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PubMedDate not supplied

[Pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in methylotrophs].

The activity of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases was determined in cell extracts of obligate and facultative methylotrophs which metabolized monocarbon reduced compounds via different pathways. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was found to be the only enzyme responsible for the high level of CO2 fixation by methylotrophs with the serine pathway (Methylosinus trichosporium, Hyphomicrobium vulgare, Pseudomonas methylica). Methylotrophs with the hexulose phosphate pathway Mehylobacter chroococcum, Methylomonas methanica, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Arthrobacter globiformis) and yeast (Candida methylica) assimilated less CO2 but contained more enzymes involved in arboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, EG 4.1.1.31; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, EC 4.1.1.32) or pyruvate (pyruvate carboxylase, EC 6.4.1.1; malic-enzyme, EC 4.1.1.40). Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase (EC 4.1.1.38) was not found in any of the studied strains. The properties and the role of carboxylases in the metabolism of methylotrophs are discussed.

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of microbial populations on the surface of protective coatings].

Formation of microbial cenosis on the surface of polyethylene-, polyurethane- and oil-bitumen-based protective coatings was studied in dynamics during 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. It has been shown that the biofilm was formed on the protective materials during 14 days and consisted of ammonifying, denitrifying, hydrocarbon-oxidizing and sulphate-reducing bacteria referred to Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Kesulfovibrio genera. The bacteria which form the biofilm on coatings possess high denitrifying and sulphate-reducing activities. Corrosion inhibitors-biocydes, introduced in composition of oil-bitumen coatings suppressed growth and metabolic activity of corrosion-active bacteria.

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamic of the volume and structure of the soil bacterial complex in the presence of azobenzene].

Azobenzene exerted no significant effect on the dynamics and the species composition of the saprophytic soil bacterial complex, which remained almost the same as in the control and was characterized by the predominance of Curtobacterium sp., Arthrobacter globiformis, and Bacillus megaterium in all stages of succession. Some heterotrophic bacteria were found to be able to accumulate azobenzene. Bac. cereus and Bac. polymyxa degraded azobenzene during their cultivation in nutrient media.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiota of the Orchid rhizoplane].

Six bacterial strains isolated from the underground roots of the terrestrial orchid Calanthe vestita var. rubrooculata were found to belong to the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas. Strains isolated from the aerial roots of the epiphytic orchid Dendrobium moschatum were classified into the genera Bacillus, Curtobacterium, Flavobacterium, Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Xanthomonas. The rhizoplane of the terrestrial orchid was also populated by cyanobacteria of the genera Nostoc and Oscillatoria, whereas that of the epiphytic orchid was populated by one genus, Nostoc. In orchids occupying different econiches the spectra of the bacterial genera revealed differed. The microbial complex of the terrestrial orchid rhizoplane differed from that of the surrounding soil.

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Biosynthesis and use of coproporphyrins and uroporphyrins and their metal complexes in immune analysis and diagnostic methods].

Methods of synthesis of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin by using bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter are proposed. Metal complexes of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin with Pt, Pd, and Zn were synthesized. Their structures were identified by spectrophotometry, IR spectrometry, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and HPLC. Data showing the possibility to use coproporphyrin III-metal complexes as luminophores for fluorescence detection of tumors. The current and prospective uses of metal complexes of water-soluble natural porphyrins in advanced immunofluorescence assays are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Effects of heavy charged particles on strains of microorganisms-producers of biologically active substances].

Effects of heavy charged particles on strains of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Kurstaki Z-52 and Arthrobacter OC-1 have been studied. Evidence was obtained that heavy charged particles impact the morphologocultural and physiological properties of culture. As noted, the conditions of orbital flight may be considered a source of mutagenic effects on cultures of microorganisms.

Alpha Particles↗

PubMed1975

[On the taxonomy and physiology of bacteria utilizing hydrocarbons in the sea (author's transl)].

Using mineral media with gas oil as sole carbon source, 191 bacterial strains were isolated from the costal area of Marseille. These strains were attributed to Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Arthrobacter genera. Amongst isolated strains there was a predominance of the Alcaligenes-Achromobacter group over others genera. Growth and respiratory activity of 5 strains were studied on hexadecane and acetate. Respiratory activity on hexadecane of 32 strains cultured on acetate has been measured. These strains could be placed in two groups. The group 1 shows an immediate respiratory activity which is not abolished by chloramphenicol. The group 2 presents either an immediate or a delayed respiratory activity which is always abolished by chloramphenicol. Maintenance or suppression of respiration by chloramphenicol is a character which is homogenously distributed amongst the species.

Acetates↗

PubMed1979

Comparison of three procedures for isolating DNA from bacteria.

Three methods employing chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (CI), phenol, or enzymes, were evaluated for isolating DNA from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Arthrobacter globiformis. For the amounts of reagents employed at optimum conditions in the CI and phenol procedures, 0.4-0.9 mg of DNA/g wet weight of cells was isolated. Using the enzymatic procedure, approximately twice as much DNA was isolated. DNA isolated by the CI procedure contained 0.03-0.09% protein and 0.08-0.12% RNA. DNA isolated by the phenol procedure contained 0.02-0.05% protein and 2.2-2.6% RNA. DNA isolated by an enzymatic procedure, which is described in detail, contained 32.2-45.7% protein and 0.3-0.6% RNA. DNA isolated by all three procedures are double-stranded and at least 10(6) in molecular weight, as suggested by data from thermal transition analyses and transformations. These data emphasize that the desired characteristics of DNA for experimental purposes must be considered in selecting an isolation procedure.

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Carboxylation enzymes of coryneform bacteria].

The enzymes of carbon dioxide heterotrophic fixation were studied in six strains of coryneform bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium and Nocardia. All of the strains were found to contain PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), NADP or NAD dependent malic enzymes (EC 1.1.1.38--40). Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) was found only in three strains of coryneforms: Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, Corynebacterium aquaticum and Nocardia erythropolis. PEP carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) was detected in Brevibacterium ammoniagenes and Nocardia erythropolis. PEP carboxytransphosphorylase (EC 4.1.1.38) was found only in Brevibacterium ammoniagenes. These data suggest that carboxylation of C3-acids is one of the essential pathways in some coryneforms supplying the citric acid cycle with the products of glycolysis. The composition and the level of carboxylation enzymes reflect the ecological characteristics of the organisms rather than their taxonomical relations.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacterial succession on n-alkanes under the conditions of sulfate reduction].

The dynamics of species composition of a hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteriocenosis of a ground suspension of Mozhaisk Reservoir has been studied. The bacteriocenosis was undergoing development in a paraffin film (model association composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria). The type of bacterial succession did not depend on the depth, from which ground samples were collected. Two microbial species (Pseudomonas sp. and Arthrobacter globiformis) were absolutely dominant. Pseudomonas sp. was dominant at the early and intermediate stages of the succession, whereas A. globiformis was present in the hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteriocenosis throughout the whole period of the succession. There was a trend toward a gradual increase in the ratio of A. globiformis, and, by the end of the experiment, Pseudomonas sp. was replaced by A. globiformis almost completely. The bacterial species Micrococcus sp. and Rhodococcus erythropolis were minor components of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteriocenosis under the conditions of sulfate reduction. The succession of species of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the paraffin film of the model association reflects both the life strategy of the bacterial species under study and the degree of their tolerance to products of sulfate reduction.

Alkanes↗

PubMed2002

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories.

Microbiological air sampling was performed in 2 furniture factories located in eastern Poland. In one factory furniture were made from fibreboards and chipboards while in the other from beech wood. It was found that the concentration of total microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the air of the facility using beech wood for furniture production (mean 10.7 x (3) cfu/m(3), range 3.3 27.5 x (3) cfu/m(3)) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to microbial concentration in the facility using fibre- and chipboards (mean 3.6 x (3) cfu/m(3), range 1.9-6.2 x (3) cfu/m(3)). On average, the commonest microorganisms in the air of the furniture factories were corynebacteria (Corynebacterium spp., Arthrobacter spp., Brevibacterium spp.) which formed 18.1-50.0% of the total airborne microflora, and fungi (mostly Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Absidia spp. and yeasts) which formed 6.2-54.4% of the total count. The values of the respirable fraction of airborne microflora in the furniture factories varied within fairly wide limits and were between 15.0-62.4%. Altogether, 28 species or genera of bacteria and 12 species or genera of fungi were identified in the air of examined factories, of which respectively 8 and 7 species or genera were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. In conclusion, the workers of furniture factories are exposed to relatively low concentrations of airborne microorganisms which do not exceed the suggested occupational exposure limits. Nevertheless, the presence of allergenic and/or immunotoxic microbial species in the air of factories poses a potential risk of respiratory disease, in particular in sensitive workers.

Absidia↗

PubMed2002

Response of furniture factory workers to work-related airborne allergens.

The aim of this work was to determine the reactivity of furniture factory workers to microbial allergens associated with wood dust. Allergological examinations by skin and precipitin tests were performed in 48 workers employed in a factory producing furniture from fibreboards and chipboards, and in 32 healthy urban dwellers not exposed to organic dusts (referents). The skin test was performed by the intradermal method with the saline extracts of the cultures of 3 microbial species (Rahnella sp., Arthrobacter globiformis, Aspergillus fumigatus) associated with wood dust. Skin reactions were recorded after 20 minutes, 8 hours and 24 hours and graded 1-4, depending on the diameter of the reaction. The agar-gel test for the presence of precipitins in serum was performed with the extracts of 15 microbial isolates. The furniture factory workers showed a high skin response to the extracts of environmental microbes. The frequency of early grade 2 reactions (diameter 10 mm) to the extract of Rahnella sp. was 64.6% among furniture workers, being significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to reference group (18.7%). High frequencies of grade 2 reactions in furniture workers were also found with the extracts of A. globiformis and A. fumigatus (52.1% and 62.5%, respectively). The frequencies of grade 2 delayed (after 8 h) and late (after 24 h) reactions to Rahnella sp. in furniture workers were non-specifically high (97.9%/93.7%) while the response rates to A. globiformis and A. fumigatus were much lower (10.4%/25.0%, and 4.2%/37.5%, respectively). In agar-gel test for detection of precipitins, in most cases very low percentages of positive reactions (0-2.1%) were noted in furniture factory workers. The only exception was a high percentage of positive reactions (27.1%) to the antigen of Pseudomonas maltophilia, which was significantly greater in furniture workers compared to the reference group (p < 0.01). The obtained results suggest that early allergic reactions to microorganisms associated with wood dust are common among workers of furniture industry, which may increase a potential risk of work-related disease in this occupational group.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[The solubilization of four insoluble phosphates by some microorganisms].

Four insoluble phosphates of ferric phosphate (Fe-P), aluminum phosphate (Al-P), fluorapatite (FAP) and rock phosphate (RP) were used as a sole phosphorus resource for some phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. It was found that there was significant difference in solubilizing these phosphates by the tested isolates. The fungi normally were more powerful than the bacteria in dissolving the phsophates. The microorganisms generally solubilized more phosphate when supplied with NO3- than with NH4+. However, the isolates of 2TCiF2 and 4TCiF6 had much higher capacity to solubilize FAP and Al-P respectively in NH4+ medium. Most of the isolates solubilized readily FAP and RP, and then Al-P. Ferric phosphate was the least soluble to these isolates. Only isolate 2TCiF2 showed strong ability to solubilize Fe-P. In particular, two Aspergillus sp. had much higher capacity of dissolving Fe-P when suppled with NO3-. The isolates of Evwinia sp. 4TCRi22 and Enterobacter sp. 1TCRi15 had higher capacity of solubilizing FAP. But two Arthrobacter sp. showed the highest activity in RP medium. It is supposed that complexion of organic acids with metals may be the main reason for these isolates to solubilize the phosphates. However, other chelant substances may be much more important for Enterobacter sp. and Erwinia sp. to release phosphorus from the phsphates.

Aluminum Compounds↗

PubMed2002

[Microbial destruction of harmful organic contaminants inherent to atmosphere of living space].

The investigation into the microbial destruction of harmful organic contaminants in the air of habitable rooms was performed with the assumption that microorganisms have labile metabolism and synthesize inducible enzymes involved in transformation of organics compounds. Based on our observations, Methylobacterium D-08 and Arthrobacter pastens are able to synthesize inducible enzymes and transform ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and aldehyde. Association of these microorganisms does not reveal acute antagonism in case of co-cultivation on mineral substrates with carbon provided by ethanol, acidic acid, acetone, and acetate aldehyde. The most rapid growth of microorganisms was observed at 28 degrees C and pH 7. Determination of the effects of different concentrations of harmful organics on carbon dioxide production by the microbial association showed that the threshold concentration of acetate aldehyde was close to 2 mg/l and acetone--4 mg/l. The transformation activity was not reduced even at the ethanol and acidic acid concentrations of 80 and 100 mg/l, respectively. The association of A. pastens and M.D-08 oxidized ethanol, acidic acid, acetone and acetate aldehyde to carbon dioxide and water up to 90%.

Acetaldehyde↗

PubMed2002

Studies on the effect of inoculation of activated sludge with bacteria actively degrading hydrocarbons on the biodegradation of petroleum products.

Eighteen strains of bacteria were isolated from activated sludge purifying petroleum-refining wastewaters. These strains were plated on solidified mineral medium supplemented with oil fraction in concentration 1000 mg/l. Four of the strains that grew best in the presence of oil were selected for further studies. The strains were identified based on Bonde's scheme and microscopic observations. Three of them belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and one to the genus Micrococcus. Stationary cultures of single strains and their mixtures were set up in mineral medium containing oil (sterile and non-sterile) as sole carbon source in concentration 1000 mg/l. The oils were found to be removed the most efficiently by a mixture of the strains. After 14 days of culture the amount of oil was utilized by from 63 to 95%. In the next stage of the studies the bacteria were used to inoculate activated sludge. Stationary cultures of the activated sludge were set up in mineral medium with oil. The utilisation of petroleum products by non-inoculated activated sludge (control), activated sludge inoculated with a single strain or a mixture of all four strains was examined. In both inoculated activated sludge cultures approximately 80% of the oils were removed, compared to 60% in the control activated sludge. Therefore, inoculated activated sludge showed 20% higher effectiveness of removal of petroleum derivatives.

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The 1(2)-dehydrogenation of steroid substrates by Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D].

The bacterium formerly known as Arthrobacter globiformis 193 has high 1(2)-dehydrogenase activity toward pharmaceutically important steroids, 9(11)-dehydrocortexolone in particular. The complex analysis of the morphostructural, physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic properties of this bacterium allowed us to reclassify it into Nocardioides simplex (N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D).

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The quantity and structure of the root-associated microbial complexes of two greenhouse rose cultivars].

The study of the root-associated microbial complexes of affected and healthy rose plants of two cultivars (Grand gala and Royal velvet) grown in a greenhouse showed that the biomass of eukaryotic microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy rose plants and in the surrounding soil was considerably lower than in the same loci of affected plants. In contrast, the biomass of root-associated prokaryotic microorganisms was higher in the case of healthy than in the case of affected rose plants. The root-associated bacterial complexes of both affected and healthy rose plants were dominated by the genera Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Myxobacterium and did not contain phytopathogenic bacteria. The root-associated fungal complex of healthy roses was dominated by fungi of the genus Trichoderma, whereas that of the affected rose plants was dominated by the species Aureobasidium microstictum. The affected cane cuttings and cankers occurring on affected canes were found to contain Coniothyrium fuckelii (the causal fungus of rose stem canker) and sclerotia of Botrytis cinerea (the causal fungus of gray rot). The micromycete complex of healthy rose plants was not so diverse as was the micromycete complex of affected rose plants.

Arthrobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Employment of associative bacteria for the inoculation of barley plants cultivated in soil contaminated with lead and cadmium].

In laboratory experiments, the rhizobacteria Azospirillum lipoferum 137, Arthrobacter mysorens 7, Agrobacterium radiobacter 10, and Flavobacterium sp. L30 were found to have a relatively high resistance to the toxic heavy metals lead and cadmium (except that strain L30 was found to be sensitive to Cd). When introduced by means of seed bacterization, the heavy metal-resistant strains actively colonized the rhizosphere of barley plants cultivated in uncontaminated and contaminated soils. In both pot and field experiments, seed bacterization improved the growth of barley plants and the uptake of nutrient elements from soil contaminated with Pb and Cd. The bacterization also prevented the accumulation of Pb and Cd in barley plants, thereby mitigating the toxic effect of these heavy metals on the plants.

Agriculture↗