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PubMedDate not supplied

Ulcerative colitis in Israel: epidemiology, morbidity, and genetics.

We have reviewed the epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Israel. Ulcerative colitis is twice as common as Crohn's disease, and has increased in frequency in both sexes and in all ethnic sections of the Jewish population since 1960. The disease is more prevalent in European- and American-born Jews than in Asian- and African-born Jews and Israeli-born Jews, but this difference appears to be decreasing in magnitude. With the exception of European- and American-born Jews, ulcerative colitis is less prevalent in Israel than in Jews living elsewhere. Major regional differences in disease severity by sex, and in the extent of colonic involvement, were detected. Colorectal cancer occurs less frequently in colitis patients in Israel than elsewhere. The peak age at onset is 15-30 years, with Israeli-born colitis patients having a significantly earlier mean age at onset. Genetic and environmental causative factors are incompletely understood. The disease has become more prevalent in the Arab population.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1988

Effects of cigarette smoking on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis.

We assessed the effect of smoking on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis in 209 subjects by comparing disease severity in smokers and non-smokers as measured by yearly number of hospitalizations for ulcerative colitis treatment and the need for a colectomy. Hospitalization for ulcerative colitis treatment occurred less frequently in persons who smoked after disease onset, but the colectomy rate in persons who smoked after disease onset and non-smokers was similar. Both hospitalization and colectomy for treatment of ulcerative colitis occurred more frequently among smokers who quit before disease onset. Furthermore, hospitalization and colectomy occurred most frequently in the heaviest smokers who quit before disease onset. We found no strong evidence of a therapeutic effect of smoking after ulcerative colitis onset on this illness's clinical course, but smoking before disease onset may affect the clinical severity of this illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Three cases of familial ulcerative colitis--in a mother and two of her sons.

A pedigree of familial ulcerative colitis with their HLA haplotypes is reported. The mother and two children, the eldest and second of three sons were affected. The mother developed proctitis at age 35, and the lesion extended to the entire colon at the time of a relapse. The two sons developed ulcerative colitis in a similar fashion; total colitis, of moderate severity, developing at age 16 in both. The analysis of HLA haplotypes of all five family members suggested that the HLA responsible for ulcerative colitis in this family was not HLA B, C, or DR, but Aw24 and DQw1. The third son had the same HLA haplotype as the second son, and it was presumed that he would develop ulcerative colitis in the future. These cases, together with other cases of familial ulcerative colitis indicate that Aw24 and DQw1 are critical phenotypes for ulcerative colitis in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Morphological and immunohistochemical quantitative analysis of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. II. Immunohistochemical quantitative analysis].

Mapping specimens of 6 cases of ulcerative colitis included adenocarcinoma invaded into submucosa (invasive carcinoma) were made and immunohistochemical quantitative analysis of ras p21, an oncogene product and secretory component were examined in invasive carcinoma, severe and moderate dysplasia of ulcerative colitis. Large intestinal carcinoma invaded into submucosa, colonic adenoma and normal mucosa were examined as the control. Index values of Staining Density (ISD) and of Staining Gland (ISG) of ras p21 demonstrated significantly higher values in invasive carcinoma, severe and moderate dysplasia of ulcerative colitis than adenoma (P less than 0.01). ISG of secretory component in moderate dysplasia and adenoma showed significantly high value compared with severe dysplasia and invasive carcinoma of ulcerative colitis (P less than 0.05). The collective evidence indicates that severe dysplasia falls into the same category with invasive carcinoma of ulcerative colitis and may be defined as carcinoma in situ. Moderate dysplasia was also defined as carcinoma in situ or borderline lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Octreotide in patients with active ulcerative colitis treated with high dose corticosteroids (OPUS 1).

BACKGROUND: In ulcerative colitis the intestinal somatostatin content is reduced. Somatostatin has several immune-inhibitory effects. In vitro it diminishes activity of intestinal lymphocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. Its long-acting analogue octreotide has beneficial effects on mucosal damage in acute experimental acetic acid colitis in rats. AIMS: To determine the potential benefits of octreotide as a treatment for patients with severe ulcerative colitis treated with high dose corticosteroids. PATIENTS: Forty-two patients with severe ulcerative colitis (more than 10 points on the Powell-Tuck scoring system and mucosal disease Heatly grade III or IV). METHODS: In a multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled trial all patients were treated with oral 5-ASA (1.6-2.4 g daily) and high dose corticosteroids (tapering off from 60 to 80 mg daily). They were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous placebo (n = 22) or octreotide 500 microg (n = 20) thrice daily during 21 days. Clinical and endoscopic disease activity, histology and laboratory parameters were obtained during the study period. RESULTS: Clinical disease activity for both octreotide and placebo were not significantly different at baseline and after 21 days of treatment. Endoscopic disease activities (mean +/- SD) changed from 12.5 +/- 4.7 to 7.2 +/- 5.3 for octreotide, and from 11.5 +/- 5.0 to 5.0 +/- 3.4 for placebo (NS). Seven patients from both groups received additional treatment (colectomy (n = 6), cyclosporin (n = 1)). Adverse events occurred equally in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous administration of octreotide 500 microg thrice daily is not of additional benefit as adjuvant therapy to high dose corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Has smoking changed the epidemiology of ulcerative colitis?

The influence of smoking on the risk of developing ulcerative colitis is well documented. Compared with lifetime non-smokers, the risk is reduced in smokers and increased in ex-smokers. During the past 50 years general smoking habits have changed considerably. The proportions of smokers and ex-smokers among men and women have undergone significant changes and, consequently, probably also their risk of ulcerative colitis. A review of 56 earlier epidemiologic studies of ulcerative colitis from 1930 to 1990 showed that the sex distribution in ulcerative colitis has changed from an earlier female predominance that has now been replaced by a male predominance. In contemporary pediatric studies no such changes were seen. We propose that these changes in adults are not related to the disease per se but to an extrinsic factor affecting adults but not children--namely smoking.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2000

Nutritional therapies for ulcerative colitis: literature review, chart review study, and future research.

Few clinical studies suggest a significant influence of diet or nutritional supplementation on ulcerative colitis. One reason is that ulcerative colitis, like many chronic diseases, is multifactorial. This article will describe and review the relevant literature on ulcerative colitis, including studies of (1) diet and intravenous therapy, (2) nutritional status and nutritional supplementation, and (3) bowel flora and immune function and their influences. Also, results of a retrospective chart review study that was done at a complementary medicine office will be presented. Finally, suggestions for future research will be discussed based on a nutritional model of ulcerative colitis. Taken together, it is hoped that these areas will clarify the current status of ulcerative colitis research and promote the types of investigations that are necessary to establish the validity of nutritional influences on ulcerative colitis as well as the mechanisms that are involved.

Adolescent↗