PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ADE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Uptake of a cholesterol-rich emulsion by neoplastic ovarian tissues.

OBJECTIVE: Previously, it was shown that a lipidic emulsion (LDE) composed of phospholipids and cholesterol esters which binds to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors may concentrate in acute myeloid leukemia cells. In this study, we aimed to verify whether LDE also has the ability to concentrate in malignant ovarian cancer after being injected into the blood circulation of the patients. METHODS: Three groups of women scheduled for surgery were included in the survey: 13 bearing malignant tumors, 9 with benign ovarian tumors, and 13 without ovarian tumor who were scheduled to undergo oophorectomy due to malignant disease of the uterine cervix or endometrium. On the day prior to surgery they were injected with LDE labeled with [(14)C]cholesteryl oleate. Specimens of tumors and normal ovaries excised during surgery were lipid extracted and analyzed for radioactivity counting. Results were expressed in radioactive count (cpm) per gram of tissue. RESULTS: The mean of the uptakes of the emulsion radioactivity by the malignant tumors was roughly eightfold greater when compared with that of the contralateral normal ovaries (2261 +/- 1444 and 275 +/- 137 cpm/g, respectively, P < 0.012), benign tumors, and normal ovaries of the patients without ovarian tumors. CONCLUSION: LDE has the ability to concentrate in malignant ovarian tumor tissue. Therefore, it can be used as a vehicle to direct cytotoxic drugs against malignant ovarian tumors, thus diminishing the side effects of chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

BMEC-1: a human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cell line with primary cell characteristics.

Bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) are a functional component of the bone marrow stroma and have been shown to release hematopoietic regulatory factors as well as to selectively adhere and support the proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. An early passage of these cells was immortalized by transfection with a vector (pSVT) encoding the large T antigen of SV40. The transformed cell line (CDC/CU.BMEC-1) expresses the SV40 transcript, retains the primary cell expression of Ulex europeaus and vWF/ FVIII, and incorporates acetylated low-density lipoprotein. In addition, BMEC-1 mirrors the phenotype of the primary cells with only a few exceptions. Both cell populations express the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and PECAM and also VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 after upregulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The fibronectin receptor, hyaluronate receptor, collagen receptor, integrins VLA-alpha 3, VLA-alpha 4, and beta 4, endoglin, collagen IV, CD58, and CD61 are also expressed. The only differences are that BMEC-1 expresses higher levels of ICAM-1, CD58, CD34, CD36, and c-kit than the primary cells. The supernatants of primary cell and BMEC-1 contain stem cell factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1 alpha, IL-11, and G-CSF. The functional significance of these hematopoietic cytokines was demonstrated in transwell cultures. Both cell populations supported the expansion of progeny from CD34+ cell-enriched cord blood mononuclear cells suspended in the upper chamber. These characteristics, plus the fact that BMEC-1 can be maintained independently of exogenous growth factors and exhibit contact inhibition, indicate that this cell line can be used to further define the role of BMEC in hematopoiesis.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2001

Glial-neurotrophic mechanisms in Down syndrome.

Complex interactions and interconnectivity between neurons are hallmarks of normal neuronal differentiation and development. Neurons also interact with other cell types, notably glia, and rely on substances released by glia for their normal function. A deficit in glial response may disturb this critical neuronal-glial-neuronal interaction in Down syndrome (DS), leading to loss of neurons and other defects of development, and contribute to cognitive limitation and early onset of Alzheimer disease. The hypothesis this paper will discuss is that normal neural development involves an activity-dependent release of substances from neurons, and that these substances act upon glia cells which in turn release substances that influence neurons to promote their survival and development. This glial influence affects cortical neurons and also the subcortical cholinergic neurons that project to the cerebral and hippocampal cortices to maintain cortical neuronal excitability and activity. The neuronal activity stimulates glial secretion of sustaining substances, in a reciprocally interactive cycle. Some aspect of this "virtuous cycle" is deficient in Down syndrome. The result is a small but slowly increasing deficit in activity-dependent support by glia cells which produces a gradually increasing abnormality of cortical and subcortical, perhaps especially cholinergic, function.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Transport of newly synthesized proteins into mitochondria - a review.

This review examines the mechanism of translocation of cytoplasmically synthesized proteins into mitochondria. Approximately 10% of the mitochondrial proteins are synthesized within the organelles while most mitochondrial proteins are coded for by nuclear genes and synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. Those mitochondrial proteins synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes have to be transferred at some point into one of the mitochondrial compartments, a process which would require their insertion through one or both mitochondrial membranes. Data accumulated during the past five years indicate that the cytoplasmically synthesized mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on free polysomes then released into the cytoplasm. Most of the proteins examined so far are synthesized in the cytoplasm as larger precursors whose conformations may differ from the conformations of their respective mature forms. These precursor proteins become translocated into mitochondrial post-translationally and processed to their mature forms either during or immediately following translocation into the organelles. The translocation step appears to require mitochondrial ATP. Some processing activities have been localized in the matrix fractions of mitochondria from liver and yeast and they appear to be associated with soluble endopeptidases which act selectively on precursors of mitochondrial proteins. Although it is not clear how the precursor proteins interact with or recognize mitochondrial membranes, studies in yeast indicate that the interactions occur at specific regions on the other mitochondrial membranes.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1989

Exercise haemodynamic effects of beta-blockade and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

Beta-adrenergic blockade with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) causes less depression of resting and submaximal heart rate (HR) than non-ISA beta-blockers. The effects of these drugs on exercise haemodynamics have not been well studied. We evaluated effects of pindolol, propranolol and placebo during rest and steady-state exercise on cardiac output, oxygen consumption, calf blood flow, HR and blood pressure in 18 healthy subjects. Pindolol 5 mg and propranolol 80 mg given twice daily, reduced maximal exercise HR by 50 and 52 beats.min-1 respectively, confirming similarity of beta 1-blockade. Resting cardiac output was unchanged in all three groups after one week of therapy. Cardiac output, measured during steady-state exercise decreased in the propranolol group (18.3 vs 15.6 l.min-1) with no significant changes in pindolol (15.7 vs 16.01.min-1) or placebo (18.6 vs 17.3 l.min-1). The rise in cardiac output, from rest to exercise, was similarly attenuated by propranolol but not by pindolol or placebo. Exercise stroke volume increased 12% on pindolol (123-140 cc) and decreased 7% on propranolol (143-133 cc). Neither drug had a detrimental effect on exercise calf blood flow compared to placebo. Thus, unlike propranolol, pindolol with ISA, maintains a normal cardiac output during submaximal exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of induced angiogenesis in a human microvascular endothelial cell line by ET-18-OCH3.

Alkyl-lysophospholipids are a group of anti-cancer compounds that have previously been shown to have the unique feature of being selectively toxic to neoplastic tissues. One of these compounds, ET-18-OCH3, has been used for purging bone marrow of cancer cells in phase I clinical trials. Tumor-induced angiogenesis has been directly correlated with tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we examined the effect ET-18-OCH3 has on a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), including the following functions: angiogenesis, cell-adhesion molecule expression, and cell-junction integrity. We found that ET-18-OCH3 (in vitro) reversibly inhibited induced angiogenesis at levels that did not affect viability. At lower concentrations, ET-18-OCH3 down-regulated the expression of cell-adhesion molecules and affected the integrity of cell-to-cell junctions. This observation demonstrates this versatile family of compounds to have additional targets of action.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees.

This report describes a one-year experience with a new program of group therapy for Southeast Asians who were treated in a psychiatric program for Indochinese refugees. Cultural factors involving communication styles, respect for authority, and traditional social relationships greatly influence the group process. Socialization experiences which encouraged traditional activities and practical information were the most acceptable medium by all the groups. Psychological issues of losses, cultural conflicts, and persistent discussion of somatic symptoms were voiced throughout the activities. Formal group psychotherapy was periodically useful in some groups. Flexibility, meeting concrete needs, keeping a bicultural focus, and maintaining the individual therapy sessions contributed to the acceptance by the patient.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1981

Effects of copper on the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri. II. Copper accumulation and tissue injury in the branchial crown.

Copper in seawater caused injury to the radioles (gills) of the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri. Light and electron microscopy showed the loss of cellular adhesion and the structural derangement that lead to cell necrosis and death. The progression of injury was related to the uptake of copper into the tissues. Copper was found by X-ray microanalysis to be localized subcellularly in membrane-bound vesicles that are similar to lysosomes. Cell breakdown may result from lysosomal labilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Use of polymerase chain reaction and antibody tests in the diagnosis of vertically transmitted hepatitis C virus infection.

Data on patterns of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody test results in infants born to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected mothers were systematically reviewed to aid development of optimum testing schedules and diagnostic criteria for vertically exposed infants and to facilitate early identification of infected infants. Survival and cross-sectional analyses were used to estimate the timing of initial PCR positivity and subsequent PCR negativity in infected infants, and maternal antibody loss in uninfected infants was estimated as a weighted average of individual study findings. Of 74 eligible infants with strong evidence of HCV infection, an estimated 89% (90% confidence interval, 80-95%) were first PCR positive by 3 months of age, and less than 10% had subsequent PCR negativity attributable to intermittent viraemia or resolved infection in the first 18 months of life. The negative predictive value of PCR at 3 months of age was greater than 98% at an assumed rate of 5% vertical transmission, but as low as 88% at 25% transmission. The inclusion of 22 infants, each with a single PCR-positive result, increased the estimated frequency of resolved infections but made little difference to other estimates. A minority of PCR-positive infants had periods of antibody negativity by second- or third-generation assays, and among 297 uninfected infants, maternal antibody was not detected beyond 18 months. Thus, the majority of infected infants may be persistently PCR positive from 3 months of age, and the negative predictive value of PCR at 3 months is generally high. However, poor repeatability of PCR, inadequate infant follow-up, and inclusion of postnatally infected infants limits interpretation of the pooled data. Further studies using standardised PCR methodologies are needed.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1993

Postoperative assessment of cerebral blood flow in subarachnoid haemorrhage by means of 99mTc-HMPAO tomography.

Regional hypoperfusion is a very frequent complication of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), being related to vasospasm in the majority of cases. Twenty-six patients who were admitted for SAH underwent follow-up with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography (SPECT) 3 and 8 days after surgery. Fifteen patients of these had one more examination 15 days after surgery. The degree of hypoperfusion was quantified using an index of asymmetry which allow the comparison of two symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) on the transaxial slice which presented the greatest perfusion defect. Comparison of CT data, transcranial Doppler data and clinical signs with the perfusion as quantified by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT indicates that a difference in counts of less than 10% between the two symmetrical ROIs is of no diagnostic value. Follow-up of the brain perfusion clearly shows that the most pronounced hypoperfusion was observed just after surgery, with progressive normalization at 8 and 15 days after surgery. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT performed 8 days after surgery allows prediction of the clinical outcome. For these reasons, 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT, which is the only method for follow-up of cerebral perfusion in routine clinical practice, should be the first examination to be performed after surgery in patients with SAH.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

Expression of cathepsin B and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities, and of apolipoprotein B in human hepatoma cells maintained long-term in a serum-free medium.

We have established the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, in a defined, serum-free medium. These cells were maintained and studied over a 100-generation period (i.e. 10 serial transfers). Cells maintained in serum-free medium exhibited growth parameters (i.e. saturation density, efficiency of plating, and population doubling time) similar to those obtained with HepG2 cells maintained in serum-supplemented medium. Serum-free cells were also similar to their serum-supplemented counterparts with respect to the expression of cathepsin B activity and the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Significantly, HepG2 cells maintained in serum-free conditions also retained the ability to synthesize and secrete proteins, including the liver plasma protein, apo-lipoprotein B. These results indicate that the serum-free medium used in this study supports the long-term growth and maintenance of human hepatoma, HepG2, cells in culture. Inasmuch as these cells retain phenotypes, including differentiated markers previously reported for their serum-supplemented counterparts, they may provide a more reliable, standardized culture system to study the expression, secretion, and regulation of proteins during biological and pathologic processes.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed2003

Preliminary investigation of QTLs associated with seedling resistance to ascochyta blight from Cicer echinospermum, a wild relative of chickpea.

Accessions from Cicer echinospermum, a wild relative of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), contain resistance to the fungal disease ascochyta blight, a devastating disease of chickpea. A linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F(2) population, derived from a cross between a susceptible chickpea cultivar (Lasseter) and a resistant C. echinospermum accession (PI 527930). The linkage map incorporated 83 molecular markers, that included RAPD, ISSR, STMS and RGA markers; eight markers remained unlinked. The map comprised eight linkage groups and covered a map distance of 570 cM. Six out of the eight linkage groups were correlated to linkage groups from the integrated Cicer map using STMS markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with ascochyta blight resistance were detected using interval mapping and single-point analysis. The F(2) population was evaluated for seedling and stem resistance in glasshouse trials. At least two QTLs were identified for seedling resistance, both of which were located within linkage group 4. Five markers were associated with stem resistance, four of which were also associated with seedling resistance. QTLs from previous studies also mapped to LG 4, suggesting that this linkage group is an important region of the Cicer genome for resistance to ascochyta blight.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2003

QTL analysis for ascochyta blight resistance in an intraspecific population of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

In both controlled environment and the field, six QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance were identified in three regions of the genome of an intraspecific population of chickpea using the IDS and AUDPC disease scoring systems. One QTL-region was detected from both environments, whereas the other two regions were detected from each environment. All the QTL-regions were significantly associated with ascochyta blight resistance using either of the disease scoring systems. The QTLs were verified by multiple interval mapping, and a two-QTL genetic model with considerable epistasis was established for both environments. The major QTLs generally showed additive gene action, as well as dominance inter-locus interaction in the multiple genetic model. All the QTLs were mapped near a RGA marker. The major QTLs were located on LG III, which was mapped with five different types of RGA markers. A CLRR-RGA marker and a STMS marker flanked QTL 6 for controlled environment resistance at 0.06 and 0.04 cM, respectively. Other STMS markers flanked QTL 1 for field resistance at a 5.6 cM interval. After validation, these flanking markers may be used in marker-assisted selection to breed for elite chickpea cultivars with durable resistance to ascochyta blight. The tight linkage of RGA markers to the major QTL on LG III will allow map-based cloning of the underlying resistance genes.

Alleles↗