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PubMedDate not supplied

[Preventive care and health promotion in primary care: comparison between the views of Spanish and European doctors].

OBJECTIVE: Disease prevention and health promotion are important tasks in the daily practice of all general practitioners (GPs). The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of European and Spanish GPs in implementing evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention recommendations in primary care, to describe GPs' perceived barriers to implementing these recommendations, and to assess how GPs' own health behaviors affect their work with their patients. DESIGN: A postal multinational survey was carried out from June 2000 to May 2001. SETTING: A random sample of GPs listed from national colleges of each country. Participants. A total of 2082 GPs from 11 European countries participated in the survey. In Spain a total of 270 GPs participated. RESULTS: Spanish GPs carried out more frequently most of the health promotion or disease prevention activities than the European GPs. Spanish GPs carried out less often those no evidence-based activities. The most important barrier reported was heavy workload/lack of time. Associations between personal health behaviour and attitudes to health promotion or activities in prevention were found. GPs who smoked felt less effective in helping patients to reduce tobacco consumption than non-smoking GPs (39.34% vs 48.18%; P < .01). GPs who exercised felt that they were more effective in helping patients to practice regular physical exercise than sedentary GPs (59.14% vs 49.70%;P < .01). No differences were observed for Spanish GPs. CONCLUSIONS: Significant gaps between GP's knowledge and practices persist in the use of evidence-based recommendations for health promotion and disease prevention in primary care. Spanish GPs carried out more frequently evidence-base recommendations for health promotion and disease prevention by age and sex.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Health promotion needs of children and adolescents in hospitals: a review.

The concept of health promotion for children and adolescents in hospitals is relatively new, and an international working group within the WHO-network of Health Promoting Hospitals, is currently seeking to establish specific guidelines. An exploratory study based on a literature review was performed in order to identify (i) what are the health promotion needs of children and adolescents when they access the hospital either as patients, as visitors, or as members of their community; and (ii) if there are any recommended strategies to empower children and strengthen their life-skills and participation capacity in the hospital, as recommended by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. The results of this literature review are mainly descriptive of current practices and recommendations regarding organizational issues, health-care providers' practice behavior, health-care providers' skills and training, children's education, education of parents and social environment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Dietitians' beliefs about the importance of health promotion practices.

Registered dietitians throughout the state of Delaware (N = 146) were surveyed by mail to assess their beliefs about the importance of health promoting behaviors to the health of the average person. Respondents were instructed to rate each of 25 health promotion practices on a Likert scale. Results were compared with investigations of other health care providers. "Eating a balanced diet" was rated among the top five items. "Taking vitamin supplements" received the lowest mean rating. Results of the present study compared well with the beliefs of pharmacists and physicians. Ratings by other registered dietitians from an earlier study tended to be more conservative. Dietitians are supportive of health promotion and disease prevention. Their current role in health promotion activities needs further investigation.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Physical activity as a component of a health promotion program in the workplace].

In the developed countries targeted physical exercises performed under medical supervisions have become an integral part of health promotion programmes at work places. In Poland this type of activity has been just started. One of the main reasons for that is lack of professional literature and practical experience among occupational physicians. In this work the authors made an attempt to discuss generally organisational principles helpful in efforts to achieve more effective prevention and to promote health. It is somewhat a methodological guide which highlights the goals as well as related directions and tasks to be completed if a programme of physical activity designed by a physician is to be implemented. The authors also stress the role of individual involvement in developing such programmes and the necessity of providing appropriate conditions for voluntary participation in their implementation.

Community Participation↗

PubMed1992

Is dental education in step with current geriatric health promotion initiatives?

As dramatic changes in U.S. society continue to stress our health care system, we must consider new strategies to meet the oral health needs of older individuals. Several recent national initiatives, including the Healthy People 2000 health objectives and the Surgeon General's Workshop on Health Promotion and Aging, provide measurable health objectives and suggestions for educational activities in the area of geriatric oral health promotion. Using these and other recent documents like "Practitioners for 2005, An Agenda for Action for U.S. Health Professional Schools," we can evaluate current educational programs in geriatric dentistry, as well plan programs and health promotional activities that meet the future needs of dental professionals and the patients they serve.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Health promotion research and the diffusion and institutionalization of interventions.

To examine the extent to which health promotion research is providing an empirical basis for the diffusion and institutionalization of effective interventions, we conducted a systematic audit of all articles in 12 public health and health promotion journals for the 1994 calendar year. We identified empirical/non-empirical and health promotion/non-health promotion articles. For each study, the health behaviours or outcomes studied, the target group, gender and setting were categorized. Each study was also categorized as belonging to one of four stages: basic research and development, innovation development, diffusion research, and research into institutionalization or policy implementation. Of all articles coded (n = 1210), 33.9% were identified as non-research, 39.5% were health promotion research and 26.6% were non-health promotion research. The vast majority of studies fell within the basic research and development stage (89.6%), with less than 1% categorized as diffusion research and only 5% as institutionalization or policy implementation research. The published studies reviewed provide a limited empirical basis for diffusion and institutionalization of health promotion programs. These findings suggest a need to more systematically monitor research input (funding) and research output (publications), and to develop a more explicit focus on the relevance of the stages of research innovation and development, the issues and/or behaviours addressed, the target population, and the research setting.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2000

Concepts of mental health--a survey of attendees at a mental health promotion conference.

This survey of attendees at a Mental Health Promotion Conference in Hull, Yorkshire, England in the summer of 1996 was undertaken in part fulfilment of an MSc in Health Promotion. Of the 120 delegates, 99 attended the conference. There were 77 completed questionnaires. The most outstanding result of the survey was the very strong agreement among respondents that sense of self-worth is the most important attribute of being mentally healthy. The respondents were also strongly in favour of enablement strategies but on the whole envisioned these as having primarily an educational rather than a societal focus. About a third of the respondents tended to conceptualise mental health promotion within a clinical framework. The survey demonstrates the need to strengthen concepts of positive mental health and for mental health professionals to identify and work more closely with non-health workers in the promotion of positive mental health.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2003

[Requirements and quality of health promotion in the workplace--evaluation study].

This paper presents the results of an attempt to assess the quality of voluntary activities aimed at improving the workers' health in Polish large and medium-sized enterprises in view of the health promotion requirements. Based on the data collected via a questionnaire mailed to enterprises selected at random in 1998 (147 enterprises), 2000 (755 enterprises) and 2001 (215 enterprises) the determinants of the health promotion quality are discussed. A long standing tradition to protect the workers' health was reported by 50% of enterprises as the major reason for undertaking health promotion activities. Only 25% of enterprises described their activities as health promotion understood as a tool for supporting their market strategy through well coordinated voluntary actions aimed at improving health and well-being of their employees, however, 85% of respondents reported the implementation of various health conducive programs. The most frequent failures of health-oriented activities to be of a required standard are: (a) regarding these activities as those of little importance compared with the enterprise priorities; (b) lack of a special section responsible for health promotion issues in an enterprise; (c) ignoring the employees' right to participate in planning and evaluating health promotion programs, which means that they are perceived as passive service recipients or passive performers of tasks assigned to them; (d) lack of cohesive approach towards health problems and strong belief that all the goals can be achieved through restrictions or education without any support; and (e) reluctance of enterprises to evaluate the organization, implementation and outcomes of health conductive activities. The major obstacle to health promotion is lack of money (reported by 60% of enterprises) and lack of statutory obligations (reported by more than 50% of enterprises). The former is usually reported by enterprises that are not active in this field, and the latter is an obstacle to enterprises that have invested in workplace promotion programs.

Health Plan Implementation↗

PubMed1995

Comprehensive health promotion: opportunities for demonstrating value added to the business.

1. Comprehensive health promotion is any intervention that attempts to move people toward a state of optimal health, including traditional disease prevention efforts. 2. Health promotion programs enhance employees' self responsibility, sense of balance with work, family, health, and social concerns, and ability to take action, all of which improve teamwork, innovation, quality, and creative thinking. 3. The design of a comprehensive health promotion program is directed by health goals or management goals, and based on data obtained by an assessment of all customers. 4. Health care cost reductions are more likely to be achieved when an array of programs are offered.

Comprehensive Health Care↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A review of health-related outcomes of multi-component worksite health promotion programs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to critically review evaluation studies of the health-related effects (i.e., health risk modification and reduction in worker absenteeism) of multicomponent worksite health promotion programs. SEARCH METHOD: A comprehensive literature search conducted under the auspices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified 36 articles that examined health-related outcomes of multi-component programs. The authors identified 11 additional articles through manual searches of recent journal issues and through personal contacts with worksite health promotion researchers. Forty-seven studies describing the results of 35 worksite health promotion programs were reviewed. IMPORTANT FINDINGS: The worksite health promotion programs reviewed for this article varied tremendously in the comprehensiveness, intensity, and duration of the intervention activities. All of the programs provided health education to employees. In a majority of the programs, opportunities to learn and practice new skills were also offered. A smaller number of programs incorporated modifications in organizational policy or the physical work environment. Results from well-conducted randomized trials suggest that providing opportunities for individual risk reduction counseling for high risk employees within the context of comprehensive programming may be the critical component of an effective worksite health promotion program. Just offering low intensity, short duration programs aimed at increasing awareness of health issues for the entire employee population may not be sufficient to achieve desired outcomes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The results of the studies reviewed provide both cautious optimism about the effectiveness of these worksite programs and some general guidance as to the critical components and characteristics of successful programs. Overall, the evidence suggests that a rating of indicative/acceptable may best characterize this literature.

Absenteeism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Wellness: the missing concept in health promotion programming for adults.

Often the concept of wellness is considered to be synonymous with disease prevention and health promotion. It is this author's contention, however, that there are important and discernible difference between these three concepts. Disease prevention is defined as efforts aimed at reducing the occurrence and severity of disease, while wellness is described as attitudes and activities which improve the quality of life and expand the potential for higher levels of functioning. Wellness efforts are not motivated by a desire to avoid disease, but rather by a desire to enhance successful existence. Health promotion is viewed as a combination of disease prevention and wellness efforts. Currently, most programs which label themselves as wellness or health promotion aim solely at the prevention of disease. Thus wellness, while often used semantically as a marketing tool or buzz word, is truly a missing component of many health promotion programs. It is suggested that health educators and other health professionals attempt to incorporate a greater wellness orientation within their health promotion programs by exploring and documenting the wellness benefits of various health promotion objectives. Special attention should be paid to determinants of wellness throughout the lifecycle, as well as to interventions beyond the scope fo individual behavior change.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[A comparative study on health promotion lifestyles between employed and unemployed women].

This comparative survey research was conducted to compare the relationship between health promotion lifestyles, self-esteem, health locus of control and health perception for employed and unemployed women. The sample consisted of 58 employed women and 63 unemployed women residing in Seoul and over 35 years old. The tool used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was revised by the researcher. The tool consisted of 8 items related to demographic characteristics, 47 items on health promotion lifestyle profile, 10 items on self-esteem measurement, 18 items on health locus of control, 21 items on health perception questionnaire. The data collected from the interviews were analyzing using SPSS, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, t-test, x2-test, Pearson's product moment correlation. The result of this study are as follows: 1) The demograpic variables for the two groups were homogenous except for age. 2) No significance differences were found between the two groups on the health promotion lifestyle (t = -.06, p = .954), but there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on 2 subscale (self actualization and nutrition) of the health promotion lifestyle. Comparison of the order of the scores between the two groups for the employed women showed that the highest score was for nutrition, then self actualization, interpersonal support, stress management, health responsibility and exercise in that order. For the unemployed women, the highest score was for nutrition, then interpersonal support, self actualization, stress management, health responsibility and exercise in that order. 3) There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the self-esteem, employed women had lower score on self-esteem than unemployed women (t = -3.37, p = .001). 4) The result of the comparison between the two groups were significantly different for future health status, employed women (mean 3.57) had higher scores than unemployed women (mean 3.25) (t = 2.14, p = .034). 5) Comparison of the order of the scores between the two groups showed that the highest score was for internal health locus of control, but there was a statistically no significant difference. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the external health locus of control (t = -3.90, p = .000).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Implementing a health promotion strategy in occupational therapy education and practice.

In response to the growing emphasis on health promotion, this article addresses four major questions: 1) How is occupational therapy's client-centered philosophy reflected in the principles outlined by the World Health Organization (1984)? 2) What are the roles of occupational therapy in health promotion? 3) How will occupational therapy education foster this development? 4) How will the practice of occupational therapy respond to the challenges and implement the strategies outlined in "Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion"? Despite similarities between occupational therapy's client-centered approach and the health promotion framework, the need for occupational therapy education to reflect the developments in health promotion and prevention is very evident. A four part model is proposed, and the implications for graduate education as well as continuing professional education are outlined. Recommendations for practice, education, research and development are discussed.

Canada↗

PubMed2006

The Behavior-Image Model: a paradigm for integrating prevention and health promotion in brief interventions.

This paper describes the Behavior-Image Model (BIM), an emerging and innovative paradigm for planning brief interventions for adolescents that fuse the prevention of harmful behaviors with the promotion of healthy habits. We discuss the components of the BIM as a new paradigm for creating multiple behavior health interventions, as well as the empirical and conceptual underpinnings of the model, and present Project Sport as an illustration of how the BIM may be applied to construct a brief multi-behavior intervention. The BIM posits that selected salient images of others and ourselves may be used to cast gain- and loss-framed messages coupling and motivating health-promoting and health-risk behaviors within single interventions. This content in turn activates prototypes and future self-images through the processes of social and self-comparison, leading to improvements in risk and protective factors and subsequent change in targeted health-promoting and health-risk behaviors. Recommendations are offered for conducting future research integrating health-risk and health-promoting behaviors in both brief and non-brief interventions for adolescents and adults.

Exercise↗

PubMed2002

Health promotion and lifestyle advice in a general practice: what do patients think?

BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Since 1990 health promotion and lifestyle advice has been integrated in general practice and has been mainly undertaken by practice nurses. However little is known about patients' views of the service provided. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To examine patients' recall and perceptions of lifestyle counselling received from practice nurses in a general practice in the North-east of England. To investigate the extent to which patients' needs are met. To assess the main sources of health information sought by patients. DESIGN/METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive survey. A total of 512 patients were sent a postal questionnaire about current lifestyle, recall of lifestyle advice received and perceptions of the advice provided. FINDINGS: A response rate of 64% was achieved. Questionnaire analysis revealed unhealthy lifestyles among the population studied that could be addressed through health promotion, e.g. 25% were smokers; 44% exercised occasionally; 40% had a body mass index >25 kg/m2. Advice received on diet was reported by 6% of patients; on exercise by 4%; on smoking by 4% and on alcohol consumption by 2%. Patients were willing to receive more health promotion in areas such as stress, exercise and weight reduction. Magazines (67%) and TV (47%) were selected as the main sources for health promotion information. CONCLUSIONS: Health needs to be promoted. The low rate of lifestyle advice reported by the patients implies that more preventive advice should be provided in primary care settings. More effective health promotion should be planned according to the needs of the practice population.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of medical care after a community-based health promotion program: a quasi-experimental study.

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of health promotion on the use of medical care services in a community setting. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, multiple time points, case-comparison group. SETTING: Community health center in Ottawa, Canada. SAMPLE: 520 volunteer participants in a health promotion program and 932 matched comparison subjects. INTERVENTION: The health promotion program consisted of a weekend workshop on health behaviors, lifestyle assessment, and identification of weekly goals for change. This was followed by 18 months of support (5 group sessions, weekly telephone calls, and optional individual sessions). MEASUREMENT: Computerized data on health care use 6 months before, 18 months during, and 6 months after the program were obtained from Ontario's universal Health Insurance Plan (OHIP). These data were used to determine the number and system costs of visits made by participants and comparisons. RESULTS: When controlling for baseline differences through analysis of covariance, program participants were found to have higher costs and more visits for ambulatory care during the first year (p < .01) and second year (p < .05) of follow-up. Participants used significantly more diagnostic services than comparisons during both years of follow-up. Participants were also more likely to use more counseling and psychotherapy services in year 1 (relative risk, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.28, 1.81) and year 2 (relative risk, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.31, 1.89). No differences were found between participant and comparison groups in visits for medical consultations and assessments or preventive services. CONCLUSION: No evidence shows that this health promotion program reduced use in this population over the 2-year follow-up period.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1993

Health promotion practices of pregnant and nonpregnant women.

The purpose of this research was to study the health-promoting practices of pregnant and nonpregnant women and to examine the differences between the two groups. A descriptive correlational design was employed for this study. The Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile was used to measure health-promoting practices in the sample populations. Although there were no significant differences between health-promoting practices of pregnant and nonpregnant women in most areas, pregnant women scored significantly higher on the Nutrition subscale. This research suggests that all women need to increase the number of their health-promoting practices.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The effectiveness of a health promotion program for the low-income elderly in Taipei, Taiwan.

This study assessed the effectiveness of a health promotion program for low-income elderly provided by trained low-income home health aides. Indicators of the effectiveness of this program included improvement in physical health, psychosocial health and functional status, including activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as well as changes in perceived health promotion needs. This evaluation study used a single group pre- and post-test experiment design. After informed consent forms were signed by participants, 89 purposively selected low-income elderly (aged 64-96) completed pre-test structured surveys, while 60 participants (aged 68-96) completed post-test surveys. Post-test scores indicated improved nutritional status (paired t = 2.64, p < .05) and chore management of IADL abilities (paired t = 2.83, p < .01). No significant difference in psychosocial status were found between pre- and post-test scores. Perceived needs for health promotion services decreased after the intervention. The results show that the health promotion services were effective in improving health status and decreasing perceived needs for services among low-income elderly in Taipei. Recommendations based on this study for developing services for the low-income elderly must take health promotion intervention into consideration.

Activities of Daily Living↗