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PubMed1975

A preliminary assessment of the source of oestrogen within the ovary of the domestic fowl Gallus domesticus.

Oestradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood draining individual preovulatory follicles and in different ovarian tissues of the hen. The concentration of oestradiol in blood from follicles 20 to 50 hr before ovulation ranged from 66 to 264 pg/ml and was less than that in peripheral blood collected concurrently, suggesting a net uptake rather than secretion of oestradiol by the follicle at these times. In one bird approximately 6 hr before ovulation, the highest content of oestradiol in tissue (35 ng) was in the small (less than 5 mm) follicles and ovarian stroma; this represented 87.5% of the total ovarian content. Only 0.86 to 1.02 ng oestradiol (2.0 to 2.5) was found in the large preovulatory follicles and 2.22 ng (5.5%) in the postovulatory follicles. High concentrations of oestradiol (2.4 ng/g) were also found in the liver. These results suggest that the small follicles and/or ovarian stroma are the main site of oestradiol production in the fowl; they do not exclude the possibility that oestradiol is secreted at a high rate by the mature follicle for a short period immediately before ovulation, thus influencing the release of LH.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of dietary caffeine on the testis of the domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus.

Roosters were fed 0-1% caffeine mixed by weight into a standard ration. With continued dietary caffeine administration, the average fertility of eggs collected for 2 weeks from untreated pullets inseminated with semen from the treated males at 0, 7 and 14 days after the start of treatment was 30-8, 33-5 and 3-3%, respectively. After 14 days of treatment fertility was significantly lower (P less than 0-001) than before (0 days) or 7 days after treatment. Semen output and sperm concentration were markedly reduced 17-21 days after treatment, and no semen could be collected from the roosters after they had received caffeine for 30 days. Removal of dietary caffeine resulted in resumption of semen production and a return of fertility to the control level. Testicular histology showed that spermatocyte divisions ceased and spermiogenesis was abnormal, although Leydig tissue and the response of the males to massage for semen collection was not affected. The effects on spermatogenesis and fertility were reversible after treatment for 30 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Role of the granulosa cells of the postovulatory follicle of the domestic fowl in oviposition.

Surgical removal of the granulosa cells, leaving the remainder of the postovulatory follicle (POF) intact (including the thecal interstitial cells), resulted in delays of oviposition of about 19 h; similar delays were obtained when the granulosa was left in situ but was damaged by the insertion of a silicone disc into the POF. The insertion of wax balls resulted in delays of 3-4 h but the granulosa appeared to be normal. It is concluded that the integrity of the granulosa is important for normal oviposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Steroid hormones in the postovulatory follicle of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

Progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol were measured in the postovulatory follicle (POF) at various times up to 52 h after ovulation. The 3-fold decrease in progesterone, the major constituent, which occurred over the first 15--20 h resembled the changes previously described for the enzyme, 3beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase. At 1 h before ovulation the granulosa cells of the anteovulatory follicle (AOF) contained 50 times more progesterone than the POF granulosa fraction collected 2--3 h later. The thecal portion of the AOF had progesterone concentrations 5 times those of the POF theca, but the latter contained higher concentrations of androstenedione and oestrone.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Activity of ovarian delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) with respect to age.

The distribution of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was examined in the ovaries of hens aged 8--30 weeks. At all ages the interstitial cells (both thecal and stromal) gave a positive formazan reaction, but a positive reaction was not obtained in the granulosa cells of follicles less than 5 mm diameter in mature or immature birds. Since activity was restricted to follicles of larger size than this, it is concluded that steroidogenesis occurs in the granulosa cells for only the last 7--8 days of their life in the preovulatory follicle.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1980

Effect of ovine LH on the progesterone content of the granulosa cells in preovulatory follicles of the domestic fowl (Gallus Domesticus).

Laying hens were injected i.v. with a single dose of ovine LH (100 microgram) 6-8 hr after a known ovulation, i.e. when plasma LH concentrations are low. Groups of 4 birds were killed at 15 min intervals up to 1 h after injection and the complete granulosa was obtained from 4 or 5 of the largest preovulatory follicles of each bird for progesterone measurement by g.l.c. Compared with the saline-injected controls which had negligible levels of progesterone, granulosa progesterone increased in all the LH-treated birds. The maximum response (mean progesterone content 1966 ng/follicle) occurred 45 min after injection but there was a significant decline by 60 min. It is concluded that the granulosa cells provide most of the preovulatory plasma progesterone increase.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Morphological signs of merocrine secretion in the modified Sertoli cells of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

Testes of sexually mature White Leghorn cockerels were fixed by vascular perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Ultrastructural characteristics of the modified Sertoli cells typical of secretory activity included a large Golgi apparatus with dilated saccules, many smooth and coated vesicles, profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and dense granules surrounded by membranes in the Golgi area and in the basal and apical cytoplasm. Finely granulated dense bodies and some pinocytotic invaginations from the basal and lateral plasma membranes were also observed.

Animals↗