated even at 41 degrees C, viral molecules on the cell surface may not play an essential role for the activation. The activation of complement was blocked by EDTA but not by EGTA-Mg++. Therefore, the complement activation on the transformed cells appears to be mediated via the alternative complement pathway (ACP). Similar results were obtained with the complement consumption test; the residual cytolytic activity of fresh quail serum via ACP was markedly reduced by pre-incubation of the serum with transformed cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Mice lacking acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance.

Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a 76 amino acid fragment of the third component of complement (C3) which is generated by the interaction of adipsin and factor B with C3. In vitro studies have shown that ASP can markedly increase triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes. To test the ASP pathway in vivo, C3-deficient mice, and therefore ASP-deficient mice, were generated and oral fat loads were conducted in wild-type (C3+/+) and mutant (C3-/-) animals. The principal results were: 1) postprandial triglyceride clearance was significantly delayed in mutant compared to wild-type mice; 2) this difference was more pronounced in males compared to females; 3) in both males and females, the differences were more pronounced in the second half of the postprandial period; 4) fasting and postprandial free fatty acid (FFA) were higher in C3(-/-) than in C3(+/+) males; and 5) intraperitoneal administration of ASP accelerated triglyceride clearance in C3(-/-) males. The data are consistent therefore, with the hypothesis that the ASP pathway is an important physiologic determinant of normal postprandial triglyceride clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Neutrophil granulocyte function in pustulosis palmoplantaris.

The phagocytic bactericidal capacity of circulating neutrophilic granulocytes was estimated in 22 patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris (PPP). The control group comprised 100 healthy individuals. Leukocytes from the patients had a statistically significant reduced capacity to kill Staph. aureus in autologous as well as in AB serum. Leukocyte killing of E. coli was not reduced. Serum levels of total hemolytic complement, C3, C4 and neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity were normal. The findings suggest an intrinsic or cellular defect of circulating neutrophil granulocytes in patients with PPP.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Are changes in serum immunoglobulin and complement levels following open heart surgery influenced by oxygenator type or postoperative parenteral nutrition?

The serum IgG and IgA concentrations significantly decreased through the seventh day and the serum IgM and complement (C3 and C4) concentrations through the second day after elective open heart surgery for heart valve disease in a series of 16 patients. A significant increase over the preoperative concentration was seen, however, in the serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 on day 14 postoperatively. The serum IgG and IgM concentrations declined significantly only in patients perfused by a bubble oxygenator, although the two small series of patients perfused by bubble and membrane oxygenator did not differ significantly from each other. Parenteral nutrition had no effect on postoperative changes in serum immunoglobulin and complement concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevention of histopathologic changes from 30 repeated stretches of active rat skeletal muscles by long inter-stretch rest times.

This study was performed to examine the protective effect of a long rest between stretches of activated rat plantar flexor muscles on immediate functional and delayed structural signs of injury. Plantar flexor muscles activated by nerve stimulation by ankle rotation from 1.57 to 0.70 rad under anesthesia (brevital) were stretched 30 times. Three groups of female Sprague Dawley rats were tested: (1) long inter-stretch (180 s, S180), (2) short inter-stretch (40 s, S40), and (3) short inter-isometric contraction (40 s, IC40) times. Isometric and peak stretch forces during the stretch protocols and force-frequency relationships before and 1 h after the stretching protocols were measured. Histopathologic changes were evaluated in medial gastrocnemius muscle samples using antibodies to cellular (actin, desmin, dystrophin, fast myosin) and extracellular (laminin, albumin, complement C3) proteins and markers for neutrophils (W3/13) and macrophages (ED1). Both stretch protocols produced the same force deficits [mean (SEM)] [S40 56.7 (2.1)%, S180 51.3 (3.7)%] with little recovery within 1 h. After 2 days, histopathologic changes were present only in samples from the S40 protocol including desmin negative fibers [162 (32)] which stained for albumin, complement C3, laminin, actin and fast myosin. Many of the necrotic fibers also contained infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages. In summary, histopathologic changes in rat gastrocnemius muscle following repeated stretch injury was prevented by long inter-stretch rests.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pneumonia-associated acute glomerulonephritis.

OBJECTIVE: Post-infectious glomerulonephritis typically occurs 7-14days after an infection. However, in several children we observed acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) to develop concurrently with pneumonia. The objective of the study was to delineate the clinical course and outcome of pneumonia-associated AGN. STUDY DESIGN: The hospital database was searched from 1984 - 1999 for c+hildren admitted with both acute pneumonia and AGN, each diagnosis having been made within 72 hours of each other. RESULTS: 11 boys, age 3.8- 12.7 years, were identified. Ten children had lobar pneumonia and I had an interstitial infiltrate. All responded to antibiotic therapy with resolution of fever and respiratory symptoms. Only I child developed an empyema. The mean +/- SD hospital stay was 5.9 +/- 3.9 days. All patients had an abnormal urinalysis with hematuria (gross hematuria in 5), proteinuria and cellular casts. At presentation, 7 children had a serum creatinine > 1.0 mg/dl and creatinine clearance < or = 80 ml/min/1.73 m2; in all, serum creatinine returned to normal and the creatinine clearance was > 80 ml! min/1.73 m2 on follow-up. Nine of the 11 children had a low serum complement C3, 3 of whom also had low complement C4. Anti-streptolysin-O (ASO) titers were elevated in all 10 children tested. Six children developed hypertension and received antihypertensive medications. Only I child was severely oliguric requiring peritoneal dialysis for 4 days. He underwent a kidney biopsy, which showed acute proliferative glomerulonephritis without crescents. Neither a biopsy nor dialysis was performed in the other children. At follow-up, blood pressure, urinalysis and serum complements had normalized in the 9 children in whom follow-up was available. CONCLUSION: Children with pneumonia who are found to have abnormal urinalysis. hypertension, azotemia or oliguria should be evaluated for concomitant glomerulonephritis. In most children, pneumonia-associated AGN runs a benign course and has a good prognosis, however, in some short-term medical intervention may be necessary.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The effect of complement depletion on the course of Sindbis virus infection in mice.

The course of Sindbis virus infection in 12-day-old BALB/c mice was altered significantly in animals depleted of the third component of complement (C3) by treatment with purified cobra venom factor (CoVF). Although the same percentage of C3-depleted and normal animals died (30%) after the subcutaneous inoculation of 1000 PFU Sindbis virus, the mean day of death was later in C3-depleted mice (8.4 days) than in controls (6.5 days). In addition, morbidity was prolonged in C3-depleted mice. Growth of virus at the inoculation site in the foot was not different; however, viremia was prolonged and the amount of virus in the brain was 1000-fold greater 6 days after infection in C3-depleted animals. These studies demonstrated that complement plays an important role in the host's response to Sindbis virus infection by participating in both beneficial and immunopathologic responses to the infection.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Mechanism of action of blocking immunoglobulin G for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Blocking immunoglobulin G (IgG) inhibits complement-mediated killing of serum-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) in immune human serum. We examined the mechanism of action of blocking IgG. Presensitization of GC with increasing concentrations of blocking IgG or F(ab')2 before incubation with bactericidal antibody and absorbed pooled normal human serum increased consumption and deposition of the third component of human complement (C3) and the ninth component of human complement (C9) but inhibited killing in dose-related fashion. We next showed that blocking IgG or F(ab')2 partially inhibited binding of bactericidal IgG to GC. Also, binding of a monoclonal antibody recognizing GC outer membrane protein PIII was almost completely inhibited by blocking F(ab')2, confirming other work (Rice, P. A., M. R. Tam, and M. S. Blake, manuscript submitted for publication) showing that PIII is a target for blocking antibody. Studies of the C3 deposition site showed that one quarter of the C3 deposited on GC in the presence of blocking IgG bound covalently to the antibody molecule. Finally, 125I-GC constituents with covalently bound C3 were affinity purified on Sepharose bearing antibodies to C3 and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. C3 deposition on a 40,000-mol wt surface protein was enhanced six- to ninefold by blocking IgG, which indicates that the site of complement deposition was altered by blocking antibody. These studies show that blocking IgG competes with bactericidal antibody for binding to GC, but enhances rather than blocks complement activation, and leads to complement deposition at new sites that do not result in serum killing.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Immunohistochemistry of human cutaneous sarcoidosis: a study of nine cases.

Biopsy specimens of sarcoid skin lesions from nine patients with sarcoidosis were examined for the presence of immunoglobulins, complement (C3 and C4), and fibrinogen. Granulomas in all skin lesions were positive only for fibrinogen. The literature relating to the immunohistochemistry of sarcoidosis is reviewed and its significance discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A detailed serological study of five anti-Jka sera reacting by the antiglobulin technique.

Detailed serological investigation of five examples of anti-Jka revealed considerable heterogeneity in their characteristics. All the sera were investigated by the antiglobulin technique, with and without complement and by a range of sensitization and testing methods. Three were readily detected in the presence of complement, while two were detectable with anti-IgG, providing a spin test was used. Complement was bound by all and resulted in enhanced reactions, particularly when slide/tile tests were used. The study emphasizes that anti-complement (C3) is an essential component of polyspecific antiglobulin reagents used in cross-matching, enabling the ready detection of these clinically important antibodies.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1984

Activation of complement in the skin after PUVA therapy.

Suction blister fluid from the abdominal skin of 14 healthy subjects was examined for the presence of split products of complement C3 (C3-split) as an indicator of complement activation before and after treatment with either UVA or PUVA. Following PUVA a significant increase in C3-split was found (p less than 0.05) in both irradiated and non-irradiated skin areas. Following UVA the increase in C3-split was less pronounced. The activation of complement may play an important role in the maintenance of the delayed erythema that appears after irradiation with long-wave ultraviolet light.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Vaccination for prevention of CAPD associated staphylococcal infection: results of a prospective multicentre clinical trial.

124 stable CAPD patients from 8 Australian and 3 New Zealand centers were randomly assigned in a blinded fashion to one of two groups to study the effect of vaccination using commercial preparations consisting of a combined staphylococcus toxoid and whole killed staphylococci (SB) or normal saline solution (SS) on the incidence of peritonitis and exit site infection and S. aureus nasal carriage over a 12-month prospective period. In addition, levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 were monitored during the trial period in serum and dialysate; serum levels of anti-alpha hemolysin and dialysate levels of fibronectin and specific antistaphylococcal antibodies were also measured. Over the period, treatment with SB or SS did not affect the incidence of peritonitis, catheter-related infection or S. aureus nasal carriage. However, vaccination with SB elicited a significant increase in the level of serum anti-alpha hemolysin throughout the 12 month duration of the study, although the level of increase was unrelated to the subsequent rate of peritonitis. Vaccination with SB but not SS elicited a significant increase in the dialysate level of specific antibodies against S. aureus. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4 were within the normal range in the CAPD patients studied and remained unaffected by vaccination with SB. In addition, dialysate levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4 were 50-100 times lower than corresponding serum levels and remained unaffected by vaccination. In summary, immunisation with an anti-staphylococcal agent was not successful in reducing peritonitis or exit site infection in CAPD patients.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1985

Direct immunofluorescence of normal skin in rheumatoid arthritis.

The clinical significance of previously described immunoglobulin and complement deposition in the superficial dermal vessel walls of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. In the present study, skin biopsies were obtained from the normal forearm and buttock of 48 unselected patients with rheumatoid arthritis and were examined by direct immunofluorescence (IF) for the presence of immunoglobulin (IgG,A,M) and complement (C3) in the vessel walls. Deposits of C3, IgM or IgG were detected in 10 patients. Five patients had deposits at the forearm sample alone, four patients had deposits at both biopsy sites, while one patient was positive at the buttock alone. Clinical features were similar in patients with and without vessel IF. However, patients with IF were significantly more seropositive with lower levels of complement and raised levels of serum IgA and IgM. There was also an increased level of circulating IgG immune complexes in these patients. Further analysis following exclusion of seronegative patients revealed similar results. This study suggests that the presence of vessel IF identifies a subgroup of patients who have evidence of more severe immunological disturbance.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2004

[Mechanisms of respiratory system lesions in chemical plant workers of the environmental protection department in comparison with workers of pesticide producing departments].

In chemical plant workers producing pesticides chronic bronchitis and disturbed pulmonary ventilation are frequent. The aim of the examination of the staff (sewage-treatment plant, waste combustion plant, waste storage, industrial water pumping station)--16 males aged 21-53 years--was to assess: 1. Connective tissue metabolism--serum concentration of type I and III procollagen propeptides, collagen I telopeptide, hydroxyproline, alpha1-AP and alpha2-M antiproteases, interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) activity, as well as urine hydroxyproline and desmosine. 2. Free radical damage--serum malonic dialdehyde (TBARS) and ceruloplasmin concentration, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, catalase, GPx, GR), and neutrophils myeloperoxidase reaction. 3. Humoral (serum IgG, A and M, C3 complement component and the circulating immune complexes) and cellular (percentage of CD3, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes) immunity rates. As compared to controls the following changes were found: 1. decreased MMP-1 activity and increased alpha2-M serum concentration; 2. increased erythrocyte SOD and GPx activities; 3. decreased percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3), increased serum concentration of the C3 complement component and the circulating immune complexes. The results were compared with those in workers of the departments producing liquid pesticides, dust pesticides and chlorfenvinphose, the changes of the investigated parameters were found to be less expressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Studies on the procurement of blood coagulation factor VIII in vitro studies on blood components prepared in half-strength citrate anticoagulant.

The effect of replacing a standard citrate anticoagulant with one containing half the amount of citrate on the in vitro properties of components prepared from blood donations was investigated. This resulted in a significant improvement in factor VIII stability such that there was little loss during overnight storage, and this was reflected in the factor VIII yield in cryoprecipitate. The quality of cellular components in red cell units stored up to 35 days or platelet concentrates stored up to 7 days was not adversely affected. Although initial levels were similar to those in standard anticoagulant, the extent of fibrinopeptide A generation and complement C3 breakdown in red cell units stored for 35 days in half-strength citrate was somewhat increased.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2001

Concentration of the complement activation product, acylation-stimulating protein, is related to C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increased acute phase serum proteins. We wanted to study how these proteins are related to complement activation in type 2 diabetes and how improvement of glycemic control affects them or complement activation. A total of 29 type 2 diabetic patients (age, 55.2 +/- 1.8 years, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)] 8.9% +/- 0.2%, body mass index [BMI] 30.9 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2), duration 5.9 +/- 1.3 years) participated in the study. They were previously treated either with diet alone or in combination with 1 oral antihyperglycemic medication. After a period of at least 4 weeks run-in on diet only, the patients were randomized to pioglitazone, glibenclamide, or placebo. Blood samples were taken before the treatments and at the end of the 6-month therapy. Basal C-reactive protein (CRP) level was related to acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) concentration (r =.55, P <.01), and many acute phase serum protein concentrations were associated with each other. The treatment reduced HbA(1c) level in the pioglitazone (from 9.1 +/- 0.3% to 8.0 +/- 0.5%, P <.05) and glibenclamide (from 8.9 % +/- 0.3% to 7.7% +/- 0.2%, P <.05) groups. Glibenclamide treatment was associated with a reduction in alpha-1-antitrypsin (P <.05), ceruloplasmin (P <.01), and complement C3 protein (C3) (P <.05). Although ASP did not change significantly in any of the treatment subgroups, in the whole patient population, the change in HbA(1c) during the treatments correlated positively with the change in ASP, (r =.43, P <.05). The changes in many acute phase serum proteins and ASP were related to each other. In conclusion, (1) inflammatory factors and complement activation are associated in patients with type 2 diabetes, and (2) changes in hyperglycemia are related to changes in the concentration of the complement activation product, ASP.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗