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Results for “Persons with Visual Disabilities”

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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effects of cataract type and location on visual function: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To measure the effect of cataract type, severity and location on presenting, and best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and glare disability. METHODS: In all, 3654 (82.4% participation rate) eligible noninstitutionalised residents aged 49 years or older, living in two postcode areas of the Blue Mountains, Australia, received detailed eye examinations including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and glare disability testing. Data from right eyes were analysed using multiple regression modelling. RESULTS: The effect of age on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity only became evident in persons aged at least 60 years. Cataract severity was inversely related to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Late posterior subcapsular cataract caused the greatest reduction in visual acuity. Early grade cataract caused significant reduction in contrast sensitivity at intermediate and high spatial frequencies, but late grade cataract reduced contrast sensitivity across all spatial frequencies. There was insufficient study power to detect consistent significant effect of cataract on glare disability tests or cortical cataract location on visual function. CONCLUSIONS: Age at least 60 years, cataract type, and cataract severity were principal determinants of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in this study. Axial and superotemporally located cortical cataract had the greatest effect on visual function tests.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The ophthalmic registered nurse's responsibility to the adult patient with low vision.

A key goal in the care of adult patients with low vision is to help them focus on their visual abilities rather than their disabilities. This article presents information that every ophthalmic nurse can use to teach patients with low vision some practical ways to change their personal environment to enhance visibility and safety. There are also some myths and misunderstandings about low vision that the nurse can dispel. Before referring patients to low-vision specialty clinics or organizations, every ophthalmic nurse can begin the visual rehabilitation for patients with low vision.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

The disablement process: factors associated with progression of disability and recovery in French elderly people.

PURPOSE: To study the factors associated with progression, recovery and death from different grades of disability in elderly people. METHOD: The sample included 3198 participants of the PAQUID ('Personnes Agées QUID') cohort, aged 65 and over and community-dwellers at baseline. Subjects were re-interviewed 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 years after baseline. A five-state Markov model was used to estimate transition intensities between four grades of disability and toward death. We used a hierarchic scale of disability, which combines basic and instrumental activities of daily living and mobility. Several explanatory variables were investigated: medical, personal and environmental factors. RESULTS: The factors associated with progression and/or no recovery of disability were cardiovascular diseases, stroke and diabetes, low cognition, visual impairment and dyspnoea (for pathologies and impairments), older age, female gender, low educational level (for risk factors), depression (for intra-individual factor) and being married, recent hospitalization and number of drugs (for extra-individual factors). Older age, male gender, tobacco consumption and living in an urban area were associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the independent contribution of each group of variables in the disablement process and stress their different impact on progression of disability or on recovery from different grades of disability.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Effects of color on visual discrimination of geometric symbols by severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals.

The effects of color on visual discrimination of symbols by severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals were investigated. In Experiment 1, discriminative training with colors reliably associated with the backgrounds of symbols failed to transfer to those same symbols on black backgrounds. In Experiment 2, however, discriminative training with randomly colored symbols transferred to the same symbols in black. Transfer performance after training with randomly colored symbols was higher than was discriminative responding after identical training with black symbols. In Experiment 3, distinctive feature training with color randomly assigned only to distinctive features of symbols facilitated visual discriminations among symbols and transferred both to black whole symbols and black distinctive features at higher levels than did training with random coloration of entire symbols. These findings were discussed in terms of the attentional deficits of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sensory impairments and health concerns related to the degree of intellectual disability in people with Down syndrome.

The relationship between poor health and cognitive impairment is not fully understood yet. People with Down syndrome are prone to a number of health problems, including congenital heart defect, visual impairment, hearing loss, autoimmune diseases, epilepsy, early-onset Alzheimer's disease and intellectual disability. Our aim was to assess the impact of impaired health on cognitive performance in people with Down syndrome. A series of people with Down syndrome (n=129) were studied for their intellectual disability, sensory impairments and health concerns. The medical and psychological records of all persons with Down syndrome in the Intellectual Disability Service Register of Kainuu from 1970 to 2004 were analysed. The detected health issues were related to the individuals' cognitive levels. Visual impairment, poor dental health and acute neurological disease were associated with the severity of intellectual disability and ageing.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Factor structure of the Schalock and Keith Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL-Q): validation on Mexican and Spanish samples.

BACKGROUND: The Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL-Q) is used widely to evaluate the quality of life of persons with intellectual disability (ID). Its validity for use with Spanish-speaking cultures has been demonstrated for individuals with visual disabilities, but not for those with physical or intellectual disabilities. Such was the purpose of the present study. METHOD: Two samples were administered the QOL-Q under standardized procedures. The first sample was composed of 209 Mexican participants with physical disabilities; the second was composed of 424 Spanish participants with ID. The hypothesis tested was: the applicability (i.e. etic properties) of the measure across countries and respondents would be demonstrated if reliability data and if factor composition were similar to the original measure. Cronbach's alpha was used to test reliability and exploratory factor analyses were used to test validity (i.e. factor structure). RESULTS: Data indicated that the reliability and factor structure was similar to that reported in the questionnaire's standardization manual and consistent with that reported in a number of Anglo-Saxon countries. CONCLUSION: The present study offers additional support for the valid use of the QOL-Q with Spanish-speaking populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Work and disability at the age of 30 years. A sociomedical study of a birth-cohort from Bergen. VIII. Visual impairment; frequency and relation to school background, intellectual ability and encephalopathy.

The study is based on a cohort of 1570 persons consisting of all live births in 1940 of mothers then residing in Bergen. A sample was taken of the cohort after stratification according to type of school attended at the age of 14 years. The sample was supplemented with persons who had either attended Special Schools for the educable mentally retarded or received care from National Services for the mentally retarded. The final sample consisted of 262 persons. Persons in the sample were examined neurologically, and the results of these examinations formed the basis for further ophthalmological examinations. Frequency of visual impairment in the cohort at the age of 30 years, according to relatively strict criterion, is estimated at 4.6% +/- 2.0 %. Frequency was found to increase with a lower level of education (type of school) and decreasing IQ-points. Pathology of the eye was found most frequently among members of the services for the mentally retarded and was associated with encephalopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence and incidence of health problems in people with intellectual disability.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of the most frequent chronic health problems in relation to age in people with intellectual disabilities living in residential facilities in the Netherlands. A prospective cohort study was done with four data collections, each with an interval of one year. Data were collected by means of questionnaires which were completed by each person's physician. Striking results included the reported high prevalence and incidence of visual and hearing impairment, which was even more pronounced in people with Down's syndrome than in people with intellectual disability resulting from other causes. Gastrointestinal problems also appeared to have high incidence rates. Dementia was frequently reported in people with Down's syndrome aged 40 years and older. The results reflect the need for a more predictive policy which can anticipate health problems in people with intellectual disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Orthographic, phonologic, and semantic processing in reading disabled and nondisabled subjects.

In this study the confusability paradigm of Byrne and Shea and Waterman and Lewandowski was modified to include an orthographic condition made possible by presenting stimuli visually rather than aurally. The confusability tasks included a pseudoword-recognition task with only phonologic and orthographic information available for coding and a word-recognition task with phonologic, semantic, and orthographic information available for coding. 20 poor and 20 good readers (13 to 18 years of age) were asked to report whether stimuli had been presented a second time in two continuous lists (pseudoword and word). In contrast to previous work, phonologic confusability was not observed for either group, whereas orthographic confusability was noted for both groups on both tasks. Semantic confusability occurred for both groups on the word task. On these tasks which triggered orthographic and semantic processing (errors) poor readers performed comparably to good readers, suggesting that on a confusability task presented visually they were not disadvantaged.

Achievement↗