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1,044 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The role of iloprost in vascular surgery].

Use of prostanoids in vascular surgery is valuable in various conditions: intra and postoperatively, during limb salvage procedures, they are useful to lower peripheral resistances, and in patients with limited gangrene, when surgery is not feasible, they improve limb blood flow. After some years of subjective clinical evaluation, multicentric randomized clinical trials started; the aim was to quantify the real benefit derived from the use of prostanoids to the evolution of limb ischemia and to the improvement of results of surgical revascularization. We have not yet definitive results; preliminary data show a better immediate patency rate of femoro-distal bypass grafts and a critical reduction in long term limb amputations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1995

A new in-vitro model to investigate antibiotic penetration of the intervertebral disc.

We have studied the ability of a range of antibiotics to penetrate intervertebral disc tissue in vitro, using a mouse disc model. Equilibrium concentrations of antibiotics incorporated into the entire disc were determined by bioassay using a microbial growth-inhibition method. Uptake was significantly higher with positively-charged aminoglycosides compared with negatively-charged penicillins and cephalosporins. Uncharged ciprofloxacin showed an intermediate degree of uptake. Our results support the hypothesis that electrostatic interaction between charged antibiotics and negatively-charged glycosaminoglycans in the disc is an important factor in antibiotic penetration, and may explain their differential uptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Concentrations of erythromycin in serum and tonsil: comparison of the estolate and ethyl succinate suspensions.

Concentrations of erythromycin were measured in serum and tonsil from children who had received either the estolate or ethyl succinate suspension before surgery. The in vitro assay measured total erythromycin activity against a group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. Levels of erythromycin in serum and tonsil after single and multiple doses of the estolate were significantly higher than those after administration of the ethyl succinate. The therapeutic implications of these findings are unknown.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1993

In situ saphenous vein bypass for limb salvage.

A total of 130 infrapopliteal in situ saphenous vein bypasses were performed in 128 patients between January 1980 and June 1991. The indication for surgery was critical ischaemia with impending limb loss in 121 patients; seven suffered from severe claudication. The distal anastomosis was to the popliteal artery below the knee in 60 cases (46.2%) and in 70 (53.8%) to the tibioperoneal arteries. The results, in terms of secondary patency and limb salvage rates, of the first 68 procedures (1980-1985) and subsequent 62 (1986-June 1991) were compared. In the first period, a secondary patency rate of 42.6% and a limb salvage rate of 67.0% were obtained, compared with 71.3 and 80.8% respectively in the second. These differences are significant for patency (P < 0.005) and limb salvage (P < 0.01). These results show that the in situ technique can give acceptable results but a learning period with a high percentage of early failures is to be expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Transfer of organisms during exchange of heat and moisture in air conditioning installations (author's transl)].

With the exhaust air from ventilation and air conditioning installations escaping into the open, the heat content is also lost which fresh air from outside obtains at considerable expense of energy and technical equipment. The heat content, on the other hand, consists of about equal proportions of sensible heat and latent heat which is associated with the moisture content of the air. In order to regain the heat content of the escaping air so as to be able to use it again - and this is becoming increasingly important with rising energy costs - heat exchangers are necessary which remove the heat content from the exhaust air and transfer it to the fresh air from outside. With the high proportion of latent heat, this energy exchange is only effective if the latent heat can also be regained. For this purpose it is essential to have exchange surfaces which store and transfer both heat and moisture. To achieve this they must come into contact with the exhaust air stream and the fresh air stream alternately. Technically, this is done in a simple way by resolving rotor-like storage material. But a rigid separation of the air streams is no longer possible. Even if it is known that there are very highly developed sealing elements between the fixed and moving parts, the question whether particles from the exhaust air can get into the newly introduced outside air through the rotating storage material still gains in importance in certain types of usuage. For example, this is of importance for hospitals, especially in the operation areas in which air conditioning is desirable for 24 hours daily on hygienic grounds, but also in schools and offices where the present normal practice, for economic reasons, of recirculating air is to be avoided to stop the transference of infections pathogens and odours. In various places, experiments have been carried out earlier with heat exchangers consisting of asbestos board and with rotating storage material coated with lithium chloride and a particularly high degree of exchange achieved. The experiments are published and had the result that nothing was transferred which could give rise to objection. Yet these experiments have been criticised from various points of view.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMed1976

[Species makeup, biological activity and antibiotic sensitivity of the microbes isolated from patients with a surgical infection].

Specimens from 227 patients with purulent surgical infections of various localization were tested. The microbial growth was observed in 87.6 per cent of the patients, staphylococci being found in 80.8 per cent of them. The plasma coagulating properties were detected in the staphylococci from 84.2 per cent of the patients among the total number of the staphylococcal isolates. Staphylococci were mostly isolated from the patients with osteomyelitis, infected wounds. Monocultures of the microbes and associations were found in 78.8 and 22.1 per cent of the patients respectively. The microbial associations were observed most often in cases with the diseases of the respiratory organs or abdominal cavity and osteomyelitis as compared to the cases with infected wounds. As dependent on the origin, the staphylococci in the patients of various groups differed by their phage type characteristics. Most of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, monomycin and neomycin (84 to 99.1 per cent). The antibiotic sensitive staphylococci were isolated more frequent from the cases with osteomyelitis and the diseases of the respiratory organs as compared to the other nosological forms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental study of an aerosol preparation containing gentamicin (gentasol)].

Composition of a suspension aerosol drug, gentasol for local application was developed. It contained gentamycin and prednisolon. The antimicrobial properties of the drug were studied in vitro. It was found that gentasol had a pronounced antimicrobiol effect and inhibited the growth of many microorganisms including cultures resistant to other antibiotics. The drug was active against Ps. aeruginosa and Proteus, which is an advantage of it as compared to other antibiotic aerosol drugs. The study showed that gentasol had self-sterilizing properties.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1997

Surgical treatment of popliteal artery aneurysm. A 20 year experience.

OBJECTIVES: A retrospective study to evaluate the treatment, long term follow-up and factors affecting revascularization results particularly in regard to clinical presentation and prosthetic materials used after 20 years of experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1974 and September 1995 there were 67 popliteal aneurysms in 58 patients. Three patients underwent a primary amputation because of irreversible ischaemia and 3 patients a surgical sympathectomy. Operative repair was performed in 61 cases: as an emergency in 9 (14.7%) limbs and as an elective procedure in 52 (85.3%) limbs. Graft replacement was performed employing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts in 34 (55.7%) cases 13 of which with Ringed PTFE, autogenous saphenous vein in 10 (16.4%) cases and Dacron in 17 (27.9%). RESULTS: The cumulative primary patency (CP) and limb salvage rate (LS) at 10 years were 75.1% and 83.3% respectively. We divided the patients into two groups: asymptomatic (Group I) and symptomatic with limb threatening ischemia (Group II). At 10 years the CP in Group I and II were 78.2% vs 67.2% respectively (p < 0.05 at 18 months) and the LS 87.4% vs 74.6% (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in terms of CP and LS rate between saphenous vein and PTFE. The use of PTFE grafts avoided harvesting of the long saphenous vein; this resulted in a significantly reduced operation time (135 +/- 18.6 vs 195 +/- 22.4 minutes, p < 0.001) and length of stay (7.4 vs 8.8 days, p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that elective repair is indicated in all patients with popliteal aneurysm > or = 2 cm to avoid a critical ischemia with poorer results in terms of CP and LS. In the last 3 years our technique of choice is the exclusion of the aneurysm with a short PTFE bypass with good long-term of CP and LS rates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The multiphase character of methane fermentation of cellulose].

An enrichment culture producing methane from cellulose was studied. The culture is a system of changing microbial populations realizing various pathways of methane formation. This change of microbial associations is expressed in three phases of growth; each phase is characterized by its maximum of methane production. The first maximum is related to accumulation and utilization of propionic acid. The second maximum is due to methane formation from acetate by Methanosarcina. One of the possible pathways regulating the methanogenous ecosystem is the action of concentrations of the main metabolites--glucose and the products of its fermentation.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of agar percentage, agar thickness, and medium constituents on antibiotics assay by disc diffusion method.

The factors affecting the sensitivity of nafcillin, vancomycin, oleandomycin, chloramphenicol, methacycline and novobiocin assay, using the paper disc diffusion method, were studied. Agar concentration and pour volume were found to influence the assay sensitivity of antibiotics. The type of assay medium was effective e.g. brain heart infusion agar was the best medium for nafcillin and methacycline; synthetic amino acid medium for oleandomycin; Muller Hinton agar for vancomycin and chloramphenicol; and G & R medium for novobiovicin. All additives, including inorganic ions, sugar, organic acids, complexing agents, surface active agents and blood, decreased the activities of the studied antibiotics. Higher activities of vancomycin, methacycline were observed at pH = 5, of nafcillin, chloramphenicol, and novobiocin at pH = 6, and of oleandomycin at pH = 7.

Agar↗