PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ABDOMINAL INJURIES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis of abdominal visceral injury.

Peritoneal lavage has become standard for the diagnosis of abdominal visceral injury following trauma. Peritoneal lavage is indicated after blunt trauma when a patient presents with abdominal symptoms or signs and the integrity of the abdominal viscera is in doubt. Immediate laparotomy may be indicated following penetrating abdominal wounds when symptoms, signs, or hypotension are present. However, peritoneal lavage may be indicated if the patient is asymptomatic. Lavage is also indicated after penetrating extra-abdominal wounds when the path of the wounding agent suggests that the peritoneal cavity might have been entered. Peritoneal lavage is 98% accurate in determining the presence or absence of abdominal visceral injury following blunt trauma (100,000 red blood cells [RBCs]/mm3 or 500 white blood cells [WBCs]/mm3). The diagnostic accuracy of peritoneal lavage in penetrating abdominal injuries is more controversial than in blunt trauma, but recent retrospective data suggest that peritoneal lavage has the potential of giving 98% accurate results following penetrating abdominal injury when the threshold for a positive result of lavage is lowered to 50,000 RBCs/mm3 or 500 WBCs/mm3.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Abdominal vascular injuries: injuries to the aorta.

This article discusses injuries to the abdominal aorta at its supra- and infrarenal positions, focusing on the surgical approaches to abdominal aorta injuries and renal vascular pedicles. The controversy regarding the use of bioprosthetic materials and the coLlective experience with these injuries as reported in the literature are reviewed. Primary renal artery repair versus nephrectomy also is examined.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abdomino-thoracic shooting wound with multivisceral involvement including injury of abdominal aorta in the supra-mesocolic segment.

Abdomino-thoracic wounds caused by shooting are very serious as they frequently affect several organs and require extreme emergency surgery. Within traumatic abdominal vascular wounds, aortic injury in the supramesocolic segment is associated with a high mortality, 64% (2). The case reported, a 19y. old young man, suffered multiple organ injuries by shooting involving abdominal aorta, stomach, liver, diaphragm and lung. He was operated in extreme emergency. The evolution has been simple, the patient leaving the hospital 19 days after surgery. This case presents a tactical peculiarity about the access procedure to the supramesocolic abdominal aorta through the great epiploon, dividing the gastro-colic and the gastro-splenic ligaments.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Mortality and truncal injury: the pediatric perspective.

To determine the extent and consequences of major truncal injury in children, we analyzed data collected prospectively by the National Pediatric Trauma Registry (NPTR) from 1985 to 1991. Of the 25,301 patients entered into the study, 1,553 (6%) had thoracic injuries (T); 2,047 (8%) had abdominal injuries (A). Blunt mechanisms predominated for both groups (86% T, 83% A), with the automobile being the most frequent blunt agent (74% T, 59% A); gunshot wounds were responsible for the majority of penetrating injuries (60% T, 56% A). Fifteen percent (195) of those with blunt thoracic injuries died; however, in only 14% of these cases (27) was thoracic injury the cause of death. Fourteen percent (33) of those with penetrating thoracic injuries died, with thoracic injury the cause of death in 97% of these cases (32). Only 9% (161) of those with blunt abdominal injuries died; in 22% (35) abdominal injury was the cause of death. Likewise, only 6% (15) of those with penetrating abdominal injuries died, but abdominal injury was the cause of death in 67% (10). The pleural space, lung, and ribs were the most frequently damaged thoracic organs; with the exception of lung contusion, injuries to these structures were associated with fatality rates in excess of 50%. The liver, spleen, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract were the most frequently damaged abdominal organs; injuries to these structures were associated with fatality rates of 15% or less, except for injuries involving major blood vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastro-intestinal injuries in abdominal trauma.

Management of 55 patients of gastro-intestinal injuries has been reviewed. Eighty percent of the patients presented with generalised peritonitis and jejunum was the commonest segment of the bowel injured. Pneumoperitoneum co-related poorly with intestinal disruption. It was present in 35.8 per cent of the cases. Repeated physical examination was found to be paramount importance. Sixty percent of the patients has associated intra-extra-abdominal injuries. Preoperative shock, multiple hollow visceral injury, septicemia, and location of injury (colon and duodenum) were significant prognostic factors associated with the high mortality. Mortality in the series was 25.4 per cent.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Endovascular treatment of a blunt traumatic abdominal aortic injury with a commercially available stent graft.

Abdominal aortic injuries are rarely encountered in blunt abdominal trauma. The traditional treatment of these injuries has been surgical exploration and repair. Endografts are commonly used in the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. We present a case of a blunt abdominal aortic injury treated successfully with a commercially available endograft. A 26-year-old male was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision. Evaluation revealed an aortic injury as well as a concomitant small bowel injury. No treatment of the aorta was undertaken initially; however, on 6-month follow-up, the patient developed bilateral hip and buttock claudication. Computed tomography and aortography revealed two areas of stenosis with an associated pseudoaneurysm. The patient was treated with three 22 mm AneuRx (Medtronic, Sunnyvale, CA) aortic extender cuffs. Balloon angioplasty of the stenosis was also performed. The patient's symptoms resolved, and he was well at 9 months postprocedure. We report the use of aortic extender cuffs to treat a blunt abdominal aortic injury. The potential to treat these injuries with aortic extender cuffs emergently or electively at any institution represents an advance in the management of vascular trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Abdominal aortic injuries associated with chance fractures in pediatric patients.

Injury to the abdominal aortic artery from blunt trauma is an infrequent event with few cases reported in either the adult or the pediatric literature. Injury to the thoracic aorta after blunt abdominal trauma is more common. It has been estimated that 95% to 99% of all aortic disruptions are in the thoracic region. Injury to the abdominal aorta is rarely seen in association with fractures of the lumbar spine secondary to seat belt use in motor vehicle accidents; there are few cases in the literature of these injuries in pediatric patients. Nevertheless, the overall mortality rate of this injury has been reported to be between 18% and 37%. It is therefore important to be aware of the possible association to allow prompt diagnosis and management of multitraumatized patients because extensive injuries to the abdominal viscera may mask aortic dissection and prognosis is significantly improved with early intervention.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Characteristic features of abdominal organ injuries associated with gastric rupture in blunt abdominal trauma.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have investigated the mechanisms of gastric rupture based only on the findings in gastric rupture and excluding gastric lacerations. METHODS: We investigated 14 cases of gastric injury (five with rupture and nine with laceration) from blunt abdominal trauma with or without thoracic trauma. Gastric injuries were caused by a traffic accident in 12 and by a fall in two patients. All of the patients with gastric rupture had had a full stomach at the time of impact. RESULTS: The patients had associated injuries of adjacent solid organs, the thoracic cage, and extremities. The frequency of injury of the hepatoduodenal or gastrohepatic ligament was higher in patients with gastric laceration than in patients with gastric rupture. Eight of nine patients with a gastric laceration had hepatic or pancreatic injury, whereas none of the patients with gastric rupture had such injury. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed that the distended stomach tends to rupture by absorbing the impact from blunt abdominal trauma (i.e., it works like an airbag to protecting adjacent organs such as the liver and pancreas).

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1982

Leukocytosis in peritoneal lavage effluent after selected abdominal organ injury in an experimental model.

Elevation of the corrected leukocyte count (Cwbc) in peritoneal lavage effluent has been reported by us in association with colon perforation. We have extended this study in order to investigate systematically the nature of the stimuli to, and the timing, magnitude, and consistency of this response in the presence of other occult abdominal injuries associated with trauma. This has been done by subjecting an anesthetized canine model to a variety of isolated intra-abdominal injuries and then measuring sequential peritoneal lavage leukocyte counts up to six hours after injury. A rising lavage leukocyte count gave Cwbc-positive lavages in 94% of animals with jejunal, ileal, and colonic wounds by six hours. In animals with isolated peritoneal penetration alone, or simple liver or spleen wounds, an elevated Cwbc count was unusual. In stomach, gallbladder, and urinary bladder perforation, a positive lavage was an inconsistent finding. Peritoneal lavage leukocyte counts corrected on the basis of red cell count can enhance the accuracy and utility of lavage for abdominal trauma, especially when gastrointestinal perforation is present as an isolated injury, by detecting an early peritoneal inflammatory response which appears independently from simple hemorrhage. [Mueller GL, Burney RE, MacKenzie JR: Leukocytosis in peritoneal lavage effluent after selected abdominal organ injury in an experimental model.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Lumbar transverse process fractures--a sentinel marker of abdominal organ injuries.

Fractures of lumbar vertebrae may be associated with abdominal organ injuries. Lumbar transverse process fractures are commonly thought of as minor injuries compared with body, pedicle and lamina fractures. To determine the significance of transverse process fractures as opposed to other lumbar vertebral fractures in relation to abdominal organ injury, a retrospective study was performed. One hundred and ninety-one patients with lumbar spine fractures were reviewed. One hundred and thirty-five (71%) of these had non-transverse process (NTP) fractures only (including vertebral body, pedicle, or spinous process fractures). Fourty-two patients (22%) had transverse process fractures only. Fourteen patients (7%) had both transverse process and NTP fractures. Twenty (48%) of the 42 patients with transverse process fractures had abdominal organ injuries identified. This was a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate than for the patients with NTP fractures, eight of 135 (6%). Patients with transverse process fractures and abdominal organ injuries had a median injury severity score (ISS) of 29 compared with a median ISS of 17 for patients with NTP fractures and abdominal organ injuries. If a transverse process has been fractured, there is likely to have been very large forces involved in the incident. The data strongly suggest that lumbar transverse process fractures should not be thought of as minor injuries but regarded as a significant marker for abdominal organ injuries and should alert the doctor caring for the injured patient of the high probability of these injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Effects of abdominal trussing on breathing and speech in men with cervical spinal cord injury.

Abdominal trussing constitutes an inward fixation of the abdominal wall. In the context of speech habilitation/rehabilitation, it is sometimes used to supplant, in part, the function of a paralyzed or paretic abdominal wall. A paralyzed or paretic abdominal wall may be found in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury or in individuals with other neurologic disorders, such as muscular dystrophy. This research was designed to study the effects of trussing as a dinical treatment. A study was designed to systematically and precisely place the abdominal wall at one position (50% inward) to study the effects of trussing (as compared to an untrussed condition) on lung volume and oral reading in three men with cervical spinal cord injury (C5-C6). Results showed that abdominal trussing increased vital capacity, realized via an increase of inspiratory capacity, presumably by optimization of the function of the diaphragm. With the increase in inspiratory capacity, longer utterance duration for oral reading was observed. With increased utterance duration, more syllables were produced per utterance, and pauses occurred at appropriate linguistic locations. Oral reading samples for trussed and untrussed conditions were submitted to preference judgment by a group of 10 judges. For two of the three men studied, oral reading during trussing was preferred because of longer phrases and pauses taken at suitable linguistic boundaries. The findings from this study support clinical impressions that abdominal trussing may be useful in improving speech in individuals with a paralyzed or paretic abdomen whose breathing function for speech is diminished.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1996

Abdominal vascular injuries.

Injuries to major abdominal arteries and veins frequently are associated with exsanguinating hemorrhage and visceral ischemia. Expeditious management is the key to survival and good outcome. Knowledge of anatomic relationships between viscera and vessels forms the basis for directed dissection, optimal exposure, and lasting repair of vessels. Although penetrating mechanism of injury remains the most common cause of these injuries, trauma surgeons must be familiar with patterns of blunt trauma-mediated injury to avoid the devastating consequences of delayed management.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Groin and abdominal strain injuries in the National Hockey League.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze groin and abdominal strain injuries retrospectively among elite male hockey players in the National Hockey League (NHL) over six seasons of play (1991/92 to 1996/97). DESIGN: Retrospective case series design. SETTING: The NHL. PARTICIPANTS: The NHL participants were an inclusive sample of 7,050 NHL hockey players who played in the NHL from the 1991/92 to the 1996/97 seasons. A subset of 2,600 NHL hockey players who played from the 1995/96 to the 1996/97 seasons was further analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The injury definition for groin/abdominal strain injury included any injury recorded as a muscle strain injury involving a muscle in any of the abdominal, hip flexor, or hip adductor muscle groups. Femoral, abdominal, and inguinal hernias were also included. Cumulative incidence rates over six seasons of play in the NHL and incidence densities over two seasons of play in the NHL are reported. Specific injury parameters examined included muscle region, time in season, type of session, reinjury, time period in session, position of play, player's experience, mechanism of injury, and time loss. RESULTS: A total of 617 groin/abdominal strain injuries were reported in the NHL over six seasons of play. The cumulative incidence rate in the NHL increased over 6 years of play from 12.99 injuries/100 players/year in the 1991/92 season to 19.87 injuries/100 players/year in the 1996/97 season. The rate of increase was 1.32 (95% confidence interval -0.58, 3.21) injuries/100 players/year. The incidence density of groin/abdominal injury during NHL training camp was five times that during the regular season and 20 times that during the postseason. The incidence density in the NHL during games was six times that during practice. The majority of injuries reported were adductor groin muscle strains. The proportion of injuries reported that were recurrent was 23.5%. There was no significant difference in proportion of injuries reported by time period within a session. The mechanism of injury recorded was noncontact in nature in >90% of injuries reported. Mean time loss due to injury was significantly greater for abdominal injuries (10.59 sessions) than for groin injuries (6.59 sessions). A conservative estimate of the impact of groin/abdominal injury on each NHL team is a game loss of 25 player games/year. CONCLUSION: The impact of groin and abdominal strain injury at an elite level of play in hockey is significant and increasing. Future research in this area is needed to identify risk factors and potentially implement prevention strategies to reduce groin and abdominal strain injury at all levels of play.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2006

Clinical diagnosis and treatment of abdominal visceral injury complicated by craniocerebral injury.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the cure rate of patients with abdominal visceral injury complicated by craniocerebral injury. METHODS: Clinical data of 176 cases of abdominal visceral injury complicated by craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In this series, 44 cases died and the mortality was 25.0. The main cause of death is abdominal visceral injury combined with shock and severe craniocerebral injury. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to improve the cure rate by accurate diagnosis at early stage. Abdominal paracentesis and CT should be performed promptly and dynamically. Priority should be given to the treatment of life-threatening injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗