PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PASTEURELLA INFECTIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Complicated infectious coryza outbreaks in Argentina.

Seventeen complicated outbreaks of infectious coryza in layer, broiler-breeder, and broiler flocks were studied. In the layer flock outbreaks, drops in egg production of up to 35% were seen. In the broiler flocks and several of the layer flocks, losses due to persistent mortality and/or culling varied between 2 and 5%. Signs of infectious coryza in both layers and broiler-breeders were typical; in broilers, however, swollen head-like syndrome was seen. Except in one flock, no viral diseases were clinically or serologically detected. Excluding broiler-breeders, birds from most other flocks were serologically positive for Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and some were also positive for M. synoviae. Haemophilus paragallinarum was isolated from all of the outbreaks, but only as a pure culture in three outbreaks. Isolation of H. paragallinarum from sites such as liver, kidney, and particularly tarsal arthritis and ocular globes appears to be reported for the first time. Serovar A was isolated in eight outbreaks, serovar B in six, serovar C in one, and untypable serovars in two. The severity of these infectious coryza outbreaks may have been increased by concurrent salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, and mycoplasmosis, although under certain conditions H. paragallinarum is able to cause septicemia. Ten of the outbreaks occurred in birds vaccinated against infectious coryza; this may be due to the use of vaccines that do not provide protection against the types of H. paragallinarum that affect poultry in the region.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pasteurella multocida isolation from a tuboovarian abscess. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Human infection with Pasteurella multocida occurs most commonly following a nonhuman animal bite wound or cat scratch, with local skin and soft tissue infections the most frequent posttraumatic manifestations. Genitourinary tract pathology attributable to this organism occurs infrequently, with only one previous reported case of P multocida infection presenting in the form of a tuboovarian abscess. CASE: A 44-year-old woman with an acute abdomen underwent exploratory laparotomy, revealing a right-sided tuboovarian abscess. Following a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with a seven-day postoperative course of intravenous metronidazole, ampicillin and gentamicin, the patient was sent home on a regimen of cephradine, only to return with sepsis three days later. A course of intravenous aqueous penicillin sodium, metronidazole and cefotaxime was administered for the treatment of P multocida sepsis since this organism was identified in the intraoperative pelvic fluid culture 24 hours after the patient's initial discharge. After 13 days of the above regimen, the patient achieved full defervescence and was discharged on hospital day 15. CONCLUSION: In the setting of a tuboovarian abscess, the clinician should consider P multocida as a potential etiologic agent, especially in a patient with extensive exposure to nonhuman animals. In the treatment of an acute adnexal infection secondary to this organism, one should employ perioperative therapy with the appropriate antibiotics for a duration of at least 14 days.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of the measurement of leukotriene B4 concentrations in exhaled condensate as a noninvasive method for assessing mediators of inflammation in the lungs of calves.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of an inflammatory mediator in exhaled condensate could provide a noninvasive method for evaluating lungs of calves. ANIMALS: 84 calves < or = 2 months old. PROCEDURE: Concentration of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was evaluated in the exhaled condensate of healthy calves and calves with experimentally induced respiratory tract infections. For collection of samples of exhaled condensate, the total amount of exhaled air was directed into a cooled double-jacketed tube. Each tube was sealed and stored at -80 C. The LTB4 concentration was measured, using an ELISA. RESULTS: In exhaled condensates of clinically healthy calves, normally distributed and highly reproducible LTB4 concentrations (mean +/- SD, 116.1 +/- 55.4 pg/ml) were measured. After experimentally induced infection with Pasteurella multocida serovar D, LTB4 in exhaled condensate increased significantly (mean, 179% increase), compared with basal concentrations before infection; this increase in LTB4 was significantly correlated with deterioration in lung function. In 2 of 4 calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, the LTB4 concentration in exhaled condensate increased (300 to 400% increase), compared with baseline values, which was associated with development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness after infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Collection of exhaled condensate is tolerated well by calves and is an acceptable method for obtaining fluid from exhaled air originating from the lungs. This method provides alternatives for diagnosing and evaluating treatment of naturally acquired and experimentally induced diseases of the lungs and airways in calves.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic septicaemia in the buffalo.

The pathogenesis of haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffalo infected with Pasteurella multocida is poorly understood. However, the characteristic of sudden onset leading to the rapid death of infected animals is similar to that seen in other clinical conditions known to involve endotoxic shock. The objectives of the work were to assess the contribution of endotoxaemia to the disease's pathogenesis and to characterize the pathophysiological reaction, including the acute phase response, of buffalo to experimental infection with P. multocida serotype B:2, the bacterium responsible for the disease in Asia. After intranasal infection of eight buffaloes with a culture of a field isolate of P. multocida serotype B:2, three animals succumbed to the disease at 26-30 h post-infection (p.i.) and five survived. Rectal temperatures of infected animals rose to a peak at about 10 h p.i. and surviving animals showed a second peak in rectal temperature at 36 h p.i. Endotoxin was present only in serum of non-surviving animals 3-5 h before death or killing during which time concentrations increased rapidly, correlating with the development of overt clinical signs and reductions in rectal temperature, concentrations of white blood cells, serum thyroxine, iron, copper and zinc, an increase in serum haptoglobin and cortisol and the detection of a low-grade bacteraemia. A strong acute phase response was maintained in surviving animals with a progressive rise in serum haptoglobin over 96 h p.ia slow rise in the serum copper concentration from 24 h p.i. and an increase, from about 65 h p.iin serum alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein. The findings demonstrate that a progressive endotoxaemia and associated sequelae correlates with the development of overt haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and sudden death in buffalo.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed2000

Dual infection with Pneumocystis carinii and Pasteurella pneumotropica in B cell-deficient mice: diagnosis and therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathologic findings, and elimination of dual respiratory tract infection with Pasteurella pneumotropica and Pneumocystis carinii were studied in 100 adult barrier-reared C.B17 and MRL- lpr mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the JH region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. METHODS: Necropsy, aerobic bacteriologic culture of hematogenous and pulmonary tissues, histochemical staining of pulmonary tissues, polymerase chain reaction analysis of pulmonary tissues and feces, and viral serologic testing were performed on 19 clinically affected mice and 8 clinically normal mice, then later on antibiotic-treated and caesarian re-derived mice. Therapeutic strategies included sequential administration of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin or enrofloxacin administration and caesarian rederivation. RESULTS: Clinically affected mice had diffuse, nonsuppurative, interstitial pneumonia with superimposed pyogranulomatous lobar pneumonia that was detected microscopically. Affected lung tissue yielded pure culture of P. pneumotropica. Aged-matched, clinically normal mice of both genotypes had interstitial histiocytic pneumonia without lobar pneumonia, and P. pneumotropica was not isolated. Histochemical staining of lung tissues from normal and clinically affected mice revealed scattered cysts consistent with P. carinii, principally in the interstitium. Treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and enrofloxacin eliminated bacteriologic detection of P. pneumotropica, decreased mortality from 50% to 6%, and improved breeding performance. CONCLUSION: A successful antibiotic therapy and rederivation approach, incorporating enrofloxacin, cesarian section, and isolator rearing, was developed for B cell-deficient mice with opportunistic infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The Pasteurella multocida nrfE gene is upregulated during infection and is essential for nitrite reduction but not for virulence.

Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of a range of diseases with economic importance in production animals. Many systems have been employed to identify virulence factors of P. multocida, including in vivo expression technology (IVET), signature-tagged mutagenesis, and whole-genome expression profiling. In a previous study in which IVET was used with P. multocida, nrfE was identified as a gene that is preferentially expressed in vivo. In Escherichia coli, nrfE is part of the formate-dependent nitrite reductase system involved in utilizing available nitrite as an electron accepter during growth under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we constructed an isogenic P. multocida strain that was unable to reduce nitrite under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, thereby demonstrating that P. multocida nrfE is essential for nitrite reduction. However, the nrfE mutant was still virulent in mice. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that nrfE was regulated independently of nrfABCD by an independent promoter that is likely to be upregulated in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pasteurella multocida--the major cause of hand infections following domestic animal bites.

Pasteurella multocida is a common cause of infection following bites or scratches caused by dogs and (especially) cats. It is rarely reported, however, and apparently often overlooked as a pathogen. The typical clinical manifestation is a rapidly developing cellulitis at the site of injury. The infection is potentially dangerous and can cause a chronic local infection of deep tissues and osteomyelitis. It responds well to several antimicrobials, with penicillin being drug of choice. Fifty-five patients are reported--72% with cat bites and/or scratches and 28% with dog bites. Ninety-two percent of the wounds went deeply through the skin. All patients presented for treatment 12 to 72 hours after receiving the animal wounds to their hands. Drainage from all wounds was serosanguineous or purulent, and cultures taken were positive for P. multocida. All of the wounds responded to surgical drainage and penicillin. One patient developed osteomyelitis. The acute onset of cellulitis, lymphangitis, and serosanguineous or purulent drainage from hand wounds 12 to 24 hours after cat or dog bites should suggest P. multocida as the predominant etiologic agent. Immediate surgical drainage and penicillin therapy is the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Synergistic action of E. coli endotoxin and Pasteurella multocida type A for the induction of bronchopneumonia in pigs.

This study aimed to investigate whether Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS) may predispose the lung to an infection with Pasteurella multocida type A (Pma) and to determine the LPS concentration needed to reproduce clinical signs of bronchopneumonia. Twenty-four hours before inoculating Pma or sterile growth medium, piglets were tracheally instilled with 10, 100 or 400 microg/kg LPS. Cough, body temperature, daily weight gain (DWG) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and volume of pneumonic lung were measured. Changes in breathing pattern (Penh) were assessed by whole body barometric plethysmography. No significant changes were observed in Pma-treated or in control animals. Each LPS doses induced DWG reduction while the higher generated a severe subacute interstitial pneumonia causing hyperthermia and an increase in Penh. The combination of the lower LPS doses with Pma produced an asymptomatic bronchopneumonia leading to DWG reduction, rise in Penh and an increase in BALF macrophages and neutrophils. With 400 microg/kg LPS, Pma worsened the inflammatory process as illustrated by cough, hyperthermia, major DWG reduction and by a greater Penh response. Lung lesions consisted of severe exudative bronchopneumonia. We concluded that LPS may negatively influence growth, predispose to persisting lung inflammatory process and promote Pma infection depending on the dose previously administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A modified barrier system for maintenance of Pasteurella-free rabbits.

A modified barrier system for maintaining Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits in an animal facility also housing Pasteurella multocida-infected rabbits was implemented. All research and laboratory animal technical personnel performed their duties involving non-infected rabbits prior to working with infected rabbits housed in separate rooms of the facility. Bacterial culture data involving mature rabbits indicated a 17% infection rate when Pasteurella-free rabbits were housed in a conventional manner for 3-6 months prior to institution of the modified barrier. No transmission of Pasteurella multocida from infected to non-infected rabbits housed in separate rooms was observed during 6 months of maintenance after initiation of the modified barrier system.

Animals↗