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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical signs and symptoms requiring computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation.

A summary of some of the clinically important symptoms and signs relating to disease of the afferent visual pathways, motility, and the orbit are presented. Common disorders are discussed in the context of choosing a neuroimaging study. Specific findings (e.g., pupillary abnormalities, types of nystagmus, visual field patterns) that may affect the type of study and the anatomic area that is imaged are emphasized.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

Pediatric orbital and visual pathway lesions.

This article presents the clinical and imaging aspects of some common and important orbital and optic pathway lesions occurring in childhood. Lesions that arise outside of and encroach on the orbit and visual pathways are included. Abnormalities intrinsic to the globe are covered elsewhere in this issue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Proton MR spectroscopy in Coats disease.

We describe a case of acute left-sided visual loss in a 4-year-old boy. CT showed hyperdense retinal detachment with a tiny calcification, and MR imaging showed subretinal hyperintensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Proton MR spectroscopy showed a large peak between 1 and 1.6 ppm that we believe corresponds mainly to lipids, which are characteristic of the exudate present in Coats disease.

Blood-Retinal Barrier↗
PubMed1998

Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: clinical manifestation, radiologic diagnosis, surgery and visual outcome.

BACKGROUND: Most patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) present with visual symptoms mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma. Accurate preoperative differentiation is important because TSM requires a craniotomy, whereas the transsphenoidal route is preferred for removal of most pituitary macroadenomas. METHODS: From 1989 to 1994, five patients with TSM were treated at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. All were female, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years. This paper is a retrospective review of clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and postoperative visual recovery. RESULTS: The most common symptom, with a duration of one month to two years, was asymmetrical visual loss. Abnormal endocrine levels were found in one patient (prolactin: 47.91 ng/ml). Another patient was misdiagnosed as having a pituitary adenoma by coronal view computed tomography (CT) and underwent a transsphenoidal operation. Later, an accurate diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She then underwent another operation--unilateral subfrontal craniotomy with total removal of the tumor. The other patients were preoperatively diagnosed as having meningioma by MRI. They also underwent unilateral subfrontal craniotomy with total removal of tumor. All patients showed good visual improvement after their operation. The extent of visual improvement was closely related to the duration of preoperative visual loss. There was no tumor recurrence after a follow-up period of six months to five years (mean, two years and six months). CONCLUSIONS: It should be emphasized that the diagnosis of TSM must first be based on clinical symptoms and signs, or "chiasma-syndrome". It can be accurately diagnosed preoperatively by sagittal view MRI. Early diagnosis will increase the chances of a good postoperative visual outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Ocular and orbital symptoms of Wegener's disease].

Wegener's granuloma occurs most commonly in upper respiratory tract, in lungs and in kidneys. In many cases ocular and orbital disturbances may be accompanied by changes in the nose and sinuses. These disturbances occur as: superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome or ocular fascicle atrophy. The authors present the symptoms of these disturbances in 3 patients treated at Otolaryngological Clinic, Medical University of Gdańsk. On the bases of clinical symptoms and radiological results (CT and MRI) the assessment of pathogenesis of ocular and orbital symptoms was made in each of these cases, with special regard to the mode and result of the treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Optic nerve head swelling in the Hadju-Cheney syndrome.

The Hadju-Cheney syndrome is one of the idiopathic acroosteolyses. Associated neurologic abnormalities are often a result of progressive basilar invagination. A 48-year-old man with the Hadju-Cheney syndrome developed progressive bilateral visual loss. On examination, he had hyperopia, choroidal folds, optic nerve head swelling, and mild optic neuropathy. Computed tomographic scans showed massive enlargement of both intraorbital optic nerve sheaths. Improvement occurred after optic nerve sheath fenestration. Visual loss due to optic nerve meningocele can occur in the Hadju-Cheney syndrome. Optic nerve sheath fenestration can result in visual improvement. It is unclear whether the occurrence of optic nerve meningocele is causally or fortuitously related to the Hadju-Cheney syndrome.

Fundus Oculi↗
PubMed1998

[Post-traumatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland].

A young 17-year-old man was injured on the external orbital canthus and developed a tumefaction which remained stable. After 2 years the tumefaction with exophthalmia and visual troubles. Radiological investigations suggested two diagnosis: Organized hematoma or a lacrimal gland tumor. Surgical exploration found an apparently benign tumor but histologically it was a cystic adenoid carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Lateral canthotomy: a simple and safe procedure for orbital haemorrhage secondary to endoscopic sinus surgery.

Two cases of orbital complications secondary to functional endoscopic sinus surgery are presented. One case was complicated in the immediate post-operative period with an orbital haematoma, which required urgent decompression using lateral canthotomy. The second case had presented an acute orbital haemorrhage during functional endoscopic sinus surgery, which required the same surgical procedure. These cases demonstrate that lateral canthotomy constitutes a safe and fast surgical procedure to decrease the intraorbital pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effect of human leukocyte antigen disparity on cyclosporine neurotoxicity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE: We examined the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and the development of cyclosporine (CyA) neurotoxicity in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and determined the frequency and imaging characteristics of CyA neurotoxicity in these patients. METHODS: Records of 87 patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were reviewed. Eight patients who presented with visual disturbance and/or seizures and had MR imaging within 24 hours were identified. Transplant donor relatedness was examined, and patients' imaging studies were reviewed. Clinical parameters, including blood pressure, CyA, creatinine, and magnesium levels, and the presence of graft-versus-host disease were reviewed. RESULTS: CyA neurotoxicity was seen more frequently in HLA-mismatched and unrelated donor transplants. The frequency of CyA neurotoxicity was 4% for patients with a 5/6 or 6/6 HLA match, 13% for matched unrelated donor transplants, and 50% for haplotypic 3/6 or 4/6 transplants. Patients with matched unrelated donor transplants and haplotypic transplants presented earlier in the posttransplant time course and had decreased survival time relative to patients with HLA-matched transplants. Imaging abnormalities most commonly affected the occipital lobes and the posterior cerebral hemispheres; both cortical and white matter involvement was identifiable as T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense signal with associated gyral swelling and sulcal effacement on the initial MR studies. Hypodensity in the affected areas was noted on CT scans. Contrast enhancement was seen in HLA-mismatched and unrelated transplants only. Follow-up imaging showed interval decreases in subcortical edema; however, residual signal abnormality, primarily affecting the cortex, was present in all cases and seen best on proton density-weighted MR images. CONCLUSION: The frequency of severe CyA neurotoxicity increases with increasing HLA disparity, suggesting that immune factors may play a role. CyA neurotoxicity appears to represent a spectrum of disease processes. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier as well as hypoxic or vasculitic cortical injury resulting in MR-detectable cortical signal abnormalities may occur in severe cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical picture of colloid cysts of the III ventricle].

Clinical analysis of 74 cases of colloid cysts of the III-d ventricle was performed. Dynamics of clinical symptom complex was studied both in preoperative and early postoperative period as well as in remote periods after surgery. Most of the patients were treated in N.N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery during 1980-1995. Peculiarities of the disease development before clinical manifestation, variations of complicated postoperative period, prognostically significant symptoms, possible mechanisms of clinical syndromes development were considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis].

126 patients with histologically verified mediastinal-pulmonary legions were examined in terms of neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis. Systemic psychoneurologic observation of all patients was performed by continuous method. Neurologic disorders were nonmalignant, chronic, latent or transitory. Stable, acute or severe manifestations were registered quite seldom. Sensory, autonomic, neuroendocrine and neuropsychologic disorders prevailed in clinical picture.

Adult↗