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PubMed2001

Identification of two rodent genes encoding homologues to seminal vesicle autoantigen: a gene family including the gene for prolactin-inducible protein.

We cloned two new paralogous genes that encode proteins homologous to seminal vesicle autoantigen (SVA) in rodents. The open reading frame of one mouse gene encodes a polypeptide consisting of 151 amino acid residues which has 43% identity to SVA. RT-PCR analysis showed selective expression in the colon, and thus the protein was tentatively named "SVA-like protein in the colon (SLP-C)". The other mouse gene has an open reading frame encoding 144 amino acid residues with 46 and 65% identity to SVA and SLP-C, respectively. Expression of this gene was detected in the mammary, submaxillary, parotid, and lacrimal glands, and this protein was named "SLP in the mammary gland (SLP-M)". Orthologs of both genes were also found in rats. The three homologous genes coding for SVA, SLP-C, and SLP-M may have been generated by gene duplication with divergence of tissue expression in the course of evolution. They comprise a unique structurally-related gene family. Moreover, these genes share significant sequence homology with that of another secretory glycoprotein, prolactin-inducible protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Androgen and estrogen effect on guinea pig seminal vesicle muscle: a combined stereological and biochemical study.

A combined electron microscopic stereological and biochemical study of the smooth muscle cells of guinea pig seminal vesicles was performed in intact, castrated, castrated and dihydrotestosterone- or estradiol-treated adult animals. Castration led to cell atrophy as determined stereologically by a decreased single cell volume and biochemically by no change in DNA content coupled with an increase in the DNA concentration. Treatment of castrates with dihydrotestosterone restored both the stereological and biochemical parameters of the cell size to slightly supranormal levels. The estrogen-induced increase in muscle weight and DNA content appeared to be due only to hyperplasia of muscle cells and not to a proliferation of fibroblasts or to infiltration by inflammatory cells. In all treatment groups, including the estrogen-treated castrates, more than 95% of the cells in the tissue were smooth muscle cells, and there was no evidence that polyploidy contributed to changes in DNA levels. In addition, in the estrogen-treated muscles, DNA concentration remained high, and the stereologically determined cell size remained low. Therefore, both morphological and biochemical evidence indicate that androgen induces hypertrophy, whereas estrogen induces hyperplasia of muscle cells. The correction of stereological and biochemical data validates the application of stereological cell size determination for smooth muscle cells in organs that hardly can be separated into stromal and epithelial components; eg, the prostate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ram seminal vesicle microsome-catalyzed activation of benzidine and related compounds: dissociation of mutagenesis from peroxidase-catalyzed formation of DNA-reactive material.

Ram seminal vesicle (RSV) microsomal preparations activate benzidine and other arylamines to mutagenic species in a modified Ames assay. We have examined the mechanism of this activation process in more detail. The mutagenic effect was neither arachidonic acid-dependent nor indomethacin inhibitable. The mutagenic species was stable for at least 30 min in experiments in which addition of bacteria was delayed. Acetylbenzidine was a much more potent mutagen than benzidine in this system. Substitution of the acetylase-deficient tester strain TA98/1,8-DNP6 for strain TA98 markedly reduced the mutagenicity of acetylbenzidine and completely eliminated the mutagenicity of benzidine. Benzidine analogues 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (o-dianisidine), o-tolidine and 3,3',-5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine were not mutagenic in the RSV activation system. RSV-dependent activation of all radiolabeled congeners examined resulted in covalent binding to calfthymus DNA. The rank order of binding was: 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine greater than benzidine greater than o-dianisidine greater than acetylbenzidine greater than tetramethylbenzidine. This binding required active enzyme and arachidonic acid or hydrogen peroxide. The reactive species was short-lived: delayed addition of DNA reduced the level of binding nearly to zero. Binding was inhibitable by indomethacin, but this inhibition was incomplete in the cases of dichlorobenzidine and acetylbenizidine. We conclude that the extracellular generation of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation products does not explain the RSV microsome-dependent mutagenicity observed with these compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Double vas deferens and epididymis associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis simulating ectopic ureter opening into the seminal vesicle.

A 26-year-old man presented clinical, radiographic and, at operation, macroscopic signs of an ectopic opening of the left ureter into the seminal vesicle and agenesis of the left kidney. However, histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed that the supposed ureter was actually a vas deferens, and the structure removed from the renal site showed a histological composition like that the epididymis. The anomaly observed was thus a retroperitoneal duplication of the vas deferens and epididymis and failure of development of the ipsilateral kidney and ureter.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

[Cystic space-occupying lesions of the seminal vesicles. Their demonstration with MRT].

Between October 1990 and March 1991, 8 patients with cystic lesions in the region of the posterior bladder wall, the seminal vesicles and the prostate were examined by MRI. In all cases there was accurate characterisation of the lesion and of its anatomy. In 3 patients with abnormalities in the retrovesical space there was very good agreement with the operative findings. 4 patients were treated conservatively. In these patients there was good agreement with the findings on cystoscopy, CT and sonography.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

MR imaging of the prostate and seminal vesicles.

The important pathologic processes that affect the prostate are reviewed, with an emphasis on MR imaging of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. MR imaging of the seminal vesicles is also discussed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-related changes in the concentration of cytosolic androgen receptors in the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of maturing male mice.

In this study, changes in the number of androgen binding sites that occur in cytosols of epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of mice from 10 to 90 days of age are described. Specific saturable binding of [3H]R-1881 by cytosols of the three organs at all time points studied and age-related differences in the number of binding sites measured were observed. Cytosolic androgen receptor levels in all three organs studied were found to decrease with increasing age, regardless of whether the binding was expressed relative to weight of tissue, cytosolic protein or cellular DNA. The most pronounced change in androgen receptor levels (from 442 to 50 fmol/mg protein) was observed in the epididymis between 10 and 30 days of age. In these three organs there was no significant correlation between androgen (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) levels and the concentration of androgen binding sites.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Hydatid cyst of the seminal vesicle.

Hydatid disease has a high incidence in our country and causes significant complications. The authors present a case of unusual localization of hydatidosis, hydatid cyst of the seminal vesicle, and a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An acrosin inhibitor from boar seminal vesicle fluid immunologically related to the trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor (Kunitz).

A new acrosin inhibitor was isolated to apparent homogeneity from the fluid of boar seminal vesicles. The inhibitor is immunologically related to the polyvalent trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor from bovine lung known as aprotinin. A crude preparation of the acrosin inhibitor was prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti-aprotinin antibodies bound to Sepharose 4B column. The inhibitor was further purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin immobilized on a Sepharose 4B column, by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-25, and by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the inhibitor is about 7,000 as estimated from dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its amino-acid composition was determined, the sequence of the first 8 amino-acid residues from the N-terminus is Thr-Arg-Asp-Phe-Pro-Pro-Asp-Gly-...

Acrosin↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect of SV-IV, a major protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle epithelium, on phagocytosis and chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of SV-IV, one of the major proteins secreted from the rat seminal vesicle epithelium, on phagocytosis and chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been studied. Various cytological, biochemical, metabolic, and physical correlates of both biological activities have been found to be markedly reduced by the presence in the medium of micromolar concentrations of protein SV-IV. Moreover, the Scatchard analysis of the labeled SV-IV binding to PMN cell surface has demonstrated that such binding is specific. The binding sites contain only saturable components, completely displaceable by unlabeled SV-IV. The number of the specific sites has been calculated to be 87,000/cell, with a Kd of 1.72 X 10(-7) M. The molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect is discussed along with the possible biological and clinical implications of the experimental findings.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid on androgen-induced growth of mouse seminal vesicles in vivo and its mechanism.

We examined the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the androgen-induced growth of mouse seminal vesicles (SVs) in vivo and its mechanisms. Testosterone propionate (TP) alone or with ATRA was injected daily into adult castrated BALB/c mice. Injections of ATRA significantly inhibited the TP-induced growth of SVs in terms of wet weight and DNA synthesis by a pair of SVs evaluated by [3H]thymidine uptake. The bromodeoxyuridine labelling index showed that ATRA inhibited the proliferation of both epithelial and stromal cells. Immunoreactivity for retinoic acid receptor-alpha was found in the basal epithelial cells. Injections of ATRA affected neither 5alpha-reductase activity nor the expression of mRNAs for TGF-beta1, 2 and 3 and TGF-beta receptor 1 and 2 in the SVs. However, androgen receptor (AR) binding assays and Western blotting revealed a decrease in AR without a change in ligand-binding affinity. The present study showed that retinoid inhibited the androgen-induced growth of mouse SVs in vivo, and suggests that a decrease in AR is one of its mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Seminal vesicle masses detected incidentally during transrectal sonographic examination of the prostate.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the incidence and type of seminal vesicle (SV) masses discovered during transrectal sonography (TRUS) of the prostate. METHODS: Patients were a consecutive series of men referred for TRUS of the prostate because of lower urinary tract symptoms or elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, who were found on TRUS to have SV masses. Patients with prostate cancer involving the SVs were excluded. Cystic lesions were sampled by fine-needle aspiration and solid lesions by core biopsy, all under sonographic guidance. RESULTS: Of the 450 patients who underwent TRUS between January 1997 and December 2001, 10 (2%) were found to have SV masses; 5 masses were cystic and 5 were solid. Cytologic evaluation of aspirated specimens revealed benign findings in all 5 cysts. Four of the 5 patients with solid SV masses had chronic schistosomiasis, and the mass in the fifth patient was a metastatic deposit from a renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: SV masses may be responsible for lower urinary tract symptoms in a small fraction of cases. A cystic mass is presumptively benign, whereas a solid lesion has a small probability of being malignant, especially if the patient has a primary neoplasm elsewhere. Schistosomiasis should always be considered when making a differential diagnosis in patients who live in areas where infestation is endemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland of mice after hCG injection.

Temporal changes of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured by RIA in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland of adult male mice after a single injection of hCG. The response of circulating T to hCG stimulation was rapid and persisted over a period of 48 h. The temporal changes of androgen content of target organs paralleled the modifications of circulating T. In all organs the high androgen levels attained at 1 or 4 h plateaued until 24 h, decreased thereafter and returned to basal values at 72 h. The concentration of T by sex accessory organs was more accelerated by hCG injection than its conversion into DHT.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The cloning of a rapidly evolving seminal-vesicle-transcribed gene encoding the major clot-forming protein of mouse semen.

Approximately 30 kb of the mouse genome, containing the gene for a major seminal vesicle transcript, has been cloned. The gene was identified by the similarity to members of a family with rapidly evolving genes that includes the gene encoding the major clot protein in rat semen, SVS II, and the human semenogelin genes. The nucleotide sequence of 16.9 kb was determined; this sequence encompasses the gene of 2215 bp plus 9-kb and 5.6-kb regions flanking the 5' and 3' ends of the gene. The transcription unit is divided into three exons, of which the first encodes the signal peptide, the second the secreted protein, while the third exon contains 3'-nontranslated nucleotides only. The transcript encodes a protein of 375 amino acid residues, including a signal peptide of 22 residues. The secreted polypeptide is a protein of Mr 38442 and is similar in sequence but smaller than the major clot-forming protein of rat semen, SVS II. It is highly charged at pH 7 and it has an isoelectric point of 10.68. The central part of the protein consists of tandem repeats that might serve as a substrate for transglutaminase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Purification and structure of caltrin-like proteins from seminal vesicle of the guinea pig.

Two different small proteins that cross-react with the antiserum against bovine caltrin (calcium transport inhibitor) have been purified from the seminal vesicle contents of the guinea pig. The primary structure and some molecular characteristics of the pure proteins are reported. The two proteins interact with concanavalin A indicating the presence of carbohydrates in their molecules. Chemical deglycosylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, after reduction and carboxymethylation, results in complete loss of affinity for the lectin. Removal of sugar components from the structure destroys the ability of caltrin-like proteins to react with antibodies to bovine caltrin. The protein moving faster on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is designated guinea pig caltrin I, the other is II. They contain 45 and 55 amino acids, and the molecular weights of the peptide portions are 5082 and 6255, respectively. Although they have entirely different amino acid sequences, they share some common features: recognition by rabbit antibodies to bovine caltrin, the predominance of basic residues and the presence of 3 cysteine residues in fraction I and 8 in fraction II. The proteins have pI values of 9.5 and 10.2, respectively, which are consistent with the amino acid composition. The two pure fractions are approximately equally effective, on a weight basis, as inhibitors of 45Ca2+ uptake by guinea pig spermatozoa. The data presented reinforce the hypothesis that caltrin-like proteins are responsible for the previously reported (Coronel, C.E., San Agustin, J., and Lardy, H.A. (1988) Biol. Reprod. 38, 713-722), calcium-transport inhibitor activity detected in reproductive tract fluid from adult male guinea pigs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Primary seminoma of the seminal vesicle: report of a case.

We report on the clinical and histological findings of a primary extragonadal germ cell tumor that was proved to be a seminoma of the seminal vesicle. The patient had left ureteral obstruction at diagnosis. The testes were normal on physical and ultrasound examination, and the retroperitoneum was free of tumor. There was no recurrence 8 months postoperatively.

Dysgerminoma↗