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Results for “HEMIPLEGIA”

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PubMed2000

Relation between abnormal patterns of muscle activation and response to common peroneal nerve stimulation in hemiplegia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between response to common peroneal nerve stimulation, timed to the swing phase of walking, and abnormal ankle movement and muscle activation patterns. METHOD: Eighteen patients who took part had a drop foot and had had a stroke at least 6 months before the study Twelve age matched normal subjects were also studied. Response to stimulation was measured by changes in the speed and effort of walking when the stimulator was used. Speed was measured over 10 m and effort by the physiological cost index. Abnormal ankle movement and muscle activation were measured in a rig by ability to follow a tracking signal moving sinusoidally at either 1 or 2 Hz, resistance to passive movement, and EMG activity during both passive and active movements. Indices were derived to define EMG response to passive stretch, coactivation, and ability to activate muscles appropriately during active movement RESULTS: Different mechanisms underlying the drop foot were seen. Results showed that patients who had poor control of ankle movement and spasticity, demonstrated by stretch reflex and coactivation, were more likely to respond well to stimulation. Those with mechanical resistance to passive movement and with normal muscle activation responded less well. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that stimulation of the common peroneal nerve to elicit a contraction of the anterior tibial muscles also inhibits the antagonist calf muscles. The technique used may be useful in directing physiotherapy by indicating the underlying cause of the drop foot.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Axillary temperature differences in hemiplegia.

Axillary temperatures were compared in 30 hemiplegic patients. The temperature in the unaffected axilla was greater than or equal to 0.2 degrees C higher in 25 patients, and was greater than or equal to 0.5 degrees C higher in 14 patients. In 4 patients, there was an axillary temperature difference of greater than or equal to 1 degrees C. Axillary temperature readings should always be taken from the normal arm in hemiplegic patients.

Axilla↗
PubMed1992

The effect of hemiplegia on blood pressure measurement in the elderly.

The blood pressure in both arms of 103 unselected hemiplegic patients was measured using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Although for the whole sample the mean blood pressure in the paretic and unaffected arm was similar, a significant difference was found when the patients were subdivided according to the tone of the arm. The blood pressure was higher in paretic arms of patients with a spastic stroke and lower in the affected arm if the tone was flaccid. No other characteristics were associated with significant blood pressure differences, so that the findings appear to be directly related to changes in muscle tone. After a stroke the blood pressure should always be measured in the unaffected arm because changes in tone make measurements unreliable.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Blink reflex in hemiplegia.

Data about the influence of hemispheric lesions on the blink reflex are conflicting. 21 hemiplegic patients and 11 control subjects were investigated. The duration, latency and electric area of electrically evoked blink reflex responses were evaluated by common electromyographic techniques. A depression of the ipsilateral and the consensual late response after stimulation of the paretic side was the most evident finding. However, also a certain increase of the early response and a depression of the late response of the paretic side independent of the side of stimulation emerged. Concerning the parameters taken into account, the evaluation of the latency period seems to be the most significant and reliable. Determination of the electric area provides additional useful data which, however, may easily lead to mistakes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hyperkinetic motor behaviors contralateral to hemiplegia in acute stroke.

Motor behaviors on the 'good side' of the body, i.e. ipsilateral to the hemispheric lesion, have not been studied systematically. We assessed motor behaviors in 20 consecutive patients during the acute phase (first 1-2 weeks) of a hemispheric stroke with hemiparesis. The behaviors were essentially rotations of the head, neck, eyes and trunk, orofaciopharyngeal or limb stereotypes, compulsive manipulation of the surroundings, or passive mobilization of the paralyzed arm or leg. These behaviors were found only with large infarcts in the territory of the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery and/or the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). All but two ACA infarcts involved the internal capsule and basal ganglia. The severity of the motor deficit and the presence of aphasia, neglect, or sensory loss were significantly correlated with the motor behaviors. Although the understanding of these behaviors remains unclear, we suggest that they may represent the clinical expression of early plastic changes of brain maps and circuits after an acute lesion; this is probably an active process induced by disinhibition, in order to establish new compensatory pathways.

Acute Disease↗