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PubMed1984

Meningitis in children of Riyadh.

One hundred and forty cases of meningitis admitted to the Children's Hospital in Riyadh from June 1980 to the end of May 1982 were included in a prospective study. Sixty-seven percent were under 1 year of age and 90% were under 5 years old. One hundred and twenty-four (88.6%) had purulent CSF, 12 (8.6%) had viral and four (2.9%) had tuberculous meningitis. E. coli was the commonest causative organism in the neonates. After that age S. pneumoniae was the predominant isolate. The implication of increasing resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin therapy were discussed and a further rare case of meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum was described. Seventy-three (52%) were cured completely, 39 (28%) survived with immediate neurological deficits and 28 (20%) died. Mortality and neurological sequelae were found to be high in four categories of patients: neonates, patients who were stuporose or comatose on admission, those who were partially treated before admission and those who presented late after the onset of their symptoms.

Child↗

PubMed1984

[Microbiological studies of ground water polluted with hydrocarbons. 1. Quantitative and qualitative distribution of bacterial populations].

The groundwater, polluted with hydrocarbons, showed large cell numbers during one year of examination: 10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml grown on N-agar after 5 days at 20 degrees C, 10(4)-10(5) CFU/ml grown on water-agar after 8 weeks at 20 degrees C and total cell numbers of 10(5)-10(7)/ml. The bacteria, which were isolated from N-agar, were chiefly Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, and other gramnegative species, Arthrobacter and Bacillus as members of grampositive bacteria. Furthermore the following "physiological' groups were found in the groundwater: ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (MPN 10(1)-10(2)/ml), sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (MPN 10(1)-10(4)/ml), nitrate-reducing bacteria (MPN 10(3)-10(6)/ml), denitrifying bacteria (MPN 10(1)-10(4)/ml), spores of aerobe spore-forming bacteria (2-30/ml), spores of anaerobe spore-forming bacteria (0.2-0.4/ml), manganese-oxidizing bacteria (10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml) and Actinomycetes (0.1-1.0 CFU/ml).

Acinetobacter↗

PubMed1980

[On the occurrence of staphylococci and pseudomonas in swimming-pool water (author's transl)].

1. Analyses made at a bath with an additional ozone processing stage showed that the bathers caused a marked bacterial contaminatin on busy days and that this contamination did not originate from the purification plant. 2. This finding and numerous individual analyses of water from various swimming pools yielded a spectrum of 14 micro-organisms, 4 genera being of frequent incidence: bacillus, staphylococcus, pseudomonas and flavobacterium. In general, bacterial contamination exists not only in the pool itself but also after filtering and even subsequent to the addition of chlorine. Staphylococci were found to be particularly invulnerable even to high chlorine contents, which is likely to be attributable to their enclosure in organic material. 5. Tenfold sampling demonstrated that the identification of Staphylococcus aureus in individual samples is unreliable despite its ubiquitous occurrence, probably due to their uneven distribution in the water, while the identification or exclusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa proves sufficiently dependable even with only individual samples. 4. The general routine analysis of swimming pool water for the presence of staphylococcus aureus appears not justifiable, whilst testing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa appears justifiable, especially for identifying potentially dangerous filter contaminations.

Bacillus↗

PubMed1982

[Properties of aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferases from two chloramphenicol-resistant Flavobacteria].

Two enzymes of chloramphenicol-resistant Flavobacterium strain CB 60 and strain CB 6 which catalyse the transamination of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were enriched 43-fold and 31-fold. The molecular mass for the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferases of both strains was found to be 120000 Da and the isoelectric point was at about pH 4.2-4.3. Both enzymes are not influenced by EDTA. A ping pong bi-bi-mechanism was obtained for the kinetic mechanism of the reaction. The aminotransferases of strain CB 60 and CB 6 differ in the pH optimum (pH 8.4-9.0 and 7.8-9.0), in the optimum of temperature (40.0 degrees C and 57.5 degrees C) and in a higher heat stability of the enzyme of strain CB 60 in comparison to that of strain CB 6. The catalytic activity of the enzyme of strain CB 60 is not influenced by cycloserine, contrary to the enzyme of CB 6 which is inhibited to 89%. Isonicotinohydrazide does not inhibit the enzyme of strain CB 6, but reduces the catalytic activity of the enzyme of strain CB 60 to 64%. Both enzymes are inhibited differently by phenylhydrazine [78% (CB 60) and 56% (CB 6)]. Data in percentages are related to 0.15 mM inhibitor. For the substrates tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and 2-oxoglutarate, the aminotransferase of strain CB 60 has Km values of 15.0, 16.6, 16.6 and 1.7mM, and for the enzyme of strain CB 6 Km values of 1.40, 1.33, 1.37 and 0.97mM were obtained.

Chloramphenicol↗

PubMed1981

[The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of amniotic fluid (author's transl)].

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 100 samples of amniotic fluid (LA) was studied against 5 bacterial species that are responsible for neonatal infections. These results show that there is a bacteriostatic activity in liquor. 52 specimens of liquor amnii (52%) were shown to be active against at least one of the 5 bacterial specimens studied. 32 samples of liquor (32%) were active against Listeria monocytogenes, 21 (21%) against Flavobacterium meningosepticum, 18 (18%) against Escherichia coli, 17 (17%) against group B streptococci and 7 (7%) against Bacteroides fragilis. A simultaneous study of the 6 types of germs show a separate characteristics of this activity. In this way the number of samples of liquor that were active against one or at the same time against 2, 3, 4 or 5 bacteria were respectively 24, 19, 5, 2 and 2. The bacteriostatic effect was more frequently active in those samples of liquor which were studied near term (57.5%) than in the samples studied nearer the beginning of pregnancy (31.5%). All the same, this difference is not statistically significant. There was no difference in the antibacterial activity of samples of liquor from normal and from abnormal pregnancies. The bacterial effect was found only in 12% of samples of liquor, particularly against streptococcus B (8%) and against Listeria monocytogenes (4%). This bactericidal effect was only found after the 31st week of amenorrhoea.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1981

[Microbiological investigations with decentral dosing apparatuses for disinfectants. Part 1: investigations of cell number (author's transl)].

Cell numbers have been investigated for several months in disinfectant solutions which were measured out with tap water by decentral automatically dosing apparatuses. They differed not only quantitatively but also qualitatively with respect to the products used: With one product on the bases of aldehydes + organic tin compound 3 h after samples have been collected up to 100 bacteria/100 ml could be cultivated. Thus, cell numbers in disinfectant solutions were in the same range of cell numbers of tap water. Sometimes the cell numbers in both substrates seem to go parallel (Fig. 1). The bacterial compositions in both were similar (Table 3); gramnegative, yellow bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium dominated. After the disinfectant in one apparatus has been substituted by one which is composed of aldehydes + a quaternary ammonium compound cell numbers rapidly and permanently decreased to the limit of detectability. Only coryneform bacteria survived for a longer time which were characterized (Tab. 4) but not determined taxonomically. Their facultatively methylotrophic growth was conspicuously.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1981

[Identification of bacteria from use-surface disinfectant solutions and their sensibility against disinfectants (author's transl)].

The investigations are concerned with bacteria which had been isolated from use-surface disinfectant solutions originated from 19 disinfection dosage apparatus of different hospitals and from 8 taps of a centralised disinfection dosage apparatus in an other hospital. The greatest part of the isolated bacteria belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Beyond it there were yellow-pigmented bacteria like Xanthomonas, Flavobacterium and Micrococcus. After subculture on solid peptone-containing media most of the isolated bacteria turned out to be sensitive to the disinfection solutions in a concentration range, that had been applied in the dosage apparatus. The examination of 6 disinfectants showed, that there were considerable differences in the efficiency to kill the bacteria. Even one preparation pointed out to be absolutely ineffective at applied concentrations.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1980

[Non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli: their distribution to clinical materials and antibiotic susceptibility (author's transl)].

A total of 7898 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from various clinical materials. Pseudomonas (7526) was the most common among them. Alcaligenes faecalis (273), Acinetobacter sp. (93) and Flavobacterium (6) were the other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Most of them were found in urine and pus cultures, however they were also isolated from sputum, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic in vitro. Fifty four per cent of Pseudomonas, 100% of Acinetobacter, and 70% of Alcaligenes faecalis were inhibited by tobramycin.

Acinetobacter↗

PubMed1995

Bacterial contamination of aerosol solutions containing antibiotics.

In an investigation of microbial contamination of aerosol solutions containing antibiotics (hospital pharmaceutical preparations, no preservatives added), five of six residual solutions after multiple use for 7 days were contaminated at a concentration of 10(6) viable counts/ml. Contaminants were glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas cepacia and Flavobacterium meningosepticum. The major contaminant, P. cepacia, multiplied rapidly in the aerosol solution under simulated actual-use conditions. The contamination seemed to have been caused by storage, at room temperature instead of in a refrigerator, of the multiple-dose solutions and by frequent re-use of syringes to measure the solutions. Prompt refrigerator storage after each use of the solutions and abandonment of the syringes within 24 h eliminated bacterial contamination of the solutions. Sufficient attention is not paid to prevent bacterial contamination of aerosol solutions containing antibiotics because of the fact that they contain antibiotics. Thus aerosol solutions containing antibiotics should be handled with great care to prevent bacterial contamination.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1995

JTP-4819: a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor with potential as a cognitive enhancer.

JTP-4819 ((S)-2-[[(S)-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-N- phenylmethyl)-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide) is a potent (IC50: 0.83 +/- 0.09 nM in rat brain supernatant; 5.43 +/- 0.81 nM in Flavobacterium meningosepticum) and specific inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP). JTP-4819 (3 mg/kg p.o.) exhibited a strong and durable ex vivo inhibitory effect on PEP in various regions of the rat brain. In addition, JTP-4819 inhibited the degradation of substance P, arginine-vasopressin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, oxytocin, bradykinin, and angiotensin II by purified PEP with IC50 values of 9.6, 13.9, 10.7, 14.0, 4.5, 7.6 and 10.6 nM, respectively. In the one-trial passive avoidance test in rats with scopolamine-induced amnesia, JTP-4819 significantly prolonged the retention time when administered orally at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg 1 hr before acquisition or at 3 and 10 mg/kg 1 hr before retention. In addition, coadministration of JTP-4819 and substance P, arginine-vasopressin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (at doses at which each drug alone did not prolong the retention time) improved the retention time of rats with scopolamine-induced amnesia. Microdialysis studies demonstrated that JTP-4819 caused a significant increase in ACh release in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of young rats at oral doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg, as well as in both brain regions of aged rats at a dose of 3 mg/kg. These results indicate that JTP-4819 potentiates neuropeptide functions inhibiting PEP, that it activates cholinergic transmission and that it enhances learning and memory.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1995

[Meningitis after myelography].

Lumbar myelography is still frequently used in cases of suspected lumbar radiculopathy. Since 1984, iohexol has been the contrast medium of choice in myelography, and so far only a few cases of chemical meningitis have been reported. Bacterial meningitis cannot be distinguished from chemical meningitis on the basis of clinical findings. A cerebrospinal fluid Gram stain and culture are the only truly reliable tests in deciding the etiology of the meningitis. We describe two patients who developed meningitis following myelography with iohexol. In one of the patients, the cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive with subsequent identification of Flavobacterium meningosepticum, a species not previously reported as an infectious agent in meningitis after myelography.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Septicemia occurring after colonoscopic polypectomy in a splenectomized patient taking corticosteroids.

Although a transient bacteremia may occur in approximately 4% of patients after colonoscopic procedures, clinically significant bacteremia or endocarditis is exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, the case we describe herein is the first reported case of septicemia due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Escherichia coli after colonoscopic polypectomy. Our patient was probably immunocompromised and, therefore, predisposed to bacteremia after the procedure, because she was asplenic, diabetic, and receiving long-term steroid therapy for her chronic autoimmune disorders. Several recent reports have suggested that immunocompromised patients are more likely to develop septicemia after endoscopic procedures.

Bacteremia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Microflora of active ooze participating in the decomposition of sulfanilic acid].

Microflora of domestic water can be a source of active ooze adapted to sulphanilic acid. Adaptation of the microflora to sulphanilic acid at a concentration of 170-200 mg/l takes 6 to 8 days. The microflora of active ooze, immediately after adaptation, consists mainly of Pseudomonas species, Ps. denitrificans, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. striata, Ps. putida, etc., and also of Achromobacter stutzeri, Achromobacter flavum, Mycobacterium phlei, Mycobacterium mucosum, Bacillus mesentericus, Bac. cereus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Rhodotorula glutinus. The number of the species decreased as a result of long cultivation of active ooze on a minimal medium with sulphanilic acid as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen; the following strains prevailed: Ps. putida, Ps. eisenbergii, strains of Mycobacterium phlei and Flavobacterium solare. The isolated strains of Ps. putida and Ps. eisenbergii decomposed sulphanilic acid by 60.0--79.5 percent, and together with Mycobacterium phlei by 100 percent during 4 to 7 days. The ability to oxidize sulphanilic acid decreased after storage. Addition to the medium of other sources of carbon, nitrogen and vitamins did not restore the lost ability of the microorganisms to decompose sulphanilic acid.

Alcaligenes↗

PubMed1978

The effect of cyclohexane derivatives on selection of bacterial groups forming activated sludge microflora.

The effect of cyclohexanol, cyclohekxanon and cyclohexylamine on the selection of bacteria in a model population composed of bacteria isolated from activated sludge was examined. The initial population consisted of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The latter, which accounted for 90-97% of the population, belonged mainly to three Pseudomonas groups and the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio-Aeromonas, Achromobacter-Alcaligenes and Flavobacterium groups. Seven day growth in medium containing cyclohexane derivatives caused pronounced qualitative changes in the population. The compounds favored the development of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and inhibited the growth of all other gram-negative bacteria. The direction of selection was independent of the type of cyclohexane derivative.

Alcaligenes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Infrared spectra of extreme and obligate thermophilic bacteria of the genus Thermus].

A recording double-beam spectrophotometer UR-10 was used to obtain IR spectra of the extreme thermophilic non-sporeforming bacterium Thermus flavus, the obligate thermophilic non-sporeforming bacterium Thermus ruber, the thermotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas thermophilus, the sporeforming bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, and the mesophilic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ps. denitrificans, Flavobacterium breve, Flavobact. arborescens. No significant differences have been found in the IR spectra of these bacteria.

Flavobacterium↗

PubMed1976

Sources of the slow-growing pigmented water bacteria.

The group of organisms often labelled as "slow-growing pigmented water bacteria" may include various species of the Xanthomonas, Cytophoga, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Flavobacterium genera. Due to their slow growth, this group is usually overlooked in the average clinical laboratory since the pigmented colonies are most easily noted on membrane filter pads or on surface streaked agar plates, but only after 5-15 days of incubation at room temperature. Although present at low levels in free-flowing domestic water supplies (less than 1 per ml), they can be easily isolated by swabbing sink faucets, drinking fountain heads, surgical scrub sink heads and aerators, dental chair spray units, and from the air water interface in humidifiers, nebulizers, water baths, and reservoirs where the water may remain static for weeks. Although not considered primary pathogens, several strains have been implicated in infections in nurseries and among patients in intensive care units. Contamination control in critical research and patient care areas demands scrupulous sanitation practices, regular cleaning and decontamination of all equipment, and the use of bacteria-free water whenever possible.

Bacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of bacteriophages of methane oxidizing bacteria and study of their properties].

Five strains of bacteriophages were isolated for the first time in the USSR from the water of ponds, the paste of methane oxidizing bacteria and the cultural broth of the experimental plant. The strains are specific of the following species: Methylostinus sporium, Methylosinus trichosporium, and Flavobacterium gasotypicum. Bacteriophages lysing Methylocystis impression. Methylomonas agile and Methylococcus capsulatus were not isolated so far. The fine structure of the phages, the shape of negative colonies, the spectrum of lytic activity, and serological properties were studied. The phages can be subdivided into two groups according to the morphology of virions, the shape of negative colonies and serological properties, or into three groups according to the spectrum of lytic activity.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1993

Phosphorylation and reaction intermediates of the prokaryotic Ca(2+)-ATPase.

A P-type Ca(2+)-ATPase activity has been identified previously in membranes of the Gram-negative bacteria Flavobacterium odoratum. The reaction mechanism of the prokaryotic Ca(2+)-ATPase was examined by isolation of reaction cycle intermediates formed during reversal of the normal cycle using inorganic P(i). The eukaryotic ATPase can be directly phosphorylated by P(i) only in the absence of calcium, and half-maximal inhibition is observed at 1-2 microM calcium. The F. odoratum Ca(2+)-ATPase is also phosphorylated by P(i) in the absence of calcium, but in contrast to the eukaryotic pump, a 30-35-fold increase in phosphoenzyme (E-P) formation is observed when the enzyme is preincubated in millimolar calcium. Furthermore, the half-maximal activation of E-P formation is observed at approximately 100 microM calcium, similar to the value for low-affinity calcium binding in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. The data suggest that the prokaryotic Ca(2+)-ATPase forward reaction is ordered and that the prokaryotic enzyme does not appear to bind calcium at the high-affinity site until ATP binds. Thus, calcium does not inhibit phosphoenzyme formation by P(i) because the high-affinity Ca2+ binding site is not exposed on the free enzyme (E1).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗