Overlapping advance control systems for microelectrode positioning.
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A method using a oxyacetylene torch flame is described; it makes it possible to obtain easily and rapidly, without skill or special equipment, a tungsten micro-electrode tip in a very few seconds.
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A method is decribed for marking the tip position of fine (1-4 microns) capillary electrodes following recording. Evans blue dissolved in teleost Ringer, which at the same time serves as recording electrolyte, is deposited by iontophoresis. In frozen sections the spots appear as blue labelled neurones with a light microscope, or as a brilliant red neurones surrounded by reddish tissue with a fluorescence microscope. Counterstaining with cresyl fast violet (nissl stain) is possible.
A method is described for the construction of a 6-barrel electrode, enabling intra- or extracellular recording from a protruding barrel and iontophoretic ejection from the remaining 5 barrels. This method enables each laboratory to employ the recording electrode most suitable for its research. The supplied needed for the assembly of the 6-barrel electrodes are readily available and economical. The assembly of this 'piggy-back' electrode requires, with a minimal amount of practice, only 10-15 min.
DOI (1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane) significantly depressed end plate current (EPC) amplitude. It decreased quantum content, increased the extent of neurally evoked EPC rundown during the train, produced a nonlinear current-voltage relationship, shortened time constant of decay, and depressed iontophoretically evoked EPC. The depressant response of DOI on EPC amplitude was antagonized by 5-HT1-like receptor antagonists, but was resistant to 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. This suggests that inhibitory 5-HT receptors roughly correspond to 5-HT1-like receptors.
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A 10 micron diameter gold microvoltammetric electrode, opsonised with human IgG, was used to study the respiratory burst of a single human neutrophil. The electrode oxidised superoxide produced near its surface by the neutrophil back to dioxygen. It is suggested that the current so detected is proportional to the rate of superoxide production by the NADPH oxidase of a single cell. In all cases the response consisted of a relatively rapid rise in current after cell addition, followed by a 2-phase decay. It is further suggested that this complex decay results from the production of superoxide being rate-limited initially by the NADPH concentration and later by the coupled metabolism of the hexose monophosphate shunt.