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PubMed1993

[Special teachers of physical exercise. A professional group with sufficient competence in rehabilitation].

This article presents a group of professionals outside the traditional health profession field; special teachers in physical education. Their background and education are described, and their potential contributions to medical rehabilitation are discussed. The authors conclude that these teachers possess competence that is needed at many levels of rehabilitation.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin supplementation and physical exercise performance.

Vitamins, just as minerals and trace elements, meet with great interest in the world of sports because of their supposed role in enhancing physical performance. Of the 13 compounds now considered as vitamins, most water-soluble vitamins and vitamin E are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. The influence of vitamin supplementation on mitochondrial metabolism is largely unknown. The principal argument for vitamin supplementation is the assumed increased vitamin requirement of athletes. Theoretically, an increased requirement can be caused by decreased absorption by the gastrointestinal tract, increased excretion in sweat, urine and faeces, increased turnover, as well as biochemical adaptation to training. Of course, a marginal low vitamin status can simply be the consequence of a long-term inadequate intake. However, considering the RDAs there are no indications that long-term vitamin intake among athletes is insufficient. Neither are there indications that vitamin excretion or turnover is increased in athletes. However, it is very likely that the (apparently) increased requirement is the consequence of biochemical adaptation to training and does not indicate a decreased intake. Although a marginal vitamin status, induced by inadequate vitamin intake, may have a negative effect on performance, there is no evidence to support the view that this occurs in trained athletes. Moreover, vitamin supplementation in athletes with an adequate vitamin status has no effect on physical working capacity. Possibly, exceptions have to be made for the use of vitamin E at high altitudes and for the use of vitamin C and multiple B-vitamin supplements in hot climates.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between electrical skin resistance and rectal temperature in man during physical exercise.

Electrical skin resistance (ESR) and rectal temperature (Tre) were examined in 13 unacclimated human subjects performing bicycle exercise at an intensity of 50% VO2max. After the beginning of exercise the electrical skin resistance decreased according to an exponential curve with a delay of 4 min and time constant of 9 min. The dynamic parameters of ESR were shorter than those reported for sweating. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between individual time constants of ESR and increases in rectal temperature of the subjects (r = 0.705, p less than 0.01). It is concluded that measurement of dynamics of the electrical skin resistance may be useful for estimation of thermal effects in exercising subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Correlation of M235T DNA polymorphism with cardiovascular and endocrine responses during physical exercise in healthy subjects.

In our experiments, we evaluated the possible effect of M235T molecular variant of the angiotensinogen gene on the response to a physical workload. A group of volunteers was composed of healthy male subjects, approximately of the same weight and height, same age and not actively trained. None of these subjects was under any medication. Blood sampling was carried out via an indwelling catheter. Besides blood pressure and heart rate, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were measured in the blood. Our results suggest that only the response of diastolic blood pressure during submaximal exercise corresponded to the presence of M235T molecular variant. In all other parameters we found no significant correlation of the response with the M235T molecular variant.

Adult↗