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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A new protein with a particular thermoprecipitability in bovine milk.

A new protein with a particular thermoprecipitability was isolated from bovine milk and tentatively termed milk pyroglobulin. The protein which was soluble at a relatively cold temperature was precipitated by raising the temperature to a certain degree depending on the concentration of the protein. The precipitate disappeared on recooling. This protein had the electrophoretic mobility of gamma globulin but did not carry either antigenic specificities of immunoglobulins or of free secretory component. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 60,000 in thin-layer gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 superfine gel, but the protein appeared to be convertible to molecules with a lower molecular weight of approximately 20,000 in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The presence of the albumin inhibited the thermoprecipitation as did alpha-lactalbumin but not IgG immunoglobulin from bovine colostrum. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein was separated into two components having a molecular weight of 19,000 and 10,000, respectively. Both components were thermoprecipitable and carried identical antigenic determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Diet and mental health in the Arctic: is diet an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples?--a review.

BACKGROUND: The people living in Arctic and Subarctic environments have adapted to cold temperatures, short growing seasons, and low precipitation, but their traditional ways are now changing due to increased contact with Western society. The rapid alteration of circumpolar cultures has led to generational changes in diet from traditional foods to the processed groceries common in modern stores. OBJECTIVES: Develop a link between changing traditional diets and mental health that may have substantial consequences for circumpolar peoples. METHODS: Review of English language literature pertaining to the northern circumpolar environments of the world that consist of the Arctic and Subarctic areas. Electronic resources such as ISI Web of Science and PubMed were utilized, using keywords such as arctic, circumpolar, diet, omega-3 fatty acids, mental health, seasonal affective disorder, and suicide. In addition, we used the cited references of obtained articles and the extensive University of Alaska Fairbanks library collections to identify additional publications that were not available from the electronic resources. The years covered were not restricted to any particular period, although 83% of the sources were published in the last 16 years. CONCLUSION: The change in traditional diets has already led to increased health problems, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, while the mental health of circumpolar peoples has also declined substantially during the same time period. The decline in mental health is characterized by increased rates of depression, seasonal affective disorder, anxiety, and suicide, that now often occur at higher rates than in lower-latitude populations. Studies in non-circumpolar peoples have shown that diet can have profound effects on neuronal and brain development, function, and health. Therefore, we hypothesize that diet is an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2000

Cryofibrinogenemia in a patient with B-cell lymphoma.

Cryofibrinogenemia is an uncommon cause of intravascular coagulation necrosis of the skin and occurs as a result of vascular occlusion from cryoproteins, which reversibly precipitate in cold temperatures. The disease is associated with various conditions, most commonly neoplastic and thromboembolic diseases, and produces cutaneous manifestations such as purpura, ecchymoses, gangrene, and ulcerations. Diagnosis is based on clinical cutaneous manifestations, histopathology, and the laboratory detection of cryofibrinogen precipitation. Treatment is based upon resolution of the underlying disease process or condition, although some interventions have been reported to have therapeutic efficacy. We discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a case of cryofibrinogenemia in a patient with underlying B-cell lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corneal temperature changes during photorefractive keratectomy using the Laserscan 2000 flying spot laser.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the thermal variations during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) induced by a Laserscan 2000 flying spot excimer laser. METHODS: Thermal changes during PRK were recorded using a non-contact infrared thermometer on 58 eyes with an attempted correction ranging from -1.25 to -9.00 D. The eyes were randomly divided into two groups to test the thermal effects of two different ablation scan techniques: sequential and randomized modes. Thermal measurements were also performed during myopic ablations on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) test plates. RESULTS: On PMMA plates, a significant relationship between the amount of attempted myopic correction and thermal changes was established (P=.017 in sequential mode and P=.007 in randomized mode); this was not established for human eyes. With the sequential mode, an unexpected cooling effect after PRK was reported for each myopia subgroup (P=.003 in the low and high myopia subgroups, P<.001 in the medium myopia subgroup). With the randomized mode, the cooling effect was detected only for low amounts of myopia. CONCLUSION: Despite a high repetition rate, the Laserscan 2000 flying spot laser minimized thermal shock. In comparison with randomized (nonsequential) pulse application, sequential pulsing showed no increase in the thermal loading of corneas. In fact, a cooling effect during PRK was produced.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Office evaluation and treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

BACKGROUND: Raynaud's phenomenon, an episodic vascular disorder induced by cold temperatures or stress and characterized by white, blue, and red discoloration of the fingers and toes, may affect up to 20% of the general population. KEY POINTS: Raynaud's phenomenon may exist independently (primary) or in association with an underlying disease (secondary), most commonly systemic sclerosis. The pathophysiologic features include vasospasm, endothelial cell changes, vessel obstructive features, and hemorrheologic factors. Raynaud's phenomenon is the initial manifestation of disease in 70% of patients with systemic sclerosis, in whom it may be present for many years before the development of the connective tissue disease. Patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon need only conservative management and should be reassured that digital ischemia and loss of tissue occur extremely rarely. Pharmacologic agents that have been studied include vasodilators, platelet inhibitors, serotonin antagonists, and fibrinolytics. CONCLUSIONS: For prognostic and therapeutic reasons, it is important to determine if Raynaud's phenomenon is associated with an underlying condition and if the patient may develop a connective tissue disease.

CREST Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Survival of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in water.

Several recent Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks associated with both drinking and recreational water raise concerns about waterborne illness caused by this pathogen. The survival characteristics of a mixture of five nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 strains (10(3) CFU/ml) in filtered and autoclaved municipal water, in reservoir water, and in water from two recreational lakes were determined for a period of 91 days at 8, 15 or 25 degrees C. Greatest survival was in filtered autoclaved municipal water and least in lake water. Regardless of the water source, survival was greatest at 8 degrees C and least at 25 degrees C. E. coli O157:H7 populations decreased by 1 to 2 log10 by 91 days at 8 degrees C, whereas the pathogen was not detectable (> or 3 = log10 decrease) within 49 to 84 days at 25 degrees C in three of the four water sources. SDS-PAGE of surface antigens of surviving cells revealed that there was no major alteration in lipopolysaccharide pattern, but outer membrane protein composition did change. These studies indicate that E. coli O157:H7 is a hardy pathogen that can survive for long periods of time in water, especially at cold temperatures. However, direct viable counts of E. coli O157:H7 determined by acridine orange staining remained essentially the same for 12 weeks at 25 degrees C, whereas viable counts on tryptic soy agar plates decreased to undetectable levels within 12 weeks. Results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 can enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in water.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2002

Resistance of cold- and starvation-stressed Vibrio vulnificus to heat and freeze-thaw exposure.

The effects of cold storage and starvation on the subsequent heat resistance and freeze-thaw resistance of Vibrio vulnificus were studied. Three strains of V. vulnificus were evaluated. Cold stress had no effect on freeze-thaw resistance (P > 0.05). Starvation enhanced freeze-thaw resistance for one strain compared to controls (P < 0.05). V. vulnificus was not heat resistant; control populations were inactivated within 12 min at 47 degrees C. Starvation increased heat tolerance for one strain, but differences were small from a processing perspective (P < 0.05). Cold stress had no effect on heat resistance (P > 0.05). Cold adaptation (holding 4 h at 15 degrees C) enhanced cold temperature (5 degrees C) tolerance. This information will be helpful in the development of methods to minimize V. vulnificus risk.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

Clinical comparison of preinjection anesthetics.

To minimize injection anxiety and discomfort, the podiatric surgeon can choose from a variety of topical anesthetics. Available modalities include skin refrigerants (also referred to as vapocoolants), needleless injection systems, iontophoresis, and eutectic mixtures of topical anesthetic cream such as EMLA Cream. Many of the vapocoolants contain chlorofluorocarbons, which are known to damage the ozone layer, a stratospheric layer that filters out harmful ultraviolet B radiation. In accordance with the 1992 Montreal Protocol, which banned the manufacture of certain chlorofluorocarbon compounds, many commonly used vapocoolants will no longer be available. Some newly marketed vapocoolants produce extremely cold temperatures, limiting their use. This article discusses the properties of various vapocoolants and other topical anesthetics and compares their effectiveness in patient trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The effects of vibration on hands and arms: clinical brief.

1. Prevention and early intervention are crucial for reducing unhealthy outcomes from exposures to vibration hazards. 2. Greater awareness by the worker of the interactions among stressors, heavy tools, awkward and forceful movements, cold temperatures, smoking, and other factors specific to the situation are essential. 3. Reviewing regular tool maintenance with the worker which stresses the recording of lubrication, rebalancing, calibration, and applicable support is important. 4. Health and safety committees and purchasing agents need to be supplied with vibration particulars of tools in advance of their purchase. This serves two purposes,--facilitating employee problem prevention and alerting equipment manufacturers to potential workplace exposure hazards.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Mixed cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C patients. GERMIVIC.

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that persist in the serum, precipitate with cold temperature and resolubilize when rewarmed. Types II and III are mixed cryoglobulins (MC), composed of different immunoglobulins, with a monoclonal component in type II and only polyclonal immunoglobulins in type III. Mixed cryoglobulins are associated with connective-tissue disease, malignant hematological disorder (type B lymphoproliferation) or obvious infectious process. Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome is characterized by the clinical triad of purpura, arthralgia and asthenia associated with type II or type III MC. The disorder is the consequence of an immune-complex-type vasculitis as supported by clinical features, analysis of the cryoglobulins, the usually depressed level of complement during the active phase of the disease, and the deposition of immunoglobulins and complement in the lesions. Such cryoglobulinemia vasculitis may involve numerous organs, particularly the peripheral nervous system and the kidneys. MC is frequently associated with clinical and biological evidence of liver disease. There has been some controversy about which comes first, MC or chronic liver disease, but it seems fairly clear that MC is often a manifestation of underlying chronic active or persistent hepatitis. In MC patients, the hepatotropic antigen(s) capable of triggering production of antibodies which can later form immune complexes has been sought for many years. In the last ten years, numerous studies have demonstrated that infection with hepatitis C virus is involved in the pathogenesis of most mixed cryoglobulinemia. This review analyzes the main published data on hepatitis C virus-mixed cryoglobulinemia, the role of liver alterations, the predictive factors associated with MC production in HCV patients and its symptomatic nature or not, and the different types of vasculitis associated with HCV chronic infection.

Arthralgia↗
PubMed2000

Newt prolactin and its involvement in reproduction.

The amino acid sequence of newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) prolactin deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA showed a relatively high homology with sequences of chicken and sea turtle prolactins as well as with those of anuran prolactins. Cynops prolactin receptor transcripts were detected in various tissues and organs, suggesting that prolactin plays multiple roles in urodeles. Urodele prolactin was purified from the pituitaries of C. pyrrhogaster. Antiserum against this prolactin was used for radioimmunoassay of plasma prolactin and immunoneutralization experiments. Endogenous prolactin was shown to induce migration to water, courtship behavior, and cessation of spermatocytogenesis in the Cynops newt. The hormone was found to be involved in the development of cloacal glands such as the lateral and abdominal glands, growth of the tail and Mauthner neurons, secretion of oviducal jelly, and enhanced synthesis of a female attracting pheromone (sodefrin), and responsiveness of the olfactory epithelium to sodefrin. In most of these cases, prolactin was found to act synergistically or antagonistically with sex steroids. We also discovered that hypersecretion of prolactin in the newts subjected to cold temperature was induced by hypothalamic stimulation rather than release from hypothalamic inhibition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An investigation of heat transfer to the implant-bone interface related to exothermic heat generation during setting of autopolymerizing acrylic resins applied directly to an implant abutment.

Excessive heat generation at the implant-bone interface may cause bone damage and compromise osseointegration. Autopolymerizing acrylic resins are commonly used intraorally to join impression copings and suprastructure components for soldering. The effect of heat generation at the implant surface related to the exothermic setting reaction of autopolymerizing acrylic resins applied to an attached abutment was examined in vitro. Two brands of autopolymerizing acrylic resin, Duralay and GC Pattern Resin, were compared. Acrylic resin was applied to a titanium alloy abutment connected to a titanium alloy cylindric implant in varying controlled volumes, with both bulk application and brush paint-on techniques. The implant was embedded in an acrylic resin mandible in a 37 degrees C water bath. Temperature changes were recorded via embedded thermocouples at the cervical and apical of the implant surface. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare treatment groups. A mean maximum increase in temperature of 4 to 5 degrees C was seen at the implant cervical for both materials, with a maximum temperature increase of 6 degrees C. No difference between Duralay and GC Pattern Resin was seen, except for bulk application to medium-sized copper bands at the implant cervical (P < .05). No difference between the bulk and brush techniques was seen for all options, except for GC, where bulk application to medium-sized copper bands produced higher temperatures than the brush technique (P < .05). Spray coolant reduced temperatures for bulk application of both Duralay and GC (P < .05).

Acrylic Resins↗