SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Lung function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Respiratory health and lung function in 8-year-old children of very low birth weight: a cohort study.

In comparison with a cohort of normal birth weight children, those of very low birth weight (less than 1501 g birth weight) had more wheezing illnesses and hospital readmissions for respiratory problems in the first 2 years of life; from 2 years to 8 years of age respiratory health was unrelated to birth weight. Lung function measurements at 8 years of age in very low birth weight children were similar to expected values; few children had severely abnormal lung function. On univariate analyses, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1), but not flow rates, were lower in children who had survived bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the univariate analyses were misleading, because bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred more frequently with lower birth weight, and lower birth weight in turn was strongly related to reduced FVC and FEV1. After adjusting for birth weight and other potential confounding variables, FVC and FEV1 were unrelated to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and to neonatal ventilation. Flow rates were largely uninfluenced by perinatal events, but were reduced in children with asthma or recurrent bronchitis at 8 years of age. Passive smoking was unrelated to lung function at 8 years of age. However, the effects of passive or active smoking, or perinatal events, on respiratory function or health beyond 8 years of age in very low birth weight survivors remain to be determined.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed2005

Chronic exposure to ambient ozone and lung function in young adults.

BACKGROUND: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is an oxidant, outdoor air pollutant. Chronic exposure has been associated with decreased lung function in children and adolescents. This study investigated the effects of long-term exposure to O3 on lung function in college freshmen. METHODS: We recruited University of California, Berkeley students (n=255) who were lifelong residents of the Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas and who never smoked. Lifetime exposures to O3, small particulate matter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were based on spatial interpolation of compliance monitor measurements to all residences at which students lived. Spirometry was performed between February and May, times when students would not have had recent exposure to increased levels of O3. RESULTS: Lifetime exposure to O3 was associated with decreased levels of measures of small airways (<2 mm) function (FEF75 and FEF25-75). There was an interaction with the FEF25-75/FVC ratio, a measure of intrinsic airway size. Subjects with a large ratio were less likely to have decreases in FEF75 and FEF25-75 for a given estimated lifetime exposure to O3. This association was not altered by history of chronic respiratory disease, allergy, second-hand exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, exposure to PM10 and NO2, or measurement errors in exposure assessment. CONCLUSIONS: A history of increased level of lifetime exposure to ambient O3 is associated with decreased function of airways in which O3 deposition in the lungs is the greatest. Adolescents with intrinsically smaller airways appear to be at greatest risk. Any environmental or genetic factors that lead to reduced airway size may lead to increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of ambient ozone.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Nociceptive mechanisms modulate ozone-induced human lung function decrements.

We have previously suggested that ozone (O3)-induced pain-related symptoms and inhibition of maximal inspiration are due to stimulation of airway C fibers (M. J. Hazucha, D. V. Bates, and P. A. Bromberg. J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 1535-1541, 1989). If this were so, pain suppression or inhibition by opioid-receptor agonists should partially or fully reverse O3-induced symptomatic and lung functional responses. The objectives of this study were to determine whether O3-induced pain limits maximal inspiration and whether endogenous opioids contribute to modulation of the effects of inhaled O3 on lung function. The participants in this double-blind crossover study were healthy volunteers (18-59 yr) known to be "weak" (WR; n = 20) and "strong" O3 responders (SR; n = 42). They underwent either two 2-h exposures to air or two 2-h exposures to 0. 42 parts/million O3 with moderate intermittent exercise. Immediately after post-O3 spirometry, the WR were randomly given either naloxone (0.15 mg/kg iv) or saline, whereas SR randomly received either sufentanil (0.2 microgram/kg iv) or saline. O3 exposure significantly (P < 0.001) impaired lung function. In SR, sufentanil rapidly, although not completely, reversed both the chest pain and spirometric effects (forced expiratory volume in 1 s; P < 0.0001) compared with saline. Immediate postexposure administration of saline or naloxone had no significant effect on WR. Plasma beta-endorphin levels were not related to an individual's O3 responsiveness. Cutaneous pain variables showed a nonsignificant weak association with O3 responsiveness. These observations demonstrate that nociceptive mechanisms play a key role in modulating O3-induced inhibition of inspiration but not in causing lack of spirometric response to O3 exposure in WR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Lung function in workers in the chemical industry].

Lung irritants contribute towards chronic obstructive lung diseases. Therefore, apart from the technical measures, the workers in the chemical industry who are at risk of inhaling lung irritants enter an occupational medical programme. This includes periodically a lung function test. An analysis performed on 532 such workers suggests that there is no relation between the occupational risk mentioned and the FEV1 of the workers. However, the well known injurious influence of smoking is shown, the reduction of FEV1 in heavy smokers being 4.9% of the standardized values (p less than 0.025). In a previous analysis a reduction of FEV1 greater than expected was observed; this reduction disappeared by means of using other reference values. The EGKS reference values (revised 1983) used now are generally well accepted.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the relationship between plasma ANP and lung function. Effects of exercise and of the calcium antagonist, isradipine, on plasma ANP. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

In patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) an increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), a raised plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and a correlation between increasing PAP and increasing plasma ANP have been shown. Furthermore, a negative correlation between lung function and PAP has been reported, and calcium antagonists have been claimed to decrease PAP. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether 1) a negative correlation between lung function and plasma ANP could be demonstrated, whether 2) plasma ANP would increase during exercise in patients with COPD, and whether (3), in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, a calcium antagonist was able to decrease plasma ANP at rest and modify the expected increase in plasma ANP during exercise. Eighteen patients with severe COPD were investigated. Plasma ANP was measured at rest and during exercise before and two hours after ingestion of either a single dose of 5 mg of isradipine, or a single dose of placebo. At rest, a correlation between lung function (forced vital capacity) and plasma ANP was found (rho = -0.49, P = 0.05). During the first exercise period, before ingestion of isradipine or placebo, the median level of ANP increased from 74 pg/ml at rest to 97 pg/ml at exhaustion (P less than 0.0002) (all patients). Administration of isradipine did not alter resting levels or exercise induced increases in plasma ANP. It is concluded, that in patients with severe COPD plasma ANP tends to be higher the more severely FVC is reduced. Plasma ANP increases during exercise. The calcium antagonist, isradipine, does not alter resting levels or exercise induced levels of plasma ANP.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗

PubMed1994

Lung function changes among recycling workers exposed to organic dust.

This study examines the workshift changes in lung function among 99 recycling workers, and correlates these findings with measurements of total dust and endotoxins. Exposure to organic dust caused a fall in FEV1 over the workshift, and this was significantly associated with the exposure to organic dust. No significant association was found between endotoxin exposure and lung function decrements. This lack of association could be due to the low concentrations of endotoxins to which the workers were exposed, as no workers were exposed to more than 100 ng/m3.

Dust↗

PubMed1995

Lung function after open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Postoperative lung function and gas exchange were studied in 36 patients after cholecystectomy. Twenty-four of the patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy while the remaining twelve were operated with open technique. Before surgery all patients had normal ventilatory volumes (forced vital capacity, FVC and forced expired volume in 1 s, FEV1) and normal gas exchange. Two hours postoperatively FVC was reduced to 64 +/- 16% (P < 0.05) of the preoperative level in the laparoscopic group and to 45 +/- 23% (P < 0.05) after open cholecystectomy. On the first postoperative day FVC was virtually normal in the laparoscopic patients (77 +/- 17% of preoperative level, NS), whereas the open surgery patients still had a decreased FVC (56 +/- 13% of preoperative, P < 0.05). FEV1 in the postoperative period followed the same course as FVC. Gas exchange was significantly impaired in the early postoperative period in all patients but no difference between the two groups was found. Two hours postoperatively PaO2 was reduced to 85% (P < 0.05) of preoperative value and PaCO2 had increased by 0.5 kPa (P < 0.05). The alveolo-arterial oxygen tension difference (PA-aO2) had increased by approximately 45% to a mean of 3.7 kPa (P < 0.05). On the first postoperative day gas exchange was still significantly impaired in the open surgery patients. Atelectasis detected by computed X-ray tomography of the lungs were found in both groups. However, the amount of atelectasis tended to be smaller in the laparoscopic group than in the open surgery patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Occupational asthma, lung function decrement, and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure: a critical review of exposure-response relationships.

An extensive amount of clinical/epidemiological literature exists regarding the effects of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure on respiratory health. This review presents an evaluation and synthesis of that literature with an emphasis on assessing exposure-response relationships in the workplace. The key respiratory disorders examined are bronchial asthma and an accelerated decline in lung function. In the early years of the industry, annual incidence rates of TDI-induced occupational asthma (OA) were as high as 5-6 percent. In settings where mean TDI concentrations have been maintained below 5 ppb based on 8-hr personal samples, OA incidence rates have declined to < 1 percent annually. Recent data also suggest that overexposure incidents may play an important role in inducing OA, particularly in work environments engineered to minimize routine ambient air concentrations. Fourteen studies were reviewed that examined lung function decrement. Early studies from the 1960s and 1970s provided evidence of transient or fixed lung function loss (measured as a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1]) during periods of ongoing exposure among employees experiencing high rates of work-related symptoms of OA. Such findings would not be unexpected in that modest FEV1 declines have been demonstrated in general population studies of persons with bronchial hyperresponsiveness or persistent non-occupational asthma. More recent workplace studies have provided no consistent evidence of accelerated FEV1 loss among employees exposed up to 5 ppb TDI (8-hr TWA) even with documented routine short-term TDI concentrations exceeding 20 ppb TDI.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1995

Lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms of pig farmers: focus on exposure to endotoxins and ammonia and use of disinfectants.

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among pig farmers is known to be high, but the aetiology of these symptoms is not yet unravelled. Long term average exposure to dust was evaluated, endotoxins and ammonia and use of disinfectants were compared with chronic respiratory symptoms and depressed base line lung function. METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed among 194 Dutch pig farmers, of whom 100 had not and 94 had chronic respiratory symptoms. Exposure-response relations were evaluated with multiple logistic and linear regression analysis. Estimates of long term average exposure were based on two personal exposure measurements, taken on one day in summer and one day in winter. Information on use of disinfectants and disinfection procedures was assessed by a walk through survey and interview by telephone. RESULTS: Exposure to dust, endotoxins, and ammonia were not related to chronic respiratory symptoms. Duration of the disinfection procedure and pressure used at disinfection were strongly and positively related to chronic respiratory symptoms. A significant inverse association between base line lung function and endotoxin exposure was found only among asymptomatic farmers. Ammonia exposure and duration of the disinfection procedure were significantly associated with base line lung function in the entire population. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that use of disinfectants is an important aetiological factor in chronic respiratory health effects of pig farmers. This factor has not been studied before. Results also suggest an aetiological role for exposure to endotoxins and ammonia in development of chronic respiratory health effects, but longitudinal studies with detailed exposure assessment strategies are required to assess their roles.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Occupational lung function impairment in never-smoking Danish welders.

In order to study the effect of welding fumes on lung function, 74 high-exposed welders and 31 age-matched electricians were examined in 1982. None had ever smoked tobacco or been exposed to known or potentially noxious agents to the lungs. A significant difference was found between the welders and the control group in vital capacity, total lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal expiratory flow rate at 75% of vital capacity, diffusion capacity and slope of the alveolar plateau. The lungs of the welders were physiologically 10-15 years older than those of the control group. Thirty percent of the welders had a well defined respiratory disease. Their lung function impairment was predominantly obstructive (16 persons), but restrictive patterns were also seen (6 persons).

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Cross shift changes in lung function among bar and restaurant workers before and after implementation of a smoking ban.

OBJECTIVE: To study possible cross shift effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on pulmonary function among bar and restaurant employees before and after the implementation of a smoking ban in Norway. METHODS: The study included 93 subjects employed in 13 different establishments in Oslo. They were examined at the beginning and end of a workshift both while ETS exposure was present and when smoking was banned. The mean exposure level of nicotine and total dust before the ban was 28 microg/m3 (range 3-65) and 275 microg/m3 (range 81-506), respectively. Following the smoking ban, the mean level of nicotine and total dust was 0.6 mug/m3 and 77 microg/m3, respectively. Assessment of lung function included dynamic lung volumes and flows. RESULTS: The cross shift reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC) among 69 subjects participating in both examinations changed from 81 ml (SD 136) during exposure to ETS to 52 ml (SD 156) (p = 0.24) following the smoking ban. The reduction in forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) during a workshift, was borderline significantly reduced when comparing the situation before and after the intervention, by 89 ml (SD = 132) compared to 46 ml (SD = 152) (p = 0.09), respectively. The reduction in forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%) changed significantly from 199 ml/s (SD = 372) to 64 ml/s (SD = 307) (p = 0.01). Among 26 non-smokers and 11 asthmatics, the reduction in FEV1 and FEF25-75% was significantly larger during ETS exposure compared to after the smoking ban. There was an association between the dust concentration and decrease in FEF25-75% before the ban among non-smokers (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: This first study of cross shift changes before and after the implementation of a smoking ban in restaurants and bars shows a larger cross shift decrease in lung function before compared with after the implementation of the ban.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Decreased lung function in long-term asbestos cement workers: a cross-sectional study.

The effect on lung function of exposure in an asbestos cement plant was investigated in male workers, employed more than 10 years. The exposed group was selected to exclude subjects with pneumoconioses and ex-smokers and consisted of 77 smokers and 48 never-smokers. Referents were chosen from plants where asbestos had not been in use and restricted to those without X-ray signs of chest disease. The primary type of asbestos used was chrysotile and the general dust level in the two decades 1950-1970 seems to have been around 10 mg/m3 while the asbestos fiber concentration averaged 2 fibers/ml. The mean differences between exposed and referents were statistically significant for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, -0.25 and -0.30 liters, respectively, after adjustment for age, height, tracheal area, and smoking category. No significant differences were detected between those with and without pleural plaques. Smokers and never-smokers were similarly affected. In conclusion, the group exposed to dust with comparatively low asbestos fiber concentration had a minor impairment of lung function, mainly due to obstructive changes.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1984

Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, salivary IgA levels and lung function in a healthy male population from the Italian Air Force: a preliminary study.

The reliability of total IgE quantitation in predicting atopic states was evaluated in a highly homogeneous group of 315 male subjects between 19 and 22 years of age, in apparent good health. A parallel evaluation of the other major Ig classes (serum IgG, IgA, IgM and salivary IgA) and a series of lung function tests were also performed. Forty-eight subjects (15%) referred history of allergy (41 respiratory and seven cutaneous). Twenty-one percent of these had IgE greater than 440 IU/ml, a value reported as abnormally high. No significant association was found between atopy and any of the lung function tests performed. Clinical history or IgE levels were not related to other Ig classes. Conversely, serum but not salivary IgA levels were significantly reduced in tonsillectomized subjects. From the present data it appears that neither IgE determinations nor performing lung function tests can be considered reliable substitutes for an accurate history and evaluation of clinical parameters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Potential impact of altitude on lung function.

OBJECT: The effect of altitude on lung function was evaluated in 21 healthy volunteers at 171 m and at 1580 m above sea level. METHOD: Results were obtained using an open spirometry system. DESIGN: The parameters analyzed were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiration volume after 1 s (FEV1), relative 1-s capacity (FEV1/FVC), mean expiratory flows at 75%, 50% and 25% of FVC (MEF75, MEF50, MEF25), and maximal expiratory flow (peak flow, PEF). RESULTS: MEF75 and MEF50 revealed a positive correlation with altitude, with mean rises of 15% and 11%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant for MEF75 (P = 0.0009) and MEF50 (P = 0.0001), whereas the other parameters revealed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Altitude could be a variable influencing spirometric measurements.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Time course of recovery of lung function in sulphasalazine-induced alveolitis.

Interstitial lung disease has long been recognized as one of the side effects of sulphonamide drugs (1) but we have found only 13 case reports of alveolitis in association with sulphasalazine (2-8). Although the clinical picture and radiological changes are known to be reversible, there is little information regarding the lung function abnormalities and no description of the time course of its recovery. We describe a patient with very severe impairment of gas exchange secondary to sulphasalazine which completely recovered after the drug was stopped.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the older adult: what defines abnormal lung function?

BACKGROUND: The Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease stages for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses a fixed ratio of the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity (FVC) of 0.70 as a threshold. Since the FEV(1)/FVC ratio declines with age, using the fixed ratio to define COPD may "overdiagnose" COPD in older populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine morbidity and mortality among older adults whose FEV(1)/FVC is less than 0.70 but more than the lower limit of normal (LLN). METHODS: The severity of COPD was classified in 4965 participants aged > or =65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study using these two methods and the age-adjusted proportion of the population who had died or had a COPD-related hospitalisation in up to 11 years of follow-up was determined. RESULTS: 1621 (32.6%) subjects died and 935 (18.8%) had at least one COPD-related hospitalisation during the follow-up period. Subjects (n = 1134) whose FEV(1)/FVC fell between the LLN and the fixed ratio had an increased adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.5) and COPD-related hospitalisation (HR 2.6, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.3) during follow-up compared with asymptomatic individuals with normal lung function. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, subjects classified as "normal" using the LLN but abnormal using the fixed ratio were more likely to die and to have a COPD-related hospitalisation during follow-up. This suggests that a fixed FEV(1)/FVC ratio of <0.70 may identify at-risk patients, even among older adults.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Lung function tests: the pneumologist and ambulatory care].

Lung function testing (LFT) has been standardized and greatly improved in the last three decades, but its relative complexity has driven to recent sistematization and standardization of its applicability in the office and in primary care. In memorian of Prof António Couto, and of his outstanding role in the promotion of LFT in Potyugal, this conference deals with the definition of office spirometry, its application range, and the essential steps for the performance, in acceptable quality and reproducibility conditioms. The role of the specialist in promoting this method, and his support to possible spirometry performers, is aimed as an important request in the success of the practical and used technique in family practice and primary health care.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed1984

[Thoracic peridural anesthesia for intra- and postoperative analgesia in lung resections. A comparison of stress reactions and postoperative lung function].

47 patients who were scheduled for lung resection were assigned to two groups. 23 patients had a neurolept analgesia and postoperatively parenteral analgetics. 24 patients received a combination of thoracic peridural anaesthesia and nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia for surgery. The peridural analgesia was continued for 2-3 days for postoperative pain control. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Before, during and after surgery blood was drawn for determination of plasma glucose and cortisol. Postoperatively vital capacity and FEV1 were measured and blood gas analyses were performed for one week. The combination of peridural and intubation anaesthesia resulted in very stable haemodynamics in comparison with the neurolept analgesia. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure decreased during surgery without peak levels as response to the surgical trauma. Blood glucose and plasma cortisol showed equal responses in both investigation groups. A reduced stress response by means of the peridural anaesthesia could not be demonstrated. During the first 48 h after surgery a significantly higher vital capacity was measured in the patients with peridural anaesthesia. FEV1 was analogously increased, the quotient of FEV1/VC was similar in both study groups. No obstruction was observed. PaO2 and paCO2 showed no clinically relevant differences. During surgery the combination of general and regional anaesthesia results in a lower stress response of the heart and postoperatively it improves lung function which is an important advantage in comparison with systemic analgetics.

Adult↗