SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Microcirculation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[Microcirculation and remodelling].

Acute myocardial infarction can produce alterations in the topography of the left ventricle both in the infarcted and remote areas. These changes as a whole, have been termed ventricular remodelling. Attention has been focused on myocyte alterations due to the remodelling process, but the myocardial wall also contains fibroblasts, which produce collagen and elastin fibers, and endothelial and smooth muscle cells which are the main constituents of the vascular wall. In left ventricular hypertrophy, a form of myocardial remodelling, structural changes of myocytes, cardiac interstitium as well as the coronary microcirculation have been found (vascular remodelling). In vivo, the function of coronary microcirculation can be evaluated by measuring myocardial blood flow and coronary reserve. In fact the study of coronary reserve in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy disclosed microcirculatory dysfunction which probably represents the functional counterpart of the structural changes already described. Positron emission tomography (PET) can noninvasively quantitate myocardial blood flow and coronary reserve in humans. Recently studies with PET disclosed microcirculatory alterations also in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the absence of gross myocardial hypertrophy. In particular, after myocardial infarction, coronary vasodilator capacity has been shown to be impaired not only in the infarcted areas but also in the remote ones subtended by angiographically normal vessels. A blunted coronary reserve has been identified with PET also in remote regions from ischemia in patients with stable angina and single vessel CAD.

Angina Pectoris↗

PubMed1995

[Induction of impaired hepatic microcirculation by in situ hilus preparation in liver explantation].

AIM: Usually, in-situ preparation of the hepatic hilar structures is performed prior to the perfusion with preservation solution. Aim of this study was to investigate mechanical effects of liver preparation on the hepatic microcirculation. METHODS: 16 pigs (German landrace) were randomized in two groups. In both groups, laparotomy was performed after intratracheal intubation. Subsequently, a thermal diffusion probe was implanted into the medial left liver lobe for quantification of microperfusion. In group A (n = 8), bile duct, hepatic artery, and portal vein were exposed and the lesser omentum transsected thereafter. Ultrasound-volume-probes were placed around the hepatic artery and portal vein. Simultaneous measurement of hepatic microperfusion and total liver blood flow was performed five minutes after the end of liver preparation. In group B (n = 8) hepatic microperfusion was quantified 45 minutes after laparotomy without further manipulations. RESULTS: By the preparation, liver perfusion was significantly reduced in group A from 78 +/- 13 ml/100g/min to 61 +/- 16 ml/100g/min. After preparation a total liver blood flow of 137 +/- 46 ml/100g/min was recorded indicating a shunt fraction of 51 +/- 21%. In contrast, hepatic microperfusion in group B remained at baseline during the whole observation period (79 +/- 3 ml/100g/min vs. 78 +/- 5 ml/100g/min). CONCLUSION: In-situ liver preparation induces a relevant disturbance of hepatic microcirculation. Preservation perfusion shortly after surgical manipulation could become ineffective because of an increase in shunt flow. If the regeneration period is too short, e.g. lack of heart explantation, the quality of the liver graft could be limited.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Effects of buflomedil and naftidrofuryl on the human cochlear microcirculation measured by laser-Doppler].

The aim of this study was to assess the effects on cochlear blood flow measured by laser-Doppler of two vasoactive agents known for their supposed effectiveness in the presbyacousy treatment (buflomedil, naftidrofuryl), 16 patients undergoing acoustic neurinoma surgery were studied. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) was continuously recorded after the head of the probe was inserted into the internal ear through the round window. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded via an arterial cannula. Hemodynamic variations due to buflomedil (400 mg in bolus) and to naftidrofuryl (200 mg in bolus) were compared with those of sodium nitroprusside (500 micrograms in bolus) in each case with anova. Buflomedil did not alter CBF (0%), SAP (+0.14 +/- 1.7%), HR (+3.4 +/- 3.4%). Naftidrofuryl provoked a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of CBF (-14.5 +/- 7.55%), SAP (-13.7 +/- 4%), and a significant increase (P < 0.05) of HR (+8.5 +/- 3.5%); there is a relationship between CBF and SAP (r = 0.88 P < 0.05). NPS provoked a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of CBF (-34.7 +/- 7.7%) SAP (-26.8 +/- 5.4%) and a significant increase (P < 0.01) of HR(+14.7 +/- 7.3%) in the same way of naftidrofuryl (P < 0.01). In conclusion, human cochlear microcirculation depends upon pharmacological hemodynamic variations such as animal models or middle ear microcirculation. If buflomedil did not alter it, naftidrofuryl provoked a reduction by a direct vasodilator effect inducing hypotension like sodium nitroprusside.

Cochlea↗

PubMed1995

[Observation of cardiac function, hemorheology and lingual microcirculation of leukemic patients].

The cardiac function, hemorheology and the lingual microcirculation of the 62 leukemic patients were investigated. The results showed that their left cardiac function was markedly damaged, and the blood specific viscosity and hematocrit lowered, the time of RBC electrophoresis extended, the ESR and the K value of ESR equation was increased, which suggested the blood agglutination was enhanced. The lingual microcirculation obviously displayed reducing the number of papilla fungiformis, of intrapapillar plexus of microvessel as well as vessel loops, it also revealed the increasing of the abnormal form of microvessel and of the dilating vessel loops. The colour of the blood flow showed pink and dark red, the condition around vessel loops showed exudation and bleeding in several cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Diagnostic imaging of microcirculation of pedicled flap-plasties of the mandibulofacial area using the laser Doppler scanner].

Objective, non-invasive examination techniques in addition to clinical parameters are required to monitor the wound healing of flaps. With the new Laser-Doppler Scanner (LDI, PIM 1.0 Lisca Development AB, Sweden) it is possible to measure and visualize microcirculation continuously, non-invasively and without contact to the wound in an area of 12 x 12 cm. We performed measurements and simultaneous two-dimensional imaging of microcirculation 24, 48, 72 hours and five and 14 days postoperatively in 22 patients, who received reconstruction procedures with random or axial pattern flaps. The perfusion diagrams were correlated to the clinical aspect. Necrotic areas, venous stasis, and normal course of wound healing can be clearly visualized and differentiated. The new Laser-Doppler Imaging System (LDI) serves as an excellent aid for control and planning of flaps in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Alterations in bile ducts and peribiliary microcirculation in rats after common bile duct ligation.

The chronological changes in ductular epithelium and peribiliary capillary plexuses (PBPs) after bile duct ligation are not well understood. Therefore, we examined alterations in both intrahepatic bile ductules and peribiliary microcirculation in rats after ligation of the common bile duct using immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Ductular proliferations appeared first in the peripheral areas of the portal spaces and then gradually advanced along with increasing jaundice. Distorted configuration of the hepatic parenchyma with interconnecting stroma rich in irregular ductules developed 4 weeks after the ligation. Numerous biliary cell types and cells of types intermediate between hepatocytes and biliary cells together with poorly fenestrated capillary-type vessels appeared in the periportal parenchyma, in association with an increased number of canalicular-ductular junctions on TEM. These biliary cells were often found within the lobules and apart from the stroma. SEM examination of hepatic microvascular casts using methacrylated resin showed formation of irregular portal and periportal capillary networks, partly derived from coarsened sinusoids. Direct connections between the newly formed capillary networks and the pre-existing PBPs or sinusoids were numerous, although there were few direct connections between the capillary networks and the hepatic arterial branches. Thus, these proliferated ductules and newly formed complicated capillary networks might play an important role in the effective transport of biliary materials between hepatocytes and native bile ducts or proliferated ductules through the altered microcirculation after bile duct ligation.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[The observation of the bulbar conjunctival microcirculation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa].

The detection of the bulbar conjunctival microcirculation (BCM) of 73 cases (146 eyes) with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) showed that there were some abnormal changes of BCM in the pathologic progress of RP. The older the patient, the longer the disease history and the more the loss of visual field, the more serious the abnormal changes of BCM. The disease in male patients was in general more serious than in female patients. Its characteristics were the followings: increase in the number of tortuous vessels; the different widths of vessels in a few cases; obvious increase of microangioma; abnormal proportion of artery to vein; decelerated blood flow and aggregated erythrocytes. Some abnormal changes in the nailfold microcirculation (left ring finger) were observed in the meantime, and compared with those in the BCM of 56 cases. It was found that they were positively interrelated (gamma's = 0.9965, P < 0.001).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Spatial and temporal correlation between leukocyte behavior and cell injury in postischemic rat skeletal muscle microcirculation.

BACKGROUND: Although leukocyte adhesion and capillary plugging are postulated to play a role in postischemic tissue injury, there is only limited evidence demonstrating the relationship between tissue leukocyte accumulation and cell injury in terms of their temporal sequence and spatial distribution. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This study was designed to study in vivo neutrophil behavior and its correlation with cell injury in postischemic skeletal muscle microcirculation. The microcirculation of the rat spinotrapezius muscle was observed in vivo using dual-color digital microfluorography to simultaneously visualize leukocyte traffic and cell death (irreversible nuclear damage) on the basis of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and propidium iodide, respectively. A 1-hour period of hemorrhagic hypotension (40 mm Hg) followed by reperfusion was carried out to induce muscle injury. RESULTS: Hypotension was followed by an increase in leukocyte recruitment in two different ways: capillary obstruction and venular adhesion. Upon reperfusion, a majority of the leukocytes were initially dispersed from the muscle capillaries and venules, but then the number of leukocytes plugging capillaries and adherent to venules increased again in a time-dependent manner. The number of leukocytes obstructing capillaries was closely correlated with the postischemic systemic blood pressure. The cell injury became detectable initially at the end of the hypotensive period and then increased explosively after reperfusion before a significant leukocyte accumulation. Reperfusion-induced early nuclear injury was seen predominantly in reperfused capillaries without plugging leukocytes. A majority of the initially damaged nuclei were those of myocytes in the pericapillary space, but no nuclei of capillary endothelium was involved. Sodium (-)-8-(3-methoxy-4-phenylsulfinylphenyl) pyrazolo [1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine-4-olate monohydrate, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, significantly attenuated the early increase in muscle injury and subsequent venular leukocyte adhesion after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the involvement of an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving xanthine oxidase in postischemic irreversible myocyte injury. It is conceivable that leukocytes adherent to venules as well as those plugging capillaries play only minor roles in the initial mechanism of reperfusion injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Impairment of pancreatic microcirculation correlates with the severity of acute experimental pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Altered microcirculatory perfusion may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pancreatitis. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) can measure dynamic alterations in the microcirculation over a larger area than intravital microscopy. STUDY DESIGN: We used DRS to characterize changes in the microcirculation during the evolution of pancreatitis of varying severity. Male Sprague Dawley rats (330 to 400 g) were randomly allocated to four groups: control (n = 18), mild pancreatitis (n = 18), moderate pancreatitis (n = 18), or severe pancreatitis (n = 34). Within each group, rats were studied 0.5, 3.0, or 6.0 hours after induction of pancreatitis to determine total hemoglobin content (IHb) and hemoglobin oxygenation (ISO2). RESULTS: Total hemoglobin content in the pancreas remained constant in all groups. Hemoglobin oxygenation increased significantly in rats in the control group and in rats with mild pancreatitis for the duration of the experiment, but not in rats with moderate or severe pancreatitis. Rats with severe pancreatitis had a significant decrease in ISO2 six hours after the induction of pancreatitis compared with baseline values (49.18 +/- 1.55 versus 52.01 +/- 0.19, p < 0.01) as well as rats in the control group that were studied after six hours (49.18 +/- 1.55 versus 55.92 +/- 1.07, p < 0.02). Furthermore, there was marked variability in IHb and ISO2 at different locations within the same pancreas in rats with severe pancreatitis, which was not observed in the control group or in the rats with mild or moderate pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired microcirculatory perfusion characterizes severe, but not mild, pancreatitis. The predominant early change is stasis rather than vasoconstriction. As the changes become more severe, necrosis occurs in a heterogeneous distribution.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[An apparatus using the laser speckle phenomenon for non-invasive two-dimensional analysis of retinal microcirculation].

A new instrument using the laser speckle phenomenon for non-invasive two-dimensional analysis of the retinal microcirculation was developed. The fundus was illuminated with an argon laser spot and its image speckle was detected with an area sensor. The difference between the average of output data (Imean) and output data for successive scannings of the image speckles at the sensor plane was calculated and integrated to give Dmean, and Imean/Dmean is defined as normalized blur (NB), which is a quantitative index of blood flow velocity. The results were displayed in color graphics showing the two-dimensional variation of the NB level in the area of interest. The NB had a good correlation with the speed of rotation of the ground glass in a range between 5 and 120 mm/sec. Using this instrument, the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on the microcirculation of the rabbit retina was studied. The coefficient of reproducibility was 9.2% when measured in the same area twice at 5-minute intervals. A stepwise reduction in the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) was introduced by elevating the IOP manometrically. The NB in the retina was little affected by OPP change when OPP was above 50 mmHg, but below this value the NB decreased as the OPP decreased.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Monitoring of microcirculation of pedicle skin flaps and early division of their pedicles].

In experimental study, microcirculation in 7 human pedicle skin flaps was monitored continuously by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), skin thermometer, and clinical tests. The changes of the microcirculation in flap were divided into three phases: rapid rising (1-4 days after operation); plateau (4-7 days after operation); and slow rising (7 days after operation). The plateau stage was considered as the "critical" period. Early division of the flap within the plateau and the slow rising causes flap survival (100%). In clinical application, we put forward the following objective criteria of early division of pedicle skin flap. The value (PU) of LDF monitoring the flap returned to the preoperative level. The value (PU) returned to or exceeded 50% of that (PU) determined before application of the tourniquet. The skin temperature value between before and after application of the tourniquet was less than 1 degree C. The targets of clinical test showed no significant changes beyond 1 hour with the tourniquet. The time of division was decreased to 6-8 postoperative days in our clinical application.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of traditional and high frequency controlled lung ventilation on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and microcirculation in the lungs].

The absence of direct studies of pulmonary circulation in the majority of papers, as well as the effect of various techniques of controlled lung ventilation on pulmonary microcirculation and the right heart made us start the present investigation. Ultrasound sensors have been implanted on the pulmonary artery cone and aortic arch in 30 healthy cats during thoracotomy under pentobarbital anesthesia (30-40 mg/kg). Blood flow through the pulmonary artery and aorta, as well as their interrelation have been studied using MX-01. BP and PAP were registered using an invasive technique. Computer assessment of other hemodynamic parameters used cardiac output values into the pulmonary artery and into the aorta for the calculation of pulmonary circulation parameters and systemic circulation parameters, respectively. Pulmonary microcirculation has been studied by an original technique of intravital biomicroscopy of the lungs, with the image recorded on the video camera. To determine the index of capillary perfusion a semiautomatic device for image analysis ("Leitz" and "Olivetti") was used. It has been established that in high-frequency jet ventilation there is a redistribution of circulating blood towards systemic circulation. Right ventricular work decreases by 53.6% (p < 0.05) due to a drop in vascular resistance in pulmonary circulation (p < 0.05) and pulmonary artery pressure (p < 0.05), while left ventricular work decreases by 14.8% (p < 0.05). Thus, there is a predominant load reduction in the right heart compartments. In conventional controlled lung ventilation microcirculatory bed of the lungs is subjected to characteristic deformation, i. e. distension enhancing vascular resistance and thus leading to additional load on the right heart compartments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Experimental study on effect of jiawei yupingfeng san on microcirculation and plasma superoxide dismutase activity in old mice].

The effects of Jiawei Yupingfeng San on microcirculation and plasma SOD of old mice were observed. The results showed that the prescription could markedly improve old mice's blood flow of microcirculation, increase their speed of blood flow and raise their plasma TSOD and Cu, Zn-SOD activity, and there was very significant difference compared with control (P < 0.001). The results suggested that this prescription had the effects of improving the quality of life and delaying the aging of organism.

Aging↗

PubMed1993

Effect of aging on retinal macular microcirculation: a blue field simulation study.

PURPOSE: Structural changes in the retina are known to occur with aging. This study was performed to investigate whether aging also affects the retinal macular microcirculation. METHODS: Healthy volunteers with ages ranging from 20 to 78 years (mean +/- SD, 49 +/- 19 years) were included in this study. The retinal macular microcirculation was assessed with the blue field simulation technique, based on the blue field entoptic phenomenon. Subjects were asked to match the velocity and density of computer-simulated particles displayed on a screen with those of their entoptically observed leukocytes. Ten matching trials were performed, and an average leukocyte velocity and density were calculated. RESULTS: Significant negative linear correlations were observed between velocity and age (P = 0.0001) and density and age (P = 0.009). Older subjects (50 to 78 years of age) had a significantly slower velocity (0.61 +/- 0.21 mm/s) and smaller density (90 +/- 43 particles per field of view) than younger subjects (0.92 +/- 0.12 mm/s and 135 +/- 65 particles, respectively; unpaired Student's t-test, P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in normal subjects, retinal macular blood flow decreases with age. The 20% decrease in average velocity with age is very similar to the age-related decrease in number of cells observed in the human foveal ganglion cell layer.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Endothelium-dependent regulation of the ophthalmic microcirculation in the perfused porcine eye: role of nitric oxide and endothelins.

PURPOSE: The endothelium produces nitric oxide and endothelin (ET). This study was designed to investigate the endothelium-dependent regulation of the porcine ophthalmic microcirculation. METHODS: Isolated porcine eyes were perfused with a modified Langendorff setup (Hugo Sachs Elektronik KG, Freiburg, Germany) at a perfusion pressure of 80 cm H2O with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (37 degrees C; 95% O2, 5% CO2). RESULTS: The inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME; 10(-6) to 10(-4) M), evoked decreases in flow (maximal decrease, 39% +/- 6%; P < 0.005 versus control). The endothelium-dependent vasodilator bradykinin evoked increases in ophthalmic flow (maximal increase, 26% +/- 2%; P < 0.05 versus control) prevented by L-NAME. The effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10(-12) to 10(-11) M) on flow was biphasic, with early vasodilation (1 to 2 minutes) and late vasoconstriction. At 10(-12) M, the increase in flow was most pronounced (24% +/- 5%; P < 0.05 versus control), whereas 10(-10) M caused only significant decreases in flow (59% +/- 5%; P < 0.001 versus control). Endothelin-3 (ET-3) evoked similar vasodilator effects as ET-1 but less vasoconstriction. The vasodilator effects of ET-3 were prevented by pretreatment of the eye with indomethacin (10(-5) M, to block the production of prostaglandins; P < 0.05 versus control). The endothelinA receptor antagonist FR-139317 significantly reduced vasoconstriction to ET-1 (10(-10) M; P < 0.001 versus control). The thromboxane analogue (U-46619) reduced flow in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001 versus control). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelium-derived nitric oxide released under basal conditions or stimulated by bradykinin significantly regulated flow to the porcine ophthalmic microcirculation. This vasodilator system may play an important protective role against vasospasm. In contrast, ET-1 has vasodilator effects through the release of prostaglandins and potent vasoconstrictor properties mediated through ETA receptors.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[The effects of exogenous and endogenous dopamine on the gastric microcirculation and their action sites in rat stomach].

The effect of exogenous and endogenous dopamine on the gastric microcirculation and their action sites on stomach were investigated by laser Doppler flowmetry, histochemistry, electron microscopy and radioautography. The effects of graded doses of dopamine on the gastric mucosal blood flow were different from those on the systemic blood flow, implying that there may exist a dopaminergic control of gastric mucosal blood flow independent from the systemic circulation. By histochemical observations of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) infused preparations, HRP was found to be distributed mainly to the arterioles and venules at the base of the gastric mucosa with a high dose of dopamine which may contributed to open the arterio-venular shunt either at the base of mucosa or in the submucosa. Pretreatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor and/or 6-hydroxydopamine caused changes in the levels of endogenous catecholamine (dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) in the stomach wall. An imbalanced catecholamine in the stomach wall, particularly an increase in DA, decreased gastric mucosal blood flow. Radioautographic studies revealed that D1-receptors are located mainly on the arterioles in the lower part of the mucosa and submucosa, while D2-receptors are located mainly on the muscularis mucosae and on the collecting venules. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nerve fibers possibly corresponding to the dopaminergic fiber were evident in the vicinity to the arterioles, venules, and muscularis mucosae. Some TH-positive fibers were extended to the true capillaries in the mucosa. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase positive fibers were noted near the arterioles and venules both in the submucosa and the lower portion of mucosal layer. Based on the above results, the dopaminergic mechanisms are considered to be involved in the regulation of the gastric mucosal microcirculation through the dopaminergic nerves.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a human urinary kininogenase (SK-827) on cerebral and cutaneous microcirculation in rabbits.

Pharmacological effects of a human urinary kininogenase (SK-827) on the cerebral and cutaneous microcirculation were studied in anesthetized normal rabbits. Intravenous administration of SK-827 had no effect on the diameter of pial arterioles or the hemoglobin content (IHb) of the brain. On the other hand, SK-827 increased IHb of the skin, dose-dependently and dilated cutaneous arterioles transiently with increased capillary red blood cell velocity. These findings suggest that the pharmacological effects of SK-827 on the microcirculation of the brain and the skin differ from each other due to the activity of the autoregulatory mechanism.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Microcirculation of skeletal muscle after ischemia and reperfusion].

The postischemic reperfusion-damage in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle is characterized by 1) heterogenous capillary perfusion with capillary perfusion deficiency ("no reflow"), 2) microvascular accumulation of leukocytes, which adhere to the endothelium of postcapillary venules, and 3) increase of vessel permeability with swelling of endothelial cells and with interstitial edema. Two models of pathomechanism may be differentiated: The capillary perfusion-deficiency of the no-reflow phenomenon prolongs the duration of ischemia extending the period of postischemic reperfusion and induces the tissue-damage by further decrease of tissue-pH, by loss of energy rich phosphates and by a deficit of oxygen supply to tissue. On the other hand, reperfusion with consecutive reentry of molecular oxygen into the microvasculature provokes the formation of oxygen-radicals and the accumulation of leukocytes adhering to the endothelium of postcapillary venules ("reflow-paradox"). The activated white blood cells release additional oxygen-radicals and deliver aggressive mediators, such as proteases, cytokines and eicosanoids, which have chemotactic influence on leukocytes. This results in a vicious circle in which oxygen-radicals and mediators are responsible for the augmentation of postischemic tissue-damage. Prophylactic isovolemic hemodilution to a hematocrit of 30% with dextran 60 reduces the postischemic capillary perfusion deficiency (no reflow); therapy with "oxygen radical scavengers" and xanthinoxydase-inhibitors reduces accumulation/adherence of leukocytes as well as the damage to the endothelial lining with increased microvascular permeability (reflow-paradox). Intermittent reperfusion/reoxygenation influences both components of postischemic microcirculation damage and is therefore a simple clinical approach for reducing the ischemia/reperfusion-syndrome in elective surgery.

Animals↗