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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The role of life events in the onset of panic disorder.

Twenty-five panic disorder patients and fifteen obsessive-compulsive patients are compared with regard to a number of Life Events over the last 12 months prior to onset of the disorder and additionally over the total life course up until onset of the disorder. Panic Disorder patients do not differ from obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in terms of the number of life events, they experience during the last year prior to onset of their disorder. However, over the total life course, Panic Disorder patients do seem to be exposed to more Life Events than obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. The findings are discussed in light of the existing literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The relationship among guilt, dysphoria, anxiety and obsessions in a normal population.

Seventy-six college students reported intrusive thoughts and impulses on a checklist. These students also completed questionnaires assessing depression, trait anxiety and perceived guilt. Results indicated for this normal population that intrusive thoughts were more distressful, more difficult to dismiss and occur with a greater variety of content compared to intrusive impulses. Multiple regression analysis showed that guilt was the best predictor of intrusive thoughts and impulses. Self-reported depression and anxiety were not strong predictors with respect to nonclinical obsessions and impulses. Discussion focuses on the utility of assessing guilt with obsessional disorders, the lack of a relationship between self-report trait anxiety and nonclinical obsessions, and the need to examine the relationship between guilt and anxiety with clinically obsessional subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population. II. Associations with depressive, anxious, and compulsive symptoms.

The relationships between experimental dimensions of cognitive intrusions and depressive, anxious, and compulsive symptoms were studied among 125 university students. The students completed a questionnaire describing and evaluating seven cognitive intrusions and inventories of depressive, anxious, and compulsive symptoms. Principal component factor analysis on the 14 cognitive intrusion questionnaire dimensions identified five factors that were interpreted as general distress, evaluation, control, diversity and attention. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that effortful strategies in response to cognitive intrusions, general distress and diversity were predictors of both Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory scores. The evaluation factor consisting of perceived responsibility, disapproval and guilt ratings was also associated with depression and was the only significant predictor of Compulsive Activity Checklist scores. The control factor, consisting of items describing successful application of response strategies, was negatively related to BAI scores. The results are discussed as providing support for Salkovskis' formulation of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Demeclocycline improves hyponatremia in chronic schizophrenics.

Serum sodium concentration increased significantly in eight hyponatremic schizophrenic subjects treated with demeclocycline. The incidence of severe hyponatremic episodes was significantly reduced. The authors argue that mild impairments in urinary dilution contribute to water intoxication in most chronic psychotics who develop this syndrome. Demeclocycline may help these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The neuronal basis of compulsive behaviour in anorexia nervosa.

The relationship between arousal and efficiency of the brain is shown by the inverted U of the Yerkes-Dodson curve. Measuring arousal has been difficult because the three types of arousal (EEG, behaviour and autonomic) do not change in unison. From Magoun's work, arousal can be stimulated via the reticular formation or from parts of the cortex. Kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg) causes widespread excitation when applied to the cortex and may represent this mechanism: it is then inhibited only by noradrenaline. The hippocampus causes stimulation of arousal to persist after the exciting stimulus stops and can itself be stimulated into long term potentiation. The latter may be related to the onset of compulsive behaviour which appears to occur only with excessive stimulation of arousal. The opioid dynorphin is the main stimulator of the hippocampus and can cause long term potentiation. Inhibition of opioid activity by continuous naloxone infusion facilitates weight gain in anorexia and in some will abolish the compulsive drive. Other opioid antagonists need to be found for the more severe compulsive behaviour patients.

Anorexia Nervosa↗