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PubMed1999

Gastrocutaneous fistula in children after removal of gastrostomy tube: incidence and predictive factors.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Removal of a gastrostomy tube may result in a persistent gastrocutaneous fistula. The authors reviewed their experience to determine the incidence of this event in children, and the factors that contribute to its occurrence. METHODS: Over a 3-year period, 32 children had a gastrostomy tube placed that was subsequently removed. Of these, 18 sites closed spontaneously and 14 had a persistent gastrocutaneous fistula (44%). The groups were similar with respect to age, sex, and diagnosis. Mean time from insertion to removal of the tube was 6.5+/-2 months in the group with spontaneous closure, and 29.8+/-8 months in the gastrocutaneous fistula group (P<.05). RESULTS: One of 17 (6%) children who had tubes removed within 8 months of insertion had a fistula, compared with 13 of 15 (87%) of those who had one removed after 9 or more months (P<.001). Patients with tubes inserted percutaneously (PEG) were less likely to have a fistula than those using the Stamm technique (28% v. 55%, not significant), although PEGs also tended to be in place for a shorter time before removal (12.6 v. 21.1 months). Steroids did not increase the likelihood of a fistula (50% v. 42%, not significant). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of persistent gastrocutaneous fistula is high after gastrostomytube removal in children. The most important factor predisposing to this problem appears to be the length of time the tube is in place before its removal. Almost all tubes removed within 8 months will close spontaneously.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Early decentration of plate-haptic silicone intraocular lenses.

We report 4 eyes of a consecutive series of 1299 that developed early decentration of a 10.5 mm diameter plate-haptic silicone intraocular lens (IOL) after uneventful phacoemulsification. All eyes had an intact continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) with the IOL placed in the capsular bag. After an initial period of good vision, patients noted the onset of glare or monocular diplopia between 1 and 5 weeks after surgery. On examination, there was no significant anterior capsule contraction; however, the edge of the IOL optic was visible in the undilated pupil. There was adhesion between the anterior and posterior capsules at the margin of the CCC that maintained the IOL decentration. Decentration recurred in 1 eye after the IOL was rotated 90 degrees and recentered. Symptoms resolved in 3 eyes after the IOL was removed and replaced with a rigid IOL with a larger diameter optic.

Device Removal↗
PubMed2005

Ventricular fibrillation following removal of temporary epicardial pacemaking wires.

Temporary wires are routinely sutured to both the atrial and ventricular epimyocardium after open heart surgery. Despite their rarity, complications related to removal of such pacemaking wires may cause life threatening situations. We describe here a patient who developed ventricular fibrillation immediately after removal of temporary epicardial pacemaking wires.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed2002

Outcomes of patients with teeth in the line of mandibular angle fractures treated with stable internal fixation.

PURPOSE: This study examines the relationship between postoperative infection and/or need for plate removal with the presence and management of teeth in the line of mandibular angle fractures. METHODS: Data were collected on patients treated by intraoral open reduction and internal fixation for fractures of the mandibular angle during an 8-year period. Outcome variables were postoperative infection and need for removal of the bone plate(s). The relationships of demographic variables, teeth in the line of fracture, and management of teeth in the line of fracture were analyzed using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: Four hundred two patients had sufficient follow-up for inclusion in the study. A tooth was present in the fracture line 85% of the time. Teeth in the fracture were removed in 75% of the fractures that contained teeth. Postoperative complications occurred in 19% of the sample. Fractures not containing teeth at the time of fracture had a 15.8% rate of postoperative infection compared with 19.1% for patients who had teeth in the fracture (P = NS). For angle fractures associated with a tooth, when the tooth was retained, the incidence of infection was 19.5%. When the tooth was removed, the incidence was 19.0% (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk for postoperative complications when a tooth is present, but the increase is not statistically significant. The incidence of postoperative infection and/or the need for plate removal is not affected by whether the tooth in the fracture is removed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A case of infected scleral buckle with Mycobacterium chelonae associated with chronic intraocular inflammation.

PURPOSE: To describe a unique case of chronic intraocular inflammation secondary to scleral buckle infection with Mycobacterium chelonae that was successfully treated with buckle explantation. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 59-year-old male with a history of retinal detachment repair at the age of 41 presented with chronic, recurrent intraocular inflammation responsive to topical corticosteroids. Conjunctival erosion with exposure of the scleral buckle occurred five months after initial presentation. The scleral buckle was removed and cultured. After three weeks of postoperative topical tobramycin and dexamethasone treatment, the patient has remained symptom-free without medications. The explanted material grew acid-fast bacilli later identified as M. chelonae. CONCLUSIONS: This case describes a new finding of chronic intraocular inflammation associated with a scleral buckle infected with M. chelonae and the successful resolution of extraocular infection and intraocular inflammation after buckle removal.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Loss of sagittal plane correction after removal of spinal implants.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of a clinical series was performed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of adult patients who experienced spinal collapse after spinal implant removal after a long spinal arthrodesis, and to assess the various factors that may influence the likelihood of collapse after implant removal. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Published reports describing the benefits or complications of spinal implant removal do not exist. Spinal implant removal, often considered a benign procedure, is even required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for certain implants. METHODS: The medical records and radiographs of 116 consecutive adult patients with long posterior instrumented fusions (>5 segments) were reviewed. The information obtained included original diagnosis, patient age, number of previous surgeries before implant removal, levels of anterior and posterior fusion, time from fusion to implant removal, time from implant removal to failure, and reason for hardware removal. Radiographs also were assessed including scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis measurements before implant removal, after hardware removal, after failure, and after revision surgery. RESULTS: Of 116 patients, 14 underwent spinal implant removal. Most of these patients reported prominent implants either proximally in the thoracic spine or distally in the ilium (Galveston technique). Of these 14 patients, 4 experienced increased pain and collapse after implant removal despite thorough intraoperative explorations demonstrating solid fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal implant removal after long posterior fusion in adults may lead to spinal collapse and further surgery. Removal of instrumentation should be avoided or should involve partial removal of the prominent implant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Use of an electromagnet to retrieve a broken fascia needle during frontalis sling surgery.

Frontalis sling surgery was performed on a 2-year-old girl with congenital ptosis. During surgery, the tip of the Wright fascia needle broke off as it was being passed between incisions within the eyebrow. The tip was difficult to locate and retrieve through the original incision and was finally located with an electromagnet and removed through an enlarged incision.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2006

Optional inferior vena cava filter retrieval with retained thrombus: an in vitro model.

PURPOSE: Retrieval of an optional inferior vena cava (IVC) filter with retained thrombus may result in pulmonary emboli if the trapped thrombus is not removed along with the filter. An in vitro model was developed to determine the fate of trapped thrombus during filter removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro IVC flow model was created with 25-mm inner diameter tubing and a 50% glycerol/water solution. Three different optional filters-Recovery (Bard, Tempe, AZ), Günther-Tulip (Cook Inc., Bloomington IN), and OptEase (Cordis Endovascular/Johnson & Johnson, Warren, NJ)-were evaluated in the study. A known mass of mature thrombus (porcine, aged 1 wk) was trapped within the optional filters. The filters were then retrieved according to the manufacturers' protocol, and the mass of thrombus recovered with the filter was determined. For each filter, five iterations were performed with initial thrombus sizes less than 1 g (group A) and an additional five iterations with initial thrombus sizes greater than 1 g (group B). RESULTS: Thrombi from group A were statistically significantly smaller than those from group B (P < .0001). Retrieval of the Recovery filter resulted in an average of 25% (range, 0%-53%) and 4% (range, 0%-7%) of the clot being removed in group A and group B, respectively. Retrieval of the Günther-Tulip filter resulted in an average of 22% (group A) and 13% (group B) of the clot being removed. Retrieval of the OptEase filter resulted in an average of 43% (group A) and 0% (group B) of the clot being removed. CONCLUSIONS: In our in vitro model, we have established that the mass of thrombus retrieved with optional filters is only a fraction of the initial clot burden. Because of the risk of pulmonary emboli, care should be taken when IVC filters with large amounts of trapped thrombus are removed from patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Root repair after injury from mini-screw.

Mini-implants and mini-screws are commonly used in orthodontics to provide extra anchorage. One potential insertion site is between the roots in the alveolar process, which results in a risk of damaging the roots of neighbouring teeth. In an animal-experimental study, 20 mini-screws (bracket screw bone anchors, BSBAs) were inserted into the mandible of five beagle dogs. Each dog received two BSBAs in each lower quadrant, between the roots of the second and third, and third and fourth premolars. Sequential point labelling was performed every 6 weeks with vital stains, and apical X-rays were taken every 6 weeks. Radiographic examination demonstrated damage at three roots because of insertion of the BSBAs. Histological examination at these three roots demonstrated an almost complete repair of the periodontal structure (e.g. cementum, periodontal ligament and bone) in a period of 12 weeks, following removal of the screws.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Long-term experience with Multiload intrauterine devices.

This paper reports the joint experience of three investigators who used three types of the Multiload (ML) IUD (MLCu250 Short, MLCu250 Standard, and MLCu375) in 1987 consecutive insertions during which an experience of 56,005 woman-months of use was accumulated. The material was analyzed using the life-table method and complemented with a case by case investigation, the main purpose of the study being the specific analysis of IUD-related complications. The authors also evaluated return of fertility whenever a device was removed because of wish of pregnancy. Results indicate that serious IUD-related complications were rare, continuation rate high, and reversibility of fertility unaffected by the device.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1996

Early division of pedicled flaps using a simple device: a new technique.

A simple occlusion clamp with screws used to achieve early division of two-staged, distant pedicled flaps is presented. The device is applied to the bridge of a distant flap on the 5th postoperative day and is gradually tightened. It was used on 20 consecutive pedicled flaps in 20 patients: 5 abdominal flaps, 4 superficial external pudendal artery (SEPA) flaps, 9 cross leg flaps, 1 groin flap and 1 medial arm flap. In 17 patients, the flaps were divided successfully between the 9th to the 14th day (Mean: 10 days). The device was removed in 3 patients when ischaemic changes became apparent; their flaps however survived completely and were divided after a longer interval. The principles on which the device works, the technique, feasibility, and advantages of using the device for early flap division are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ganciclovir intraocular implant. A clinicopathologic study.

BACKGROUND: Surgical implantation of the intraocular sustained-release ganciclovir device is a safe and effective treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Previous histopathologic studies on eyes containing such implants have been limited by the necessity of removing the device before processing. Microtome sectioning of hard plastics within paraffin-embedded blocks is infeasible, and the anatomic relations of implant to eye are destroyed. METHODS: The authors studied four eyes from three patients who had undergone implant insertion. Globes with implants in place were fixed in neutral 10% formation, embedded in methylmethacrylate, sectioned on a special microtome, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS: After methacrylate embedding, the precise anatomic relations of the implant to the neighboring uveoscleral coats were preserved. In two eyes, the suture tab of the implant protruded through the sclera, exiting subconjunctivally. In two eyes, the implant was totally intravitreal. In all patients, the device was supported by fibrous tissue which emanated from a surgical coloboma of the pars plana ciliaris. Focal granulomatous inflammation adjoined suture and implant materials but no other inflammation or deleterious effects on the ocular structures were noted. CONCLUSION: This report is the first to document the intraocular histopathology of the ganciclovir implant. The subconjunctival location, enhancing the potential for endophthalmitis, may be avoided by trimming of the suture tab close to the anchoring suture and not tying it too tightly. Methylmethacrylate embedding is a useful technique for preserving the microanatomy of intraocular implants.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2003

Myocardial scarring caused by left ventricular assist device (LVAD) insertion demonstrated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

We report three cases of dilated cardiomyopathy treated with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), subsequently explanted. These mechanical devices are being increasingly used to support left ventricular function in the short and long term. We used cine and gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to examine the consequences of previous LVAD implantation. In all cases, there was apical akinesis and tethering on cine imaging. Early (< 5 minutes) imaging after gadolinium demonstrated apical hypo-enhancement, an avascular area of scar or thrombus, while late (> 10 minutes) imaging demonstrated transmural apical infarction which in one case extended into the inferior wall. The findings suggest that LVAD insertion may cause permanent myocardial fibrosis at the site of ventricular insertion, and the cases demonstrate the use of contrast-enhanced CMR in this scenario of iatrogenic ventricular scarring.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The intraprostatic spiral. New treatment for urinary retention.

In a series of 45 consecutive patients with acute or chronic urinary retention, 41 were treated by insertion of an intraprostatic spiral using ultrasonic guidance under local anaesthesia. Insertion was successful in 35 patients and in 6 the spiral was inserted endoscopically. During a follow-up period of 12 months 8 patients died, all with a functioning spiral. The device was removed in 16 patients; in 6 cases the reasons for removal were related to the spiral and in 10 they were not. The spiral remained in situ in 17 patients and all had satisfactory voiding. This device is a good alternative to an indwelling catheter in patients awaiting prostatic surgery and also in those who are either unfit or unwilling to undergo prostatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Paradoxical cerebral arterial embolization of cement during intraoperative vertebroplasty: case report.

Paradoxical cerebral embolism of cement occurred in a 78-year-old woman after cement-assisted transpedicular spinal fixation surgery. Multiple pulmonary emboli of polymethylmethacrylate precipitated pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunting into the systemic circulation through a patent foramen ovale. This rare complication occurred because of failure to recognize venous migration of cement during the procedure and the injection of multiple levels in one setting. Although this was an open procedure, the technical aspects were the same as for vertebroplasty and the precautions should be applied to percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Fixation of cancellous bone and physeal fractures in dogs and cats. A comparison of the use of self-reinforced biodegradable devices to the use of metallic devices and external fixations.

The use of self-reinforced biodegradable devices made of polyglycolide in the cancellous bone and physeal fractures of dogs and cats was compared to the use of metallic devices and external fixations on similar fractures. The series consisted of 64 dogs and 22 cats divided into 6 comparable groups. The patients in the 2 groups fixed with biodegradable devices started to use their operated limbs earlier than in the other groups. The same 2 groups also healed clinically (showed no lameness) earlier than the other groups. Radiographically there was no statistical difference between the 6 groups. On the basis of this study it may be concluded that the fixation with self-reinforced biodegradable devices is as suitable for the fixation of cancellous bone and physeal fractures of dogs and cats as the fixation with metallic devices or external fixation. This biodegradable technique has additional benefits allowing the patients to feel less pain in their operated limbs and making secondary operations to remove the devices unnecessary.

Animals↗