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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Hypertension: setting new goals for lower readings.

Mean systolic blood pressures increase and mean diastolic pressures decrease with aging, primarily in response to the stiffening of blood vessels. These trends are related to the interplay of genetic factors that control renal, vascular, and hormonal functions. The prevalence of hypertension and the rate of blood pressure control vary among population groups; only one-fourth (24%) of all Americans with hypertension are controlled. Some persistent myths about hypertension may interfere with its diagnosis and treatment. Other barriers to control appear to be the side effects and cost of medications. Control rates improve when physicians increase their emphasis on patient education.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Antioxidants are useful in preventing cardiovascular disease: a debate. Con antioxidants.

There is no doubt that antioxidants and other micronutrients, taken in their proper form in vegetables and fruits, confer a number of overall health benefits. However, routine antioxidant supplementation is neither warranted nor recommended. This view is in keeping with those of both the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. While much of the experimental animal data suggest that antioxidants would be of value in human subjects, a very large body of human clinical data do not bear this out. On the contrary, while some clinical benefits have been observed, routine antioxidant supplementation has been associated with a small increase in major adverse outcomes. Unlike the trials conducted with cholesterol-lowering agents, beta-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid, the results of trials conducted with antioxidants are inconsistent at best.

American Heart Association↗
PubMed1999

Preparing for 2000.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chronology as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Some adverse effects of antipsychotics: prevention and treatment.

Antipsychotic medication causes a wide range of adverse effects, which can be serious and may further imperil both the physical and psychological health of schizophrenic patients. The range of side effects patients commonly encounter includes weight gain, endocrine disturbances, sedation, anticholinergic effects, hypotension, seizures, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Less common and unpredictable reactions are blood dyscrasias, cardiotoxicity, sudden death, and the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotic drugs differ significantly regarding their propensity to cause these reactions. Patients should undergo comprehensive health checks before an antipsychotic is prescribed, and drug therapy should be individualized to take account of any preexisting symptoms. Side effects and the wider implications of drug treatment, such as effects on occupational and social functioning, should be discussed with the patient before initiating therapy. Patients should be regularly monitored for side effects during treatment and switched to alternative therapy if side effects are serious and/or persistent.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Radiography of the lumbosacral spine--do the referrals conform to clinical recommendations?].

The aim of this study was to evaluate how referrals from Norwegian general practitioners for plain radiography of the lumbosacral spine conform to clinical recommendations. The clinical information given in 274 referral letters was compared with Norwegian and British recommendations. We also interviewed 99 of the patients about symptoms and prior radiographs, and performed a new comparison using all available information. Only 27% (43%) of the 274 referrals conformed to the Norwegian (British) recommendations, 36% (41%) did not conform, and 37% (16%) were considered uncertain, mainly because of lack of pertinent information in the referral letters. Of 143 referrals which were in disagreement with the Norwegian and/or the British recommendations, only four resulted in "important" findings (osteoporotic fractures in two patients, uncertain sacroiliac joint arthritis in one patient, and probably benign bony sclerosis in one patient). In the interview group, the proportion of non-conforming referrals decreased from 40% (47%) to 31% (29%) when the additional clinical information was considered. Nevertheless, we conclude that a substantial proportion of referrals for plain radiography of the lumbosacral spine do not conform to clinical recommendations. Referrals outside the advised criteria yield few relevant findings and could probably be cancelled.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A high degree of accuracy is possible in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Laboratory tests, ultrasonography and computerized tomography are of great value].

Although acute appendicitis is often difficult to diagnose and negative laparotomy rates of 25 per cent are common, several options are currently available for the preoperative work-up. Careful history taking and physical examination are essential, together with analysis of inflammatory variables (C-reactive protein and white cell count). After admission, additional help is available in the form of ultrasonography and computerised tomography (CT), ultrasonography apparently being best in slender and normal weight patients (body mass indices < 25) and CT in overweight patients. The article reports how, without using invasive laparoscopy, a negative laparotomy rate of 7.2 per cent (11% in women and 4% in men) was obtained in 1998 at a hospital serving a population of 330,000.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1999

Assessment and management of concussion in sports.

The most common head injury in sports is concussion. Athletes who sustain a prolonged loss of consciousness should be transported immediately to a hospital for further evaluation. Assessment of less severe injuries should include a thorough neurologic examination. The duration of symptoms and the presence or absence of post-traumatic amnesia and loss of consciousness should be noted. To avoid premature return to play, a good understanding of the possible hazards is important. Potential hazards of premature return to play include the possibility of death from second-impact syndrome, permanent neurologic impairment from cumulative trauma, and the postconcussion syndrome.

Brain Concussion↗