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PubMed1979

The absence of proprioceptive nerve endings in the human periodontal ligament: the role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the reflex control of mastication.

A review of the literature was conducted to determine the presence or absence of proprioceptive nerve endings in the human periodontal ligament. A histologic review of the periodontal ligament innervation concluded that nerve endings found were those mediating pain, pressure, or touch and that there is no histologic evidence of any "classic" proprioceptive nerve ending in the periodontal ligament. A summary is given concerning the precise role of nerve endings in the periodontal membrane, their afferent pathways, and the role of masticatory muscle proprioception, jaw reflexes, and the temporomandibular joint in the coordinated control of mastication and mandibular proprioception.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The rationale for the choice of the method of surgical intervention in patients with mandibular prognathism].

Topographic and anatomic structures of the facial bones and functional disorders related to this structures were examined in patients with prognathism. The obtained data were used to define indications for and rational methods of surgical treatment of the condition. Methods of surgical intervention with transverse, longitudinal, and planar osteotomy of the mandibular branches are suggested with consideration for the form and severity of the disease. Reduced bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles proper and the presence of obstructive ventilatory defect due to impaired patency of the upper respiratory route were detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Hemimasticatory muscle spasm: an electromyogram analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of electromyogram (EMG) in the diagnosis of the patients with hemimasticatory spasm (HMS). METHODS: Four cases with HMS were reported. All the 4 patients were undertaken needle and surface electrode EMG examination. RESULTS: Needle electrode EMG of the 4 patients with HMS showed grouped potentials synchronously with the onset of the spasm, which indicated abnormal excitatory electrical activities of the trigeminal nerve resulting in involuntary masticatory muscle movements. CONCLUSION: It is very important to use EMG for the diagnosis of HMS.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of pericranial tenderness and oral function in patients with common migraine, muscle contraction headache and 'combination headache'.

Oral function was evaluated in a group of 13 patients with muscle contraction headache (MCH), 7 patients with common migraine (CM) and 18 patients with 'combination headache' (CM + MCH) and in a control group of 25 normal persons who had never had a headache. Malocclusion and loss of molars were rare in both groups. Impaired denture function and joint disturbances were more frequent in the headache patients but not significantly so. Clenching and grinding teeth and tongue pressure were all significantly more common in headache patients. Tenderness of pericranial muscles was present in all headache patients with severity increasing in the order CM, MCH, CM + MCH; it was absent in all the controls. On the average 9 tender spots were found per patient. Pressure on tender spots evoked pain in other areas (referred pain) in 29 of 38 headache patients. The abnormal tonic hyperactivity in the masticatory muscles and the neck may be the cause of tenderness which again may be an important source of pain in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Occlusal abnormalities, pericranial muscle and joint tenderness and tooth wear in a group of migraine patients.

Seventy-two migraine sufferers, whose attacks normally begin during or soon after waking from sleep, were compared with 37 age- and sex-matched controls to establish whether signs of mandibular dysfunction, occlusal discrepancies and known clenching or grinding habits were any more frequent among the former group. Temporomandibular joint tenderness or pain history, masticatory muscle tenderness and known clenching or grinding habits were found to occur at significantly increased levels in the migraine sufferers, with two-thirds of these patients reporting a parafunctional habit. Occlusal abnormalities, including non-working side or protrusive interferences and slides of greater than 1 mm to the intercuspal position, were found to occur at similar frequencies in the two groups. Assessment of wear of the occlusal surfaces also showed no difference, suggesting that any nocturnal habit with a role in migraine is more likely to be clenching in nature. In conclusion, evidence was found to support an aetiological role for nocturnal tooth clenching or grinding in migraine characterized by attacks that start predominantly during sleep or soon after waking, but no evidence of a link with occlusal factors was found in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Histological study of the human temporo-mandibular joint and its surrounding muscles.

This is a histological study of the human temporo-mandibular joint and its surrounding muscles. Using a microscopic study of serial sections from anatomical specimens from six subjects, the detailed anatomy of the joint is presented with particular regard to the histology. This study has allowed, in particular, the description of the ligaments and capsule as well as the insertions of the masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid) on this joint. These observations are then compared with the anatomical and histological data already reported on this subject. This study shows that the bulk of the muscular fibres of the lateral pterygoid passes under the foot of the disc is attached over the whole height of the condylar, unite and extend as far as the medial pole of the joint under the insertion of the articular disc. An insertion of the temporo-masseter musculo-tendinous complex on the anterior and lateral capsulo-discal structures was observed. The lateral pterygoid is composed of a succession of tendinous and fleshy fibres. This study confirms the thickening of the lateral capsule that corresponds to a lateral collateral ligament, and the absence of a medial collateral ligament. Medial stability is conferred by the lateral ligament of the contralateral joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Bite force and temporomandibular disorder in juvenile chronic arthritis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the functional condition of the stomatognathic system in children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis, with respect to bite force and temporomandibular disorder in relation to radiographic abnormalities of the mandibular condyle, occlusal factors and systemic disease parameters. Thirty-five children with juvenile chronic arthritis were compared to 89 healthy children with an Angle Class I occlusion and 62 children with an Angle Class II malocclusion. Subjective symptoms and clinical signs of temporomandibular disorder and radiographic mandibular condylar changes were more common in children with juvenile chronic arthritis than in the two comparison groups. Maximal molar and incisal bite forces and maximal molar bite force endurance times were also significantly reduced in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. It is concluded that the differences between the groups are caused mainly by the systemic inflammatory disease itself, but a functional influence of weakened masticatory muscles cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ontogeny of feeding function in the gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica: empirical support for the constrained model of jaw biomechanics.

The constrained model of masticatory function enables specific predictions of bite force potentials in skulls of differing craniodental configurations. In this study, empirical support for the constrained model is provided using maximum voluntary bite force data along Region I and II of the jaws of gray short-tailed opossums Monodelphis domestica. Then, growth series of M. domestica are used to assess how bite force potential changes with growth by evaluating craniodental changes using longitudinal sets of dorsoventral radiographs and by assessing maximal bite force potential at the Region I-II boundary of the jaw in juveniles (aged 70-80 days) and adults. Our findings show that, while juveniles and adults alike enclose at least three molariform teeth within Region II (the area of highest bite force potential along the jaw), age-dependent elongation of the masticatory muscle resultant lever arm and narrowing of the palate relative to jaw length especially enhance the mechanical advantage of the adductor muscle resultant in adults. While maximal bite forces at the Region I-II boundary are absolutely greater in adults, these bite forces scale isometrically with body mass, which suggests that mass-specific forces exerted by jaw adductor muscles of larger (adult) opossums are disproportionately smaller than those exerted by smaller (juvenile) opossums.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral rehabilitation using osseointegrated implants in a patient with idiopathic torsion dystonia.

Idiopathic torsion dystonia is a motor syndrome characterized by dystonic movements and postures in the absence of other neurologic deficits. The condition involves prolonged spasms of muscle contraction that distort the body into typical postures. Such distortions involving the head and the neck make conventional denture use in edentulous patients very difficult. The present paper reports on a patient with idiopathic torsion dystonia who was treated with a mandibular overdenture supported by endosteal implants, which enabled the establishment of a stable occlusion and improved the dynamics of the masticatory muscles for chewing.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1992

Head posture and cervicovertebral and craniofacial morphology in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction.

A relationship between particular characteristics of dental occlusion and craniomandibular disorders (CMD) has been reported, while less attention has been focused on the possible effect of dysfunction of the masticatory system on head posture or cervicovertebral and craniofacial morphology. Natural head position roentgen-cephalograms of 16 young adults with complete dentition taken before and after stomatognathic treatment displayed an extended head posture, smaller size of the uppermost cervical vertebrae, decreased posterior to anterior face height ratio, and a flattened cranial base as compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The lordosis of the cervical spine straightened after stomatognathic treatment. The results are an indication of the close interrelationship between the masticatory muscle system and the muscles supporting the head, and lead to speculation on the principles of treating craniomandibular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effects of food consistency on maxillary growth in rats.

The effect of food consistency on the bone appositional pattern at the growth site in the palatal region of the maxillary complex in growing rats was examined by quantitative analysis employing bone histomorphometry. Sixty inbred male rats aged 14 days in the weaning period were divided into two groups. One group was fed a conventional solid diet in addition to milk, while the other received the same diet but in liquid form in addition to milk, They were weaned at 21 days of age. Vital staining was employed to enable a longitudinal recording of bone apposition. In rats fed a liquid diet, the amount of bone apposition on the occlusal surface of the palate was reduced in the region between between the first molars, but was increased in the region between the third molars, indicating a more anteriorly directed growth rotation of the palate. The width and ossification rate of the synchondrosis of the midpalatal suture was smaller. Furthermore, lateral growth of the maxilla was inhibited considerably in the distal area. In conclusion, this study shows that food consistency affects the bone appositional pattern at the growth site in the palatal region of the maxillary complex. The results also suggest that the difference in the growth pattern in the upper viscerocranium induced by different food consistencies is caused not only by a difference in mechanical force of the masticatory muscles acting on the muscle insertion areas but also by a difference in the growth pattern in the region which receives occlusal loading.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Reproducibility of response to a questionnaire on symptoms of masticatory dysfunction.

The aim of the present investigation was to check the reproducibility of answers to multiple-choice questions used in a questionnaire. The questionnaire was concerned with symptoms in patients with dysfunction of the masticatory system. Five main types of questions were tested by repetition within 1 week by 98 patients. Comparisons were also made between questionnaire data and clinical findings. The interval between the questionnaire and the clinical examination was 1 week. The best reproducibility was found for answers to a question about previous joint radiography, which was the simplest question with the fewest alternatives. The second best was found for a question about the duration of the symptoms referable to the masticatory system. The poorest reproducibility was noted for a question about masticatory muscle pain. The comparison between the questionnaire data and clinical findings showed the best agreement for joint sounds. The reported pain symptoms and palpatory tenderness seem to be different entities.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomography of the masticatory system in rheumatoid arthritis.

The resolution of computed tomography (CT) allows evaluation of hard and soft tissues of the masticatory system. Eleven patients with RA were scanned by CT in direct sagittal and coronal projection because of temporomandibular joint problems. Our results indicate that in addition to bony changes there are changes in the masticatory muscles. These are detectable by CT and may be caused by the RA itself or related to impaired function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparisons of chewing patterns in patients with bridges supported on osseointegrated implants and subjects with natural dentitions.

The masticatory muscle activity during chewing was studied by means of electromyography (EMG) in 13 women treated with bridges supported on osseointegrated implants and compared with that in 10 dentate control subjects. The factors studied were the changes of the maximal mean voltage amplitude and the duration and coordination of activity during chewing of peanuts, bread, and apple when comparing the first three with the last three out of ten randomly selected chewing cycles. Patients with implant-supported bridges chewed with approximately the same muscle activity during the whole chewing sequence, whereas the control subjects had a reduced activity at the end of the chewing act.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Histochemical fibre composition of the human digastric muscle.

The histochemical muscle-fibre composition of the anterior and posterior belly of the human digastric muscle was analysed in young male adults. Both bellies, of differing embryological origin and supplied by different cranial nerves, showed a fibre composition similar to that of normal limb and trunk muscles. Type I, type IIA and type IIB fibres each occupied about one-third of the total fibre population and were evenly distributed in a mosaic pattern. About 1 per cent of fibres were type IIC and ATPase (pH 9.4) intermediate fibres. Thus, there were major differences between the anterior belly of digastric and the likewise trigeminal nerve innervated masticatory muscles with respect to both histochemical profile and size and distribution of various types of fibre. The observations suggest that the fibre pattern of the digastric is not primarily related to its specific nervous supply but its special functional demands. The predominance of type II fibres indicates a capacity for fast acceleration and speed in mandibular movements. The disparity in fibre-type profile between the digastric and the jaw elevator muscles might be related to changing demands during evolution. Civilized diets need no heavy mastication and, while the requirements upon the jaw elevators have thus changed, the functional demands on the jaw openers would have remained unchanged.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1980

[Vivisection studies on the effects of unilateral tooth extraction on growth of the skull and masticatory musculature. I. Overall skull, orbita, zygomatic arch, rear skull (author's transl)].

Skull growth is affected by numerous factors, including dentition. Animal experiments have assumed considerable importance in connection with such studies. This series of publications deals with the response of the skull skeleton and masticatory muscles to extraction of each emerging tooth in the right half of the jaws of Vietnamese belly pigs. The animals were slaughtered at various ages ranging from 6 to 12 months, throughout an important phase of post-natal skull development. Biomathematical methods were used to analyse the macerated skull and the masticatory musculature. Linear differential equations have proved useful for describing growth processes. The 1st report deals with the distances measured for the overall and rear skull, the orbita and the zygomatic arch. Differences between the right and left sides are slight with respect to these distances. Significant differences were found only in the range of the front part of the zygomatic arch during the 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th and 12th month of life.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The validity and predictive value of four assessment instruments for evaluation of the cervical and stomatognathic systems.

Four assessment instruments--a 10-item cervical pain questionnaire, a 10-item TMJ pain questionnaire, the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) instrument, and the Craniomandibular Index--were used to evaluate 25 consecutive patients presenting to a physical therapy clinic for evaluation and treatment of cervical hyperextension-hyperflexion injuries. The assessment tools were tested for internal consistency between the cervical and stomatognathic measures as well as between the two sets of measures. The cervical questionnaire was strongly correlated to the CROM measurements. Tenderness to palpation of the superficial neck muscles was not correlated to the cervical questionnaire nor to measures of cervical flexion-extension or lateral flexion. It was, however, correlated to cervical rotation. The TMJ questionnaire was a useful predictor of muscular tenderness and self-reported symptoms in the stomatognathic system, but it was not related to the intra-articular signs of TMD. The flexion-extension and rotation measures of cervical mobility were useful predictors of masticatory muscle tenderness. These assessment tools are valid indicators of cervical or stomatognathic status and, when used together, provide a comprehensive description of jaw and neck status.

Humans↗