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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Does physical exercise influence bowel transit time in healthy young men?

An examination was performed on 20 healthy men, who had a specific diet, to test the influence of moderate physical activity on bowel transit. During a 3-day pause and a 3-day phase of easy sports activity (jogging), oro-anal transit was measured with the help of radiopaque markers (Hinton method). While the subject was under exertion, the entire weight of stool rose significantly (743 vs. 600 g), whereas we found no significant influence on the oro-anal transit time (39 vs. 48 h) or on stool frequency (1.3 vs. 1.3 per day). Moderate physical activity had no effect on bowel transit time of healthy men under a constant diet. The effect of the so often recommended increase of physical activity on constipation remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of moderate physical exercise on noninvasive cardiac autonomic tests in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND: In addition to the assessment of extreme cardiovascular reserve, new methodology is needed which is sensitive enough to detect subtle improvement in cardiovascular fitness in cardiac patients. AIM: This study modelled subtle clinical improvement by a moderate physical activity programme in healthy volunteers and investigated whether the improved fitness is detectable by non-invasive tests of cardiac autonomic status. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (ten women, mean age 39.6+/-7.8 years) were divided into two groups of five women and five men in each. One group (the active group) was subjected to a moderate physical training programme for 6 months. The other group (the passive group) served as controls and continued with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. Twice before commencing the exercise programme and regularly afterwards, subjects were investigated by a series of non-invasive autonomic tests including controlled respiration, active postural change, isometric handgrip, and Valsalva manoeuvre. A continuous three lead semi-orthogonal electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure monitoring was obtained. Statistical descriptors of heart rate and blood pressure, spectral descriptors of their modulation, and baroreflex index giving the proportion between simultaneous heart rate and blood pressure changes were obtained from each test. RESULTS: Although the exercise programme was not extensive enough to be detected in changes of the baseline heart rate, the minimum RR interval during the Valsalva manoeuvre prolonged significantly with exercise in the active group. The mean arterial diastolic pressure decreased significantly. High frequency components of RR interval modulations decreased in supine controlled respiration and increased in standing controlled respiration and a trend towards an increase of both high frequency and low frequency components of diastolic arterial pressure modulations was noted with exercise. Baroreflex index assessed from Valsalva manoeuvre increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that a selected set of non-invasive autonomic tests is sensitive enough to depict moderate improvement in cardiovascular fitness and that a multivariate assessment of cardiovascular fitness based on these tests might be applicable to monitoring chronic cardiac patients subjected to different clinical management modes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The use of physical exercises in the combined treatment of atherosclerosis patients].

The authors discuss the role of diagnostic biochemical and immunological approaches to evaluation of the curative efficacy of physical training, in particular, its anti-atherosclerotic effects. On the example of the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis an analysis is presented of the diagnostic and prognostic value of several tests characterizing the state of metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, connective tissue, autoimmune processes in curative training.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1996

[Prediction of maximum oxygen uptake during physical exercise on bicycle ergometer].

Possibilities to predict maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) during exercising on bicycle ergometer using the Russian Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE) was studied. Results of examination of 13 athletes demonstrate the possibility of predicting individual and group average VO2max on the basis of data from submaximum testing and the empirical formulas from the value of VO2max registered at RPE numbers 13 and 15. These VO2max values can serve as markers for assessing the dynamics of physical performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Physical exercise and digoxin binding to skeletal muscle: relation to exercise intensity.

The effect of a 1 h bicycle exercise test on digoxin concentration in skeletal muscle (thigh) and serum was studied in 10 healthy men, who had ingested digoxin 0.5 mg daily for 2 weeks. During maintenance digoxin treatment each subject performed 2 exercise tests, at 70-90 W and 140-180 W both 24 h after the last dose, at a 2-7 day interval. During exercise at the lower work load the mean skeletal muscle digoxin concentration increased by 9% (n.s.) and the mean serum digoxin concentration decreased by 26% (p less than 0.001). The high work load induced a mean increase in skeletal muscle digoxin of 20% (p less than 0.05) and a mean decrease in serum digoxin of 40% (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that the increased uptake of digoxin into exercised skeletal muscle and the decrease in serum digoxin during exercise is related to the intensity of the exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of prolonged physical exercise on the fibrinolytic system.

The effect of a test marathon race on plasma fibrinolytic activity (FA) was studied in 16 endurance athletes before, immediately after, 3 h, and 31 h after the run. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity increased about 31-fold immediately after the run. Similar increases were found in t-PA antigen concentration. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) was not detectable immediately after the race and was significantly decreased 3 h (P less than 0.05) and 31 h (P less than 0.01) later. B beta 15-42 peptide increased by 0.63 pmol.ml-1 (P less than 0.001), D-dimer by 68.3 ng.ml-1 (P less than 0.05). Euglobulin lysis time (ELT) was reduced from 109 to 18 min (P less than 0.001). The increased t-PA activity and t-PA antigen concentration disappeared in the course of the first 3 h after exertion. ELT also reached its pre-exercise levels at this time. Thirty-one hours after the race ELT and t-PA antigen levels were slightly but significantly reduced (P less than 0.05), whereas B beta 15-42 peptide remained increased (P less than 0.05). t-PA activity was unchanged compared with pre-exercise values. It seems that the exercise-induced FA is mainly caused by the marked increase of t-PA antigen and t-PA activity.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Heart rate variability and physical exercise. Current status].

Heart rate variability (HRV) has long been used in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In recent years, both time and frequency domain indices of HRV also gained increasing interest in sports and training sciences. In these fields, HRV is currently used for the noninvasive assessment of autonomic changes associated with short-term and long-term endurance exercise training in both leisure sports activity and high-performance training. Furthermore, HRV is being investigated as a diagnostic marker of overreaching and overtraining.A large body of evidence shows that, in healthy subjects and cardiovascular patients of all ages (up to an age of 70 years), regular aerobic training usually results in a significant improvement of overall as well as instantaneous HRV. These changes, which are accompanied by significant reductions in heart rates both at rest and during submaximal exercise, reflect an increase in autonomic efferent activity and a shift in favor of enhanced vagal modulation of the cardiac rhythm. Regular aerobic training of moderate volume and intensity over a minimum period of 3 months seems to be necessary to ensure these effects, which might be associated with a prognostic benefit regarding overall mortality.At present, available data does not allow for final conclusions with respect to the usefulness of traditional HRV indices in assessing an individual's exercise performance and monitoring training load. The discrepant results published so far are due to several factors including insufficient study size and design, and different HRV methods. Large-sized and prospectively designed studies are necessary for clarification. It also remains to be seen, whether the traditional HRV indices prove useful in the diagnosis of overreaching and overtraining. Preliminary results, though promising, need to be confirmed in larger cohorts.A basic problem in HRV analysis is nonstationarity of the heart rate signal, which holds particularly true for exercise conditions. Whether, in these conditions, more robust nonlinear HRV methods offer a benefit has to be established in further work.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and physical exercise.

The immediate and delayed influence of exercise of variable type, duration and intensity on the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (gamma-GT) has been examined in athletes and untrained persons. The possible effects of exercise-induced changes in other parameters (plasma free glutamate, serum triglyceride, haemoconcentration) on the measured postexercise serum gamma-GT have been discussed, partly on the basis of our own experimental data. It appears that neither exercise itself, nor any one of the above mentioned factors (excepting a slight, transient effect of haemoconcentration after brief, intensive exertion) have noticeable influence on serum gamma-GT. Determinations of this enzyme for diagnostic purposes are therefore likely to be used without regard to acute and chronic exercise history in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effects of nandrolone treatment on recovery in horses after strenuous physical exercise.

To test the effect of nandrolone on their recovery, six adult half-bred riding horses performed a competition exercise test (CET) and a standardized exercise test (SET) on consecutive days before and after a 2-week treatment with the anabolic steroid nandrolone laurate. Blood samples were collected during and between these tests for the determination of red cell volume and concentrations of blood lactate, plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, triglycrides, erythropoietin, cortisol, insulin, and glucagon. Muscle biopsy specimens were taken immediately after the CET and before the SET for analysis of glycogen content, citrate synthase, and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehvdrogenase activity. Nandrolone administration increased the rate of muscle glycogen repletion after exercise, an increase that may be explained by increased glucose output by the liver, higher plasma insulin concentration, and increased insulin-independent glucose transport, but not by better availability of lipid fuels during recovery.

Anabolic Agents↗