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PubMed2002

Optimization of sputum-processing methods for the measurement of interleukin-5: effects of protease inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-5 measurement in sputum samples has produced variable results that appear to be due to methodological problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dithiothreitol (DTT), sputum protease inhibition and sample storage on IL-5 recovery in order to develop a method to accurately measure IL-5 in dispersed sputum supernatant. METHODOLOGY: Measurement of IL-5 in sputum was performed in 22 subjects with airway disease. Interleukin-5 recovery was measured in samples spiked with recombinant human IL-5 using a commercial ELISA. A mix of four protease inhibitors (PI) was added to sputum processed using the selection method with dispersion using DTT and stored with and without inhibitors. RESULTS: The addition of PI to sputum resulted in a 24% increase in IL-5 recovery. Recovery was not further increased with the addition of a blocking protein. Storage of IL-5-spiked sputum gave significantly less recovery. The addition of PI to sputum processed with DTT had no effect on total cell count, viability or cell differential. CONCLUSION: Interleukin-5 recovery is increased by the addition of PI to samples processed using the selected portion method with DTT dispersion. A protease inhibitor cocktail should be added to sputum for IL-5 assay.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Proceedings of a consensus conference: blood-borne HIV and hepatitis-optimizing the donor selection process.

Over the past several years, concern for the safety of blood transfusion has evolved from a primary focus on bacterial infections such as syphilis to viral infections including hepatitis B, C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and most recently, the theoretical risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). As a result of these changes, blood bankers have found themselves faced with the dilemma of balancing the rights of transfusion recipients to receive safe blood products, with the rights of individuals wishing to donate blood as an altruistic contribution to society.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Genetic algorithm optimization for pre-processing and variable selection of spectroscopic data.

MOTIVATION: The major difficulties relating to mathematical modelling of spectroscopic data are inconsistencies in spectral reproducibility and the black box nature of the modelling techniques. For the analysis of biological samples the first problem is due to biological, experimental and machine variability which can lead to sample size differences and unavoidable baseline shifts. Consequently, there is often a requirement for mathematical correction(s) to be made to the raw data if the best possible model is to be formed. The second problem prevents interpretation of the results since the variables that most contribute to the analysis are not easily revealed; as a result, the opportunity to obtain new knowledge from such data is lost. METHODS: We used genetic algorithms (GAs) to select spectral pre-processing steps for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic data. We demonstrate a novel approach for the selection of important discriminatory variables by GA from FT-IR spectra for multi-class identification by discriminant function analysis (DFA). RESULTS: The GA selects sensible pre-processing steps from a total of approximately 10(10) possible mathematical transformations. Application of these algorithms results in a 16% reduction in the model error when compared against the raw data model. GA-DFA recovers six variables from the full set of 882 spectral variables against which a satisfactory DFA model can be formed; thus inferences can be made as to the biochemical differences that are reflected by these spectral bands.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1977

[Principles for optimizing and guaging several processes in the technology of vaccine production. II. Modeling processes of thermal inactivation of microorganisms].

The paper treats of some problems pertinent to modelling of thermal inactivation of the microbes serving as a theoretical foundation for the achievement of guaranteed sterility of the equipment, communications and fluids. The principal attention is devoted to the problems of quantitative assessment of the efficacy of the mentioned processes. The advantages and the drawbacks of some deterministic and probability models which found application in microbiological laboratories are assessed. The expediency of orientation on a model proposing the use of characteristics of thermal resistance of the microorganisms and considering the heterogeneity of the actual populations by the thermoresistance index was demonstrated.

Bacillus↗