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Results for “Desensitization, Psychologic”

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PubMed2003

[Psychotherapeutic treatment of traumatic stress with the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) method].

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a method, developed at the end of the nineteen-eighties, for the treatment of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The patient is asked to concentrate on certain aspect of the traumatic memory while keeping his eyes fixed on the movements of the therapist's finger. Apparently, this triggers information processing that results in appreciable relief for the patient. The method has proven to be equally as effective as behavioral-therapeutic techniques, and, has in the meantime, been included in national and international guidelines for the treatment of PTSD. The indications for EMDR treatment include not only PTSD, but, increasingly, also other, sometimes more severely chronic, it trauma sequelae. Within the framework of basic care, EMDR must be embedded within a treatment plan and should, where applicable, be combined with other methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Development of a virtual speaking simulator using Image Based Rendering.

The fear of speaking is often cited as the world's most common social phobia. The rapid growth of computer technology has enabled the use of virtual reality (VR) for the treatment of the fear of public speaking. There are two techniques for building virtual environments for the treatment of this fear: a model-based and a movie-based method. Both methods have the weakness that they are unrealistic and not controllable individually. To understand these disadvantages, this paper presents a virtual environment produced with Image Based Rendering (IBR) and a chroma-key simultaneously. IBR enables the creation of realistic virtual environments where the images are stitched panoramically with the photos taken from a digital camera. And the use of chroma-keys puts virtual audience members under individual control in the environment. In addition, real time capture technique is used in constructing the virtual environments enabling spoken interaction between the subject and a therapist or another subject.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2002

Virtual Reality Therapy: case study of fear of public speaking.

The major goal of this research case study was to investigate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) in the treatment of the fear of public speaking. A twenty-eight-year-old Caucasian male was selected from questionnaires distributed to a class of undergraduate students enrolled at Kennesaw State University. Two assessment measures were used in this study. The first measure used was the Attitude Towards Public Speaking (ATPS) Questionnaire. The second measure used was the eleven-point Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUD) scale. These measurements assessed the anxiety, avoidance, attitudes and disturbance associated with the subject's fear of public speaking before and after each VRT treatment session. This case study of public speaking fear indicates that VRT may be used as an effective treatment method for reducing self-reported anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Exploratory design and evaluation of a user interface for virtual reality exposure therapy.

Virtual reality exposure therapy is slowly becoming a viable option for therapists. For virtual reality systems to be used in the daily practice of therapists, their usability needs to be taken into consideration. This paper describes the current state-of-the-art in interfaces for these systems, and describes several proposals for improving the design of these systems. An exploratory evaluation is performed to assess the merits of aspects of the proposed user interface.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2002

Virtual reality assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of Panic Disorders with Agoraphobia.

The chapter describes the characteristics of the Experiential-Cognitive Therapy (ECT) protocol for Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. The goal of ECT is to decondition fear reactions, to modify misinterpretational cognition related to panic symptoms and to reduce anxiety symptoms. This is possible in an average of eight sessions of treatment plus an assessment phase and booster sessions, through the integration of Virtual Experience and traditional cognitive-behavioral techniques. We decided to employ the techniques included in the cognitive-behavioral approach because they showed high levels of efficacy. Through virtual environments we can gradually expose the patient to feared situation: virtual reality consent to re-create in our clinical office a real experiential world. The patient faces the feared stimuli in a context that is nearer to reality than imagination. For ECT we developed the Virtual Environments for Panic Disorders--VEPD--virtual reality system. VEPD is a 4-zone virtual environment developed using the Superscape VRT 5.6 toolkit. The four zones reproduce different potentially fearful situations--an elevator, a supermarket, a subway ride, and large square. In each zone the characteristics of the anxiety-related experience are defined by the therapist through a setup menu.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy in the management of TMD.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate whether cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) was effective as a standard intervention for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 134 TMD outpatients with no history of treatment for TMD. They had pain persisting for 1 month or more and/or limited jaw movement. All patients underwent CBT. Symptom fluctuation was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Symptoms had disappeared and improved in 112 patients within 2 months. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that most TMD symptoms can be relieved only by CBT in less than 2 months without further intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Systematic desensitization of a phobia for flying with the use of suggestion.

This case study describes the successful treatment of a phobia for flying in an active-duty United States Marine helicopter crew chief by using systematic desensitization. Systematic desensitization is briefly described as a treatment technique which incorporates relaxation exercises paired with the visualization of anxiety-producing images--in this case, images associated with flying. The patient and the therapist constructed a hierarchy of 32 items which were then rank ordered from least to most anxiety producing with the first item being "Ordering parts to repair a helicopter" and the last item being "A routine helicopter landing". Treatment consisted of having the patient visualize the scenes from the list while achieving a state of deep relaxation. The patient was unique in that he possessed an extraordinary ability to experience olfactory, tactile, auditory, and kinesthetic cues as well as vivid visualizations when imagining the items. The patient moved to the next item on the list only after he could feel relaxed while visualizing the previously anxiety-arousing scene of the preceding item. After progressing through the entire list, the patient initiated an actual helicopter flight. The patient participated in a 6-month follow-up helicopter flight with the therapist and experienced an appropriate, manageable level of anxiety. The presentation concludes with a brief discussion concerning the protential usefulness of routinely incorporating relaxation exercises into flight training as a preventative approach to anxiety- and stress-related illness frequently found in aviators.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Gagging during oral health care treatments. Available diagnostic and treatment tools].

The aim of this paper was to explore the diagnostic and treatment tools for patients who gag during oral health care treatment. Reference to such tools is not available in scientific literature. For diagnostic purposes, a questionnaire was developed. In due course the results of its reliability and validity will be published. As yet there is no preferred method of dealing with the problem of patients' gagging. A recommended option to treat the problem is based on a cognitive behavioural perspective with gradual exposure in vivo. In cases of extreme gagging, teamwork of oral health care provider and psychologist seems to be a prerequisite for success.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1991

New developments in cognitive-behavioral therapy for social phobia.

Significant advances in cognitive-behavioral therapy for social phobia have occurred during the past 5 years. A new psychobiological model of social anxiety is described, and recent controlled clinical trials are reviewed. An effective cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy for social phobia developed in the authors' setting is described with case studies. Finally, future directions in cognitive-behavioral approaches to therapy for social anxiety, including clinical trials of interactive approaches that combine drug therapy with behavioral therapy and of intensive treatment of patients with avoidant personality disorder, are described briefly.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[New elements in behavior therapy of a case of dog phobia in an adolescent patient with Down's syndrome. A critical study of the method].

A review of the actual literature shows, that we have no reports of successful behavioral methods for the treatment of mentally retarded children with phobias. This study suggests a new way for treating a dog-phobia of a seventeen year old boy with Downsyndrom, using a special form of flooding by including the Premack-principle. Problems of desensitization and other special effects during therapy of these patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗