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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Flushing treatments of subtropical ewes bred three times each within two years.

389 Ossimi ewes were given 45 days of flushing treatment with different protein levels (100%, 125%, and 150%) and different sources of protein (plant protein, fish meal, and urea) during a period of two years three weeks each before a mating season and with three breedings during that time. At high protein levels and application of plant protein higher live weight increases were achieved during the flushing period. The reproduction performance was not influenced. The conception rate improved with increasing protein treatments. Plant protein treatments gave better results in the conception rate, twinnings and lambings. September proved a better month for mating than did January and May. There was no significant influence of the age and the live weight of the ewes on the daily body weight gain and the reproductive performance of the ewes. Only the rate of twinning increased significantly with increasing live weight.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative characters of the transducing virulent streptococcal phages A25 and CA1].

The properties of two virulent streptococcal bacteriophages and their DNAs have been studied. Both phage A25 and phage CA1 generated the generalized transduction of chromosomal and plasmid markers among group A streptococci. Phage CA1 differs from the morphologically and serologically related and well-known transducing phage A25 by the efficiency of transduction, the duration of the latent period of reproduction, buoyant density in CsCl and by the lytic spectrum. Phage CA1 also was active against the lysogens resistant to phage A25. Phage genomes are presented as the linear permutated DNA molecules with molecular mass of 23 megadaltons having terminal repetitions of different size. These data have been obtained as a result of homoduplex analysis of the DNAs. A non-homologous fragment 29% of the molecular length of the phage genomes has been revealed by heteroduplex analysis of phage DNAs. This fragment seems to be responsible for the differences in biological properties of the phages. Phage A25 is heterogenous in buoyant density and molecular length of its DNA.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of fallopian tube function after microsurgical treatment].

Authors have presented long-term results of microsurgical treatment of female infertility. Operations of the abdominal ostium were successful in 28% (home taken baby), what is similar to the results presented in the literature. Poor outcome of the other types of the microsurgical operations was analysed. Comparison of the microsurgery with the different methods of the assisted medical procreation was performed (e.g. IVF-ET and GIFT), showing the advantages of the latest.

Fallopian Tubes↗
PubMed1994

Female mortality in reproductive ages in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

An audit of all cases of female mortality in the reproductive age groups has been performed in Dar es Salaam during 1991-93. Multiple sources of information was used to collect information on deaths. None of the sources of information on death was alone adequate. 73% of the interviews was done at home. The mother or another close relative was interviewed in more than 70% of the cases. A total of 645 deaths were identified and 18% of these were related to pregnancy. Fever, shortness of breath and weight loss were the most common symptoms before death followed by pallor and vomiting. Almost 90% visited a health facility before death. AIDS (27%), tuberculosis (13%) and malaria (12%) were the most common causes of death. Diagnosis could not be made from audit data in 22 cases, and the relatives attributed 7.6% of all deaths to witchcraft or just God's will. AIDS and related diseases are now a major cause of death in the female reproductive age group. There is need to identify preventive measures of this disease as well as prevention of malaria and tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices in Malawi: survey population characteristics.

A national knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted in March-April 1992 to examine malaria illness and the people's response to illness and malaria prevention. Fifty-one households in each of 30 randomly selected communities were sampled and information was recorded from 1,531 households and 7,025 individuals. The population is characterized by low income (average household and per capita income were US $490 and $122, respectively) and low education levels (among adult women, 45% had no formal education and only 3.9% completed more than 8 years of schooling). Characteristics of the population were similar to those found in the 1987 national census, suggesting that the survey population was representative of the larger population of Malawi. Children under 5 years of age made up 15.8% of the population and had the highest rates of fever illness; these children experienced an estimated 9.7 cases/year of fever illness consistent with malaria. Although adults reported fever less frequently, women of reproductive age experienced an estimated 6.9 episodes of fever annually. The burden of malaria morbidity in this population is extremely high and occurs in all age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Elective abortion. Complications seen in a free-standing clinic.

Experience is reported with the elective first trimester abortion of 16,410 pregnancies during a 31-month period by Reproductive Health Services of St. Louis, a free-standing clinic. Incidence of complications was 1.54%. The most common of these were incomplete evacuation, excessive postabortal bleeding, and uterine perforation. In patients with unquestioned perforation, the use of laparoscopy has been very valuable in ascertaining the exact nature of the perforation, in avoiding unnecessary laparotomy, and in giving intraabdominal visual guidance to concomitant suction evacuation in cases of an incomplete procedure. Aspects of the other complications are also discussed. In general, the findings support the view that even in the first trimester, the earlier in pregnancy that suction abortion is performed, the less likely it is to result in major complications. It is possible to perform first trimester abortions in a free-standing clinic with a satisfactorily low complication rate.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aspartate kinase from the cyanobacteriium Plectonema boryanum infected with the cyanophage LPP-3].

The effect of development of cyanophage infection on the activity of aspartate kinase of Plectonema boryanum has been studied. It has been determined that activity of aspartate kinase increased during early period of reproduction of cyanophage. It coincided in time with the increase of the level of amino acids of aspartate family. Isoenzymes of aspartate kinase were isolated from the infected cells purified and studied. Expression of viral genome is accompanied with the appearance of four new isoenzymes determined by virus. The revealed aspartate kinases are not subject of regulation by amino acids (the end-products of biosynthesis) according to the principle of feed-back inhibition.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childlessness, subfertility, and infertility in Tanzania.

This study examines the trends and variations in childlessness, subfertility, and infertility in Tanzania according to data from the 1973 National Demographic Survey and the 1991-92 Demographic and Health Survey. Between the surveys, the proportion of women older than 30 who were childless was found to have declined more than 60 percent, and the proportion with an open birth interval extending for longer than five years was reduced by 40 to 50 percent in each standard five-year age group from 20 to 39. Within Tanzania, both childlessness and infertility are higher among urban than rural residents, and a substantial range prevails across eight rural zones. Finally, evidence suggests that the decline in impaired fertility has been followed by an increase in the total fertility rate. The difficulties of implementing population policies that aim simultaneously to control population growth and to improve women's health are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Phyllodes tumors of the breast. Forty one cases].

Phyllode tumors of the breast are fibroepithelial tumors similar to fibroadenomas but with a predominant conjunctive tissue component. The aim of this work was to determine the specific diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic features of this tumor. A retrospective series of 41 cases was collected in the gynecology-obstetrics ward from 1980 to 1991. The analysis of this series showed the following characteristics: incidence of phyllode tumors was 0.46% of all breast tumors. Mean age at diagnosis was 30 years, in 75.6% of the women were in a period of reproductive activity. Mean delay between the first clinical signs and diagnosis was 20 months. Mean size was 12 cm Diagnosis was confirmed at pathology examination in all cases. The tumor was classed grade 1 and 2 in 65.9% of the cases, grade 3 in 9.8%, grade 4 in 17.1%. Surgical treatment alone was used in all cases with large tumorectomy (48%), simple mastectomy (30%), and total mastectomy with node dissection (22%). After a follow-up of 1 to 7 years, there were 3 deaths and 11 local recurrences requiring reoperation. In the remaining cases, the outcome was favorable without recurrence or metastasis. These results together with those reported in the literature show that histological confirmation is required for the diagnosis of phyllode tumors. Surgical treatment alone is required with wide exeresis because of the voluminous tumor formation the age of the patient and the histological grade. Finally, prognosis depends on the histological characteristics of the conjunctive tissue component of the tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Seasonal occurrence of Gyrodactylus derjavini (Monogenea) on brown trout, Salmo trutta, and Atlantic salmon, S. salar, in the Sandvikselva river, Norway.

Seasonal variation in prevalence and intensity of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus derjavini on brown trout parr, Salmo trutta, and Atlantic salmon parr, S. salar, and occurrence of G. derjavini on ascending sea trout, S. trutta m. trutta, in the Sandvikselva river, southeastern Norway, was recorded. In general, both prevalence and intensity increased and decreased correspondingly with the rise and fall in water temperature. However, both prevalence and intensity decreased in warm periods when reproduction and transmission should be high, possibly from host-induced parasite mortality. Sea trout became infected with G. derjavini soon after they entered the river; prevalence tended to increase as the sea trout migrated upstream to the spawning grounds. It is hypothesized that transmission of G. derjavini to sea trout occurred via the river substratum.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Histopathology of functional and neoplastic changes in cervix and endometrium.

Over 90% of all cervical carcinomas originate from hyperplastic reserve cells of the endocervix. When cell cycles of the pluripotent reserve cells are shortened or damaged by hormonal overstimulation or toxic chemicals, DNA repair after viral infection is no longer possible. The immortalized cells may then become malignant with precancerous and carcinomatous differentiation to squamous, adenosquamous or adenocarcinomas. To determine the type of HPV infection is clinically important for estimating prognosis and for planning further therapy. In recent years HPV 18-associated endocervical adenocarcinomas have increased considerably in number as compared with squamous cell carcinomas. In endometrial carcinomas the estrogen-stimulated endometrioid types must be distinguished from the gestagen-stimulated mucinous, clear-cell and serous-papillary types because prognosis as well as operative and adjuvant therapy differ considerably. The endometrioid carcinomas and their preceeding atypical hyperplasia are frequently associated with bcl-2, c-myk and c-ki-ras oncogenes. The mixed Muellerian types, in contrast, and their preceeding mucinous, clear-cell and serous-papillary metaplasias very often show genetic defects, LOH, mutations, amplifications and deletions, especially of p53. The endometrial carcinomas occurring in the reproductive age period are of endometrioid type and frequently present microsatellite instabilities. In rapidly proliferating tissues like the endometrium there appears to be a close correlation between functional and neoplastic changes. A simple explanation for that might be found in the greatly enhanced mitotic activity in a hormonally stimulated endometrium with shortening of cell cycles, leaving insufficient time for DNA repair. Since, however, carcinogenesis is a multi-factorial event, to correlate endometrial function with morphology can contribute only one aspect to the understanding of neoplastic change. In discussing hormonal function it is important to realize that the endocervix and the endometrium differ not only in their cellular structure, but they react antagonistically to hormonal stimulation: excessive (endogenous or exogenous) estrogen results in hyperproliferation of endometrial epithelial cells, but in the cervix in differentiation of the endocervical cells with mucus production. Extensive synthetic gestagens lead to hyperproliferation of endocervical epithelial cells (reserve cells as well as glandular epithelial cells), but in the endometrium cause atrophy (see Table 1).

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed2005

Reduced dry periods and varying prepartum diets alter postpartum ovulation and reproductive measures.

There has been substantial recent interest in shortening dry periods; however, the effects of this management change on reproduction have not been adequately evaluated. Holstein cows (n = 58) were assigned in a randomized block design to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) traditional (T) dry period (approximately 56 d) in which cows were fed a low energy diet from 56 to 29 d prepartum followed by a moderate energy diet for 28 d; 2) shortened (S) dry period (approximately 28 d) in which cows were fed continuously a high energy diet; or 3) no planned (N) dry period in which cows were fed continuously a high energy diet. All cows received a high energy lactation diet after calving. Ovaries were evaluated by ultrasound and blood samples collected 3 times weekly beginning at d 6 or 7 postpartum until 7 d after second ovulation. Average days from calving until first detection of a 10-mm follicle were fewer in N (8.0 d) and S (8.9 d) than in T (10.5 d) cows. Time from calving to first ovulation was earlier in N (13.2 d) than in S (23.8 d) and T (31.9 d) cows. A greater percentage of follicles of the first follicular wave ovulated in N (89%; 16/18) than in T (42%; 8/19), with S (62%; 13/21) cows being intermediate. Double ovulation rate at the first ovulation was greater in T (61%) than N (16%), with S (35%) intermediate. No difference was detected in double ovulation rate at second ovulation (13/56). Number of cows with persistent corpus luteum (>30 d; 15/56) was not different among groups; however, short luteal phases were greater in N (28%; 5/18) than S (0%; 0/20) cows. Days to first artificial insemination were fewer in N (69.4 d) and S (68.0 d) than in T (75.0 d). First-service conception rate was greater in N (55%; 11/20) than in T (20%; 4/20), with S (26%; 6/23) cows being intermediate. Days open in pregnant cows were fewer in N (93.8 d) than in T (145.4 d), with S (121.2 d) cows being intermediate. Thus, shortening or eliminating the dry period leads to earlier postpartum ovulation and the results highlight the need for future large field studies to accurately evaluate the effect of dry period length on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Iteroparous reproduction strategies and population dynamics.

Asymptotic relationships between a class of continuous partial differential equation population models and a class of discrete matrix equations are derived for iteroparous populations. First, the governing equations are presented for the dynamics of an individual with juvenile and adult life stages. The organisms reproduce after maturation, as determined by the juvenile period, and at specific equidistant ages, which are determined by the iteroparous reproductive period. A discrete population matrix model is constructed that utilizes the reproductive information and a density-dependent mortality function. Mortality in the period between two reproductive events is assumed to be a continuous process where the death rate for the adults is a function of the number of adults and environmental conditions. The asymptotic dynamic behaviour of the discrete population model is related to the steady-state solution of the continuous-time formulation. Conclusions include that there can be a lack of convergence to the steady-state age distribution in discrete event reproduction models. The iteroparous vital ratio (the ratio between the maximal age and the reproductive period) is fundamental to determining this convergence. When the vital ratio is rational, an equivalent discrete-time model for the population can be derived whose asymptotic dynamics are periodic and when there are a finite number of founder cohorts, the number of cohorts remains finite. When the ratio is an irrational number, effectively there is convergence to the steady-state age distribution. With a finite number of founder cohorts, the number of cohorts becomes countably infinite. The matrix model is useful to clarify numerical results for population models with continuous densities as well as delta measure age distribution. The applicability in ecotoxicology of the population matrix model formulation for iteroparous populations is discussed.

Animals↗