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PubMed1981

Health education specialization in Africa: roles in conflict.

This paper presents an assessment of the professional preparation programme offered at the African Regional Health Education Centre (ARHEC), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, where training is provided at the diploma and post-graduate levels. Role conflicts between the two groups of professionals involved have been noted, both during and after training. Diplomates hold expectations that they will be considered in the same light as post-graduate specialists, and are therefore disappointed sometimes when they go back to their professional settings. Master level specialists also experience frustrations in cases where diplomates hold seniority over them. The most successful diploma holders seem to be those who incorporate health education into their basic professional practice, for example nurses using patient education skills. An analysis of the activities and performance of the diploma students during their training also revealed that they tend to view health education in terms of their basic profession and developed projects that integrated both disciplines. This experience has led ARCHEC staff to advocate profession-specific training at the diploma level, so that graduates will have a better vision of their role in the broader picture of health education.

Attitude↗
PubMed1998

The importance of the health education program environment for pregnant and parenting teens.

Teenage Pregnancy is recognized as one of this country's most critical social issues. Each year, one out of ten females aged 15 to 19 becomes pregnant. In addition, there are a number of documented complications and consequences for the pregnant teenagers, their children, families and society. In response a number of health education programs have been developed to meet the myriad needs of this aggregate. Unfortunately, most of this cohort do not participate in these health education programs. This study, a part of a larger study, was conducted to identify the health education program elements most important to attract and sustain the participation of pregnant and parenting teens in a health education program. The sociodemographics of the pregnant and parenting teens were identified and linked to program elements. Since sociodemographics are often the first information known about a target group, linking these demographics to health education program elements has implications for program development and marketing. An exploratory survey methodology was used in this study and data were analyzed by measures of central tendency, dispersion, and analysis of variance to understand better the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and importance of the health education program environment for pregnant and parenting teens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Increasing readers' comprehension of health education brochures: a qualitative study into how professional writers make texts coherent.

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the extent to which health education text writers apply writing principles derived from cognitive psychological theory. Seventeen professional text writers of health education materials participated in a qualitative study, consisting of a rewriting task combined with a think-aloud procedure and a semistructured interview. The verbal data were explored carefully in light of seven text coherence principles that have proven effective in cognitive psychological research to increase text comprehension. Findings indicate text writers vary in their ideas and use of coherence principles to make a text comprehensible. It is argued that the health education profession can benefit greatly from knowledge about cognitive text processing and cognitive coherence principles for realizing effective comprehension of written health education messages.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Influence of health education on community participation in rapid assessment of onchocerciasis prior to distribution of ivermectin.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of health education on community participation in the rapid assessment of onchocerciasis prior to distribution of ivermectin in Nigeria. DESIGN: There was health education with use of pictorial monographs to an adult population and school children in Umulumgbe and Okpatu communities, respectively. The school children in turn transferred the knowledge acquired to their parents through a health club, and a third community (Awhum) had no health education. Randomly selected subjects in each community were then assessed for their ability to recognise clinical manifestations of disease. SETTING: The study took place in three onchocerciasis-endemic, autonomous communities in Udi local government area of Enugu state in eastern Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Fifty, thirty seven, and thirty three male subjects, aged 20 years and above in Umulumgbe, Okpatu and Awhum respectively were involved in the study. RESULTS: 89.3%, 100% and 25.6% of the total number of onchocercal nodules were rightly indicated by the subjects in Umulumgbe, Okpatu and Awhum respectively. 100% of skin depigmentation was also reported in Umulumgbe and Okpatu each, and 50% in Awhum. Although some of the clinical manifestations (onchocercal nodules and skin depigmentation) were wrongly indicated, others (hanging groin and enlarged scrotum) were not reported by the subjects at all. CONCLUSION: This study clearly shows that health education is necessary for control programmes that are meant to be sustainable, especially the WHO-supported community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Theory and the empowerment of health education practitioners.

Both the nature of theory and the way it is taught can overpower health education practitioners. As a consequence, myths which maintain theory and practice in separate realms may develop. This paper argues that to remedy this situation, practitioners must be helped to gain greater control of theory. Specific suggestions for accomplishing this goal are offered in a three-part prescription. First, concepts and teaching methods are introduced to dismantle myths about theory and to help practitioners understand its origins, nature, and functions. Second, health educators are encouraged to acknowledge limitations in theories currently guiding their practice. Third, they are shown ways they can exert leadership in developing theory to fill these gaps and build a more adequate knowledge base for confronting contemporary practice problems. Through this exercise of power, health educators will gain control over theory and expand the boundaries of practice, while also enhancing their professional status.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1978

Health education research-a UK venture.

In recent years health education has striven towards the goal of becoming a research based discipline, and in doing so has borrowed techniques and theoretical frameworks from other, more established sciences. However, a combination of practical constraints and the limitations of borrowed theories have left those involved in health education with much fundamental work on research to be done. The "Better Health" campaign has attempted to deal with many health factors in an integrated way (still a somewhat unusual approach) but to date has adopted a fairly traditional evaluation design. The campaign will be modified in subsequent phases; for example, evening classes for adults are now being piloted and may well form a support network operating in conjunction with mass media work in the future. It is to be hoped that this challenge to evaluation strategies will be taken up and that not only detailed data but fresh thoughts on evaluation will be offered in following papers.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

An approach to teaching for critical thinking in health education.

Teaching for critical thinking represents a vital and emerging priority in school health education. A variety of conceptions of critical thinking and approaches to teaching for critical thinking exist in the literature. This paper explores the relevance of Richard Paul's concept of critical thinking to health education. Paul's work on critical thinking has been widely disseminated and features three inter-related components called the elements of reasoning, intellectual standards, and intellectual traits. Each component appears highly relevant to health education. Paul's approach is also based on natural rather than technical language which improves its utility in learning. Unanswered questions about the approach concern the degree to which the thinking skills and traits can be transferred to health instruction and the lack of evaluation research demonstrating its efficacy. Further inquiry into the applicability and efficacy of the approach is needed.

Health Education↗
PubMed1990

[Results of health education in preputial hygiene of boys].

The education to clean the prepuce is a part of education in cleanliness of the boys and had international succeeded against the general circumcision of newborns. While 15 school years from 1969/70 to 1983/84 we could point out the driving back of the retention of smegma, especially when heavy. To the farther correction the chief educators of health, the parents, must be motivated to teach their boys this cleaning with perfect technic. Physicians and teachers should reinforce this. Near by we must take in consideration that only parents and physicians could inspect the prepuce of boys. Every visible retention of smegma should provoke the education in washing this region. It was proposed anew to admit the inspection of the prepuce of the penis from the third year of life into the standard programme of mass examination in GDR during infancy and youth. It was referred to the danger of the early traumatism of the foreskin by the newborns and the babies and also to the problems of the late education in the hygiene of the prepuce only while and after the puberty. Also in the further life of all men this region should be inspected at every medical examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Health education for homeless populations.

There is little reported in the literature regarding evaluation of health education for homeless populations. In a program for health education of the homeless in shelters, volunteer instructors, including nurses, provided classes on health promotion, prevention, and self-care for homeless clients at 13 urban shelters and treatment sites since 1991. Program evaluation was done through a survey of clients (N = 1,202) attending classes. Based on analysis of evaluation results for 18 months, it was found that 50 volunteer instructors, most of whom were nurses, covered 49 health topics in 176 classes. Clients found the classes helpful and expressed preferences for future topics (e.g., stress and self-esteem). Perceived ability to discuss was related to group size and shelter composition (women only vs. women and men). Survey results provided feedback for program development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Mildly handicapped children in the mainstream--implications for the health educator.

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, PL 94-142, will cause mildly handicapped children to be integrated into mainstream academic classes including health education. Because of the disparate needs of these children, health educators will have to provide for a diverse group of learners. Since it is clear that health education encompasses topics crucial to the overall social and personal development of the handicapped, it is essential that health educators become prepared to maximize learning opportunities for the handicapped child in the mainstream.

Child↗
PubMed1986

The development of culture-specific health education packages to increase case-finding of leprosy in Sarawak.

For any health education to succeed, the people's perception of the disease, their beliefs and cultural practices are of utmost importance as these have tremendous influence on their acceptance of new ideas. It is therefore essential to develop appropriate health education packages based on the understanding of the traditional and socio-cultural belief systems of the people. Thus on the basis of anthropological studies, health education packages were developed for the leprosy control programme in Sarawak, aimed at both adults and children. Newspaper articles, cartoon tape-slides, cartoon story books as well as posters were developed for both Chinese as well as other groups such as Malays, Ibans and Kayans. These were field tested and are now used in the Rejang Valley of Sarawak.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Effectiveness of a perimenopausal health education intervention for mid-life women in northern Taiwan (#MS03-21-LW).

The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to assess the effectiveness of a perimenopausal health education intervention for mid-life women in northern Taiwan. The health education intervention included a health education brochure, one-on-one teaching. One hundred seventy-nine women were in the intervention group and 174 women were in the control group. Education effectiveness was assessed by participants' scores on four questionnaires at the beginning of the study and 3 months after initial recruitment. Both groups of women were compared on changes in their scores on health knowledge, level of perceived uncertainty, health behaviors and perceived perimenopausal disturbances. The intervention group had significantly reduced scores on perimenopausal disturbances (P < 0.005) and reported increase practice of healthy behaviors (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. However, a significant decrease of perceived uncertainty was only found in the subgroup of women recruited from the Chinese medicine clinic of the control group (t = 2.22; d.f. = 58; P < 0.05). Chinese medicine physicians assess patients based on a philosophical approach that treats all symptoms holistically. This may have helped reduce patient uncertainty.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Health education campaign on population control: lessons from Iran.

A descriptive study was carried out in Tehran, the capital of Iran, to investigate a health education campaign on population control. A sample of 68 adults aged 20 to 40 years participated in the study. Each respondent was shown a picture of the campaign. They then filled in a short questionnaire. The main objectives of the study were to measure recall rates and to assess attitude of the subjects. The study results show that recall rates were high (78%), 68% of respondents claimed that the campaign is likely to change their attitudes towards population control, and 87% of participants perceived the main idea of the campaign correctly. The study findings show that there are some significant associations between demographic variables (marital status, having child or not) and perception of the campaign. These may lead health educators and health promoters to communicate more effectively and efficiently in the context of family planning. In countries with a large number of young people, health education campaigns on population control with respect to social values of each society and moral considerations are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spanning the distance and resource gaps in health promotion and health education programs.

Traditionally, health care/health promotion professionals have relied on a face-to-face format for their teaching and are now becoming increasingly involved with new and creative ways to use microcomputers in educational technology. These methodologies have their limitations. Each is limited by the number of participants who can be reached at a given time, the availability of local experts, the existence of the necessary hardware and software, and accessibility due to special characteristics of the audience. These limitations often dictate what presentations health professionals can offer, what media can be used, and which groups will attend. Health care/health promotion professionals must not lose sight of readily available, nontraditional, cost effective methods that serve to enhance high level wellness in a broad and diverse population. The alternative health promotion delivery systems of radio, audioconferencing, and teleconferencing, as discussed in this article, can be used in a variety of settings (school, university, community, and worksite), applied to all levels of health promotion and education (elementary through university education and community/worksite offerings), and can increase awareness of additional methods of communication of health-related information by health professionals.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1979

Assessing the effectiveness of dental health education in the South Australian School Dental Programme.

Approximately 25--30 per cent of operational time in the School Dental Programme is assigned to dental health education, representing a sizeable investment of public resources. If the full potential of dental health education is to be realized, the respective effectiveness of various dental health education activities need to be identified so that the more effective activities can be emphasized and developed further. As an essential prerequisite there is a need to refine the evaluation process by introducing: (1) improved dental indices; (2) improved methods of classifying and maintaining records of the dental health education activities undertaken; (3) better methods of quantifying dental care items and other social and environmental covariables; and (4) more sophisticated forms of multivariate analysis.

Adolescent↗