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PubMed2026

Evaluating a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score for Handgrip Strength and Its Interplay with Leisure-Time Physical Activity Across the IGEMS Twin Cohorts.

PURPOSE: Polygenic scores (PGSs) may help assess genetic predisposition to multifactorial traits. We examined whether age, sex, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modify the association between a PGS for handgrip strength (HGS) and measured HGS in older adults. METHODS: PGS for HGS (PGS hgs) , based on Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association study data, was calculated for 5103 participants (aged 40-96; 44% women) from eight twin cohorts in Denmark, Sweden, Australia, the United States, and Finland within the IGEMS consortium. Sex-standardized HGS and self-reported LTPA were assessed cross-sectionally. Linear mixed models estimated associations between PGS hgs and HGS, including interactions with age, country, and LTPA, as well as an association between PGS hgs and LTPA. Fixed-effect within-pair models were conducted to assess environmental contributions. RESULTS: Higher PGS hgs was associated with greater HGS (β = 2.14, SE = 0.15, P < 0.001), explaining 4.6% of HGS variance overall, with modest variation across countries. In sex-stratified models, PGS hgs explained 5.2% of the variance in females and 4.3% in males. No statistically significant interaction with age was found. A significant PGS hgs × LTPA interaction (β = -0.034, P = 0.013) indicated that the association between LTPA and HGS was more pronounced among individuals with lower PGS hgs . The within-pair models offered limited support for the independent environmental impact of LTPA. CONCLUSIONS: The PGS hgs was associated with measured HGS in the meta-analysis, highlighting the potential of PGSs to capture individual differences in strength-related traits across populations. The association of PGS hgs with HGS was moderated by LTPA, such that the beneficial impact of LTPA on HGS was greater among individuals with a lower genetic propensity for HGS.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Three cast techniques for the treatment of extra-articular metacarpal fractures. Comparison of short-term outcomes and final fracture alignments.

BACKGROUND: Most extra-articular metacarpal fractures can be managed nonoperatively. While the conventional wisdom is that the metacarpophalangeal joint should be immobilized in a position of flexion, alternative methods for cast immobilization have been described. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate three methods of closed treatment; specifically, we investigated whether the position of immobilization of the metacarpophalangeal joint or the absence of a range of motion of the interphalangeal joints affected the short-term outcome or fracture alignment. METHODS: Between November 2000 and April 2004, extra-articular metacarpal fractures were immobilized for five weeks in one of three ways: with the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion and full interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 1); with the metacarpophalangeal joints in extension and full interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 2); and with the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion, the interphalangeal joints in extension, and no interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 3). Radiographs and the range of motion were evaluated at five weeks after application of the cast, and the range of motion and grip strength were assessed at nine weeks. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. At five weeks, there was no difference among the treatment methods with regard to the range of motion or the maintenance of fracture reduction. At nine weeks, there was no significant difference with regard to the range of motion or grip strength. CONCLUSIONS: When immobilization was discontinued by five weeks, the position of the metacarpophalangeal joints and the absence or presence of interphalangeal joint motion during the immobilization had little effect on motion, grip strength, or fracture alignment. This finding contradicts the conventional teaching that the metacarpophalangeal joint must be immobilized in flexion to prevent long-term loss of joint extension. Patient comfort, ease of application, and the surgeon's familiarity with the technique should influence the choice of immobilization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Gross motor skills and hand grip in the elderly: a pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the possibility that a relationship exists between a lifetime of gross motor activity in the elderly and their current status of gross motor skills and gross hand grip strength. Ten elderly adults performed a series of six gross motor tests and answered a survey concerning their lifetime pattern of gross motor activities as determined by occupational performance components. Significant correlations were found between both the survey and the California Standing Balance Eyes Closed test and the survey and a nonstandardized cocontraction test. No significant relationships were found between the survey and the other tests used.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Agee endoscopic decompression of the median nerve: prospective study with comparison to open decompression].

This prospective randomized study consists of 45 patients, i.e., 33 women and 12 men with an average age of 52.7 years. The following parameters were evaluated: rate of complications, recovery of pinch and strength of grip, radiological widening of the transverse carpal arch, postoperative morbidity, particularly the time of return to work, and to activities of daily living. Compared with open decompression, the group of endoscopic decompression needs significantly less time to get back to work (one third; p = 0.003). This seems to be related to a significantly faster restoration of strength of grip (p = 0.f12) after endoscopic decompression of the median nerve. Pinch grip improves faster in the group of endoscopic decompression as well, however, not significantly, compared with open decompression. No significant difference between the two techniques has been detected in the radiological widening of the transverse carpal arch.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Relationship between falls and physical performance measures among community-dwelling elderly women in Japan.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between falls and physical performance has focused on the frail elderly who have several health problems, particularly those in nursing homes or care facilities. It is important to clarify the relationship between falls and physical performance among the community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: We examined the relationship between falls and physical performance measures (grip strength, chair stand time, functional reach, usual walking speed) among 402 community-dwelling Japanese elderly women aged 60 years and over. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of falls was 21.1%, and increased with age. In univariate analysis, grip strength and functional reach were not significantly different between women who did and did not fall. Chair stand time of women who fell was longer than that of women who did not (p = 0.05), and the usual walking speed of women who fell was significantly slower than that of women who did not fall (p < 0.0001). Physical functioning significantly decreased with age; grip strength, functional reach and usual walking speed decreased, and chair stand time increased. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and other covariates, showed that slower usual walking speed was significantly associated with falls, but grip strength and functional reach were not. Increased chair stand time had a borderline association (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that poor lower extremity function, especially walking ability, is an important risk factor for falls in elderly Japanese community-dwelling women.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed2005

Arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex debridement using radiofrequency probes.

The initial results of using radiofrequency probes for debridement of a torn triangular fibrocartilage complex were studied in 20 patients with a mean age of 44 (range 27-56) years presenting with ulnar-sided wrist pain. On arthroscopic examination, 18 central and two radial triangular fibrocartilage complex tears were identified and debrided to a stable rim using radiofrequency probes. The mean follow-up was 22 (range 9-35) months. Seventeen patients experienced substantial pain relief. In three, the pain was unchanged. The mean flexion extension arc was 132 degrees , pronosupination arc 155 degrees and mean grip strength was 83% of that of the unaffected side. Using the modified Mayo wrist score, there were ten excellent, seven good and three fair results. No perioperative complications occurred. Radiofrequency probes were found to be safe and effective for use in triangular fibrocartilage complex debridement. These results compare favourably with other standard methods of treatment of this problem.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Insulin-like growth factor-2 genotype, fat-free mass, and muscle performance across the adult life span.

The influence of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) genotype on total body fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength, and sustained power (SP) was evaluated repeatedly at approximately 2-yr intervals in two cohorts from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Cohort 1 was comprised of 94 men tested for isometric grip strength and SP. Cohort 2 was comprised of 246 men and 239 women tested for total body FFM and isokinetic peak torque. Subjects were retrospectively genotyped for the IGF2 gene's ApaI polymorphism. Differences between genotype groups for total FFM, strength, and SP at first visit, at peak age (35 yr), at age 65, and across the adult age span were analyzed using either two-sample t-tests or mixed-effects models, depending on the specific comparisons made. Isokinetic arm strength at the time of first visit was lower in A/A men than in G/G men (P < 0.05). Compared with G/G women, A/A women had lower total body FFM, lower isokinetic arm and leg strength at the time of first visit, and lower values at age 35 (all P < 0.05) for these muscle phenotypes. Furthermore, this difference between the genotype groups was maintained at age 65 and across the adult age span (P < 0.05). No genotype-associated differences in rates of loss of grip strength or SP were found in cohort 1. These results from cohort 2 support the hypothesis that variation within a gene known to influence developing muscle affects muscle mass and muscle function in later life.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses motor impairment in 16-17 month old rats.

Aging is accompanied with declines in motoric function which may be the result of deficits in central nervous system dopaminergic function. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to have neuroprotective and restorative effects on dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in young rats. In this study, 10, 40, or 60 micrograms GDNF or vehicle was injected intrastriatally in 16-17 month old Fischer 344 rats. Coordination and muscle strength as determined by performance on an inclined balance beam and a wire grip strength test were monitored for up to 5 weeks post-injection. GDNF elicited dose-dependent improvements in motor coordination without concurrent increases in strength. The highest dose tested produced > 79% improvement in motor coordination, resulting in performance scores approaching those achieved by 3 month old rats tested concurrently. These findings indicate GDNF produces profound improvement in the motoric function of mature rats, which may be related to dopaminergic circuits.

Aging↗

PubMed1996

Mechanical properties of various circumferential tendon suture techniques.

We evaluated the mechanical properties of six different circumferential tendon sutures with a variable number of suture strands. Seventy-two human cadaver flexor profundus tendons were cut and repaired using only a 6/0 polypropylene circumferential suture. The six running suture techniques were: Simple; Simple-locking; Lembert; Halsted; Cross-stitch; Lin-locking; using 10, 14 and 18 suture passes. The increased suture passes increased both tensile and gap strengths. The tensile strength of the Lin-locking technique (29 to 63 N) was significantly stronger than the others, followed by Cross-stitch (27 to 38 N), Halsted (21 to 27N), Lembert (20 to 27N), Simple (11 to 22 N) and Simple-locking (10 to 17 N). The gap strength values were between 3 to 14N, with no significant differences between the techniques. The resistance to gliding, as measured by work of flexion, was not affected by the number of strands. However, the Lin-locking significantly increased the resistance to gliding (33-36%) compared to the other techniques (6-21%); there were no significant differences between these five techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of growth hormone treatment in elderly patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: anabolic effect and functional improvement.

Elderly patients with end-stage renal disease often have protein and/or caloric malnutrition that severely affects general well-being and mortality. Uremia is associated with resistance to the action of growth hormone (GH). This resistance could be of clinical importance in elderly dialysis patients. In the present study, the effects of GH treatment were assessed in elderly patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Twenty hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 71.7 years (range, 53 to 92 years) were included on a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of GH treatment. The dose of GH was 66.7 microgram/kg, administered subcutaneously three times weekly immediately after each dialysis session. Body composition was measured using total-body potassium levels, computed tomography of the lower leg, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum albumin concentrations and handgrip strength were also measured. GH treatment increased the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 ratio, fat-free mass, and the serum concentration of albumin compared with placebo. The number of patients with serum albumin levels less than 40 g/L was reduced by a factor of three in the GH-treated group. Handgrip strength increased in response to GH treatment compared with placebo. Six months of GH treatment in elderly hemodialysis patients produced anabolic effects, with improved muscle performance. Also, the number of patients with low albumin levels was markedly reduced, indicating improved nutritional status and/or attenuated catabolism. These are all important beneficial effects for individual patient outcomes.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure for osteoarthritis of the distal radioulnar joint.

The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure has been performed in 15 patients with primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the distal radioulnar joint. The average age of the patients was 45 years (range, 31-63 years). There were 12 men and 3 women. The follow-up period averaged 2 years and 11 months. Postoperative pain relief was good in all wrists. The preoperative range of motion of the wrist joint averaged 50 degrees extension and 44 degrees flexion. Forearm motion averaged 66 degrees pronation and 64 degrees supination. Postoperatively, the range of motion improved to 55 degrees extension and 51 degrees flexion at the wrist and forearm motion improved to 78 degrees pronation and 82 degrees supination. Although all wrists also showed an increased grip strength and improved range of motion over preoperative values, these did not have statistical significance. Postoperative x-ray evaluation showed an unstable proximal stump and radioulnar convergence in 12 wrists. Our clinical and x-ray film findings suggest that the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure is a satisfactory procedure for patients with osteoarthritis of the distal radioulnar joint.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term consequences of developmental exposure to aluminum in a suboptimal diet for growth and behavior of Swiss Webster mice.

Swiss Webster mice received diets containing 7 (control), 100, 500, or 1000 microg aluminum (Al)/g throughout development (conception to 35 days of age) and were tested behaviorally as adults (>90 days of age). The basal diet contained the same percent of recommended dietary amounts of phosphate, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc as young women usually consume. These "realistic" dietary conditions led to 12--15% growth retardation in the Al1000 group at the time of testing. Females were evaluated in a cognitive task (Morris water maze) at 3 months of age and males were evaluated in a motor test battery at 5 months of age. Al1000 females (n=16) were slower than controls in learning the Morris maze, as suggested by fewer mice with low latencies during the first three sessions of the four-session learning series. Influences of Al on cue utilization were also found in probe sessions eliminating salient or nonsalient cues. With motor testing, the Al1000 males (n=20) had significantly lower hindlimb grip strength than controls, an effect that was eliminated by covariance analysis with body weight. Subtle influences of Al on rotarod and wire suspension tests were also noted. The data suggest that developmental Al exposure under normal, but less than optimal, dietary conditions can lead to subtle but long-term effects on growth and brain function in adulthood.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1999

Increased postwar symptoms and psychological morbidity among U.S. Navy Gulf War veterans.

To investigate reports on war-related morbidity, 527 active-duty Gulf War veterans and 970 nondeployed veterans from 14 Seabee commands were studied in 1994 with a questionnaire, sera collection, handgrip strength, and pulmonary function testing. The questionnaire assessed postwar symptoms, war exposures, and screened for chronic fatigue syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and psychological symptoms suggesting neurosis (Hopkins Symptom Checklist). Sera were tested with four nonspecific reactant assays: C-reactive protein, transferrin, ferritin, and haptoglobin. Gulf War veterans reported a higher prevalence for 35 of 41 symptoms, scored higher on psychological symptom scales, were more likely to screen for post-traumatic stress disorder, had lower handgrip strength, and had higher serum ferritin assay results. Numerous comparisons of these morbidity outcomes with 30 self-reported exposures demonstrated many associations, but no unique exposure or group of exposures were implicated. Morbidity data are consistent with other postwar observations, but the etiology for morbidity findings remains uncertain.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation increases strength and fat-free mass (FFM) in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DD). METHODS: Thirty boys with DD (50% were taking corticosteroids) completed a double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial with 4 months of CrM (about 0.10 g/kg/day), 6-week wash-out, and 4 months of placebo. Measurements were completed of pulmonary function, compound manual muscle and handgrip strength, functional tasks, activity of daily living, body composition, serum creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and creatinine, urinary markers of myofibrillar protein breakdown (3-methylhistidine), DNA oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine [8-OH-2-dG]), and bone degradation (N-telopeptides). RESULTS: During the CrM treatment phase, there was an increase in handgrip strength in the dominant hand and FFM (p < 0.05), with a trend toward a loss of global muscle strength (p = 0.056) only for the placebo phase, with no improvements in functional tasks or activities of daily living. Corticosteroid use, but not CrM treatment, was associated with a lower 8-OH-2-dG/creatinine (p < 0.05), and CrM treatment was associated with a reduction in N-telopeptides (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Four months of CrM supplementation led to increases in FFM and handgrip strength in the dominant hand and a reduction in a marker of bone breakdown and was well tolerated in children with DD.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗

PubMed2005

Virus-delivered small RNA silencing sustains strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Mutations in superoxide dismutase cause a subset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and provoke progressive paralysis when expressed in mice. After retrograde transport to the spinal cord following injection into muscles, an adeno-associated virus carrying a gene that encodes a small interfering RNA was shown to target superoxide dismutase messenger RNA for degradation. The corresponding decrease in mutant superoxide dismutase in spinal motor neurons preserved grip strength. This finding provides proof of principle for the selective reduction of any neuronal protein and supports intramuscular injections of a small interfering RNA-encoding virus as a viable therapy for this type of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗

PubMed2004

Role of across-muscle motor unit synchrony for the coordination of forces.

Evidence from five-digit grasping studies indicates that grip forces exerted by pairs of digits tend to be synchronized. It has been suggested that motor unit synchronization might be a mechanism responsible for constraining the temporal relationships between grip forces. To evaluate this possibility and quantify the effect of motor unit synchrony on force relationships, we used a motor unit model to simulate force produced by two muscles using three physiological levels of motor unit synchrony across the two muscles. In one condition, motor units in the two muscles discharged independently of one another. In the other two conditions, the timing of randomly selected motor unit discharges in one muscle was adjusted to impose low or high levels of synchrony with motor units in the other muscle. Fast Fourier transform analysis was performed to compute the phase differences between forces from 0.5 to 17 Hz. We used circular statistics to assess whether the phase differences at each frequency were randomly or non-randomly distributed (Rayleigh test). The mean phase difference was then computed on the non-random distributions. We found that the number of significant phase-difference distributions increased markedly with increasing synchronization strength from 18% for no synchrony to 65% and 82% for modest and strong synchrony conditions, respectively. Importantly, most of the mean angles clustered at very small phase difference values (approximately 0 to 10 degrees), indicating a strong tendency for forces to be exerted in a synchronous fashion. These results suggest that motor unit synchronization could play a significant functional role in the coordination of grip forces.

Electrophysiology↗

PubMed2004

Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T.

Testosterone (T) therapy in older men with low serum T levels increases lean body mass and decreases fat mass. These changes might improve physical performance and strength; however, it has not been established whether T therapy improves functional outcome in older men. Moreover, concerns exist about the impact of T therapy on the prostate in older men. The administration of finasteride (F), which partially blocks the conversion of T to the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone, attenuates the impact of T replacement on prostate size and prostate-specific antigen. We hypothesized that T replacement in older, hypogonadal men would improve physical function and that the addition of F to this regimen would continue to provide the T-induced improvements in physical performance, strength, and body composition. Seventy men with low serum T (<350 ng/dl), age 65 yr and older, were randomly assigned to receive one of three regimens for 36 months: 1) T enanthate, 200 mg im every 2 wk, with placebo pills daily (T-only); 2) T enanthate, 200 mg every 2 wk, with 5 mg F daily (T + F); or 3) placebo injections and pills (placebo). We obtained serial measurements of timed physical performance, grip strength, lower extremity strength, body composition (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), fasting cholesterol profiles, and hormones. Fifty men completed the 36-month protocol. After 36 months, T therapy significantly improved performance in a timed functional test when compared with baseline and placebo [4.3 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- sem, T-only) and 3.8 +/- 1.0% (T + F) vs. -5.6 +/- 1.9% for placebo (P < 0.002 for both T and T + F vs. placebo)] and increased handgrip strength compared with baseline and placebo (P < 0.05). T therapy increased lean body mass [3.77 +/- 0.55 kg (T-only) and 3.64 +/- 0.56 kg (T + F) vs. -0.21 +/- 0.55 kg for placebo (P < 0.0001)], decreased fat mass, and significantly decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and leptin, without affecting high-density lipoprotein, adiponectin, or fasting insulin levels. These results demonstrate that T therapy in older men with low serum T improves physical performance and strength over 36 months, when administered alone or when combined with F, and suggest that high serum levels of dihydrotestosterone are not essential for these beneficial effects of T in men.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2003

Behavioural and anatomical effects of systemically administered leukemia inhibitory factor in the SOD1(G93A G1H) mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We investigated the anatomical and behavioural effects of daily intraperitoneal injection of 25 microg/kg of LIF in the SOD1(G93A G1H) mouse model of familial ALS. We found some subtle beneficial behavioural changes in LIF treated mice. These included later onset of clinical disease in females as determined by clinical scoring; better grip strength in males; and delayed development of motor impairment in males as determined by the rotarod test. However, we found no significant rescue of motoneurons or prolongation of survival as a result of this systemic dose of LIF in these mice.

Aging↗