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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[National colorectal carcinoma screening program deserves further study; a report from the Dutch Health Council].

Each year there are about 8400 new colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cases in the Netherlands. Despite improved treatment possibilities the mortality rate has not shown a decline. A reduction in the mortality rate can be achieved by screening for CRC by means of faecal occult-blood testing. Endoscopic screening (flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) could reduce not only the mortality but also the incidence of CRC, but this has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. The introduction of a national screening programme deserves serious consideration, although various questions need to be answered before a final decision can be taken. These concern the optimal screening strategy, the expected degree of participation, the follow-up under persons in whom polyps are found, the demand on human resources and other resources, and the cost-effectiveness.

Colonoscopy↗
PubMed2000

Usefulness of screening program for celiac disease in autoimmune thyroiditis.

We determined the prevalence of celiac disease in subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis compared with sick and healthy subjects. The screening was performed with IgA-class endomysium antibody, by indirect immunofluorescence using human umbilical cord as the antigenic substrate. Six of the 172 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis were found to be anti-endomysium positive (3.4%) and five of these underwent intestinal biopsy, which showed total villous atrophy. By contrast, 3 (0.75%) of 396 patients with nongastroenterologic malignancies and 10 (0.25%) of 4000 blood donors were found to have celiac disease. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases was significantly higher in patients with both celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis than in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis alone (P = 0.01). This study confirms that celiac disease is increased among patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. We suggest that these patients may benefit from screening for celiac disease so as to eliminate symptoms and limit the risk of developing other autoimmune disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development assessment of a hip ultrasonographic screening program for the early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia at the orthopedic university department Homburg/Saar from 1986 to 1990].

The results of the hip ultrasound newborn screening at the orthopaedic department of the University Hospital Homburg/Saar underline the necessity of an early diagnosis of Hip dysplasia already during the first days of life. In the course of the following publication the benefit of using abduction-pants in case of physiological unripe and primary pathological hips is described closely. From October 1985 to December 1990 2317 newborns have been examined by ultrasound. The rate of Hip Dysplasia (type IID, IIg, IIIa) was at 104 hips (2.2%). Clinical striking facts were only found in 46.3% of all patients with primary pathological hips. After an precautionary broad swadling (Breitwickeln) or abduction-pants-treatment 331 (90.0%) hips of the 368 regular checked hips with type IIa developed with an average secondary anatomical healing of 2.5 months to Ia- or Ib-hips. After 3 months only just 12 hips corresponded to a diagnosis of type IIb according to Graf. A deterioration to a IIg or IIIa hip was only ascertained in two cases. With all 41 sufficiently controlled primary pathological hips an improvement to type Ia or Ib according to Graf achieved when treated with abduction pants (average duration of treatment: 4.3 months). None of the children had to undergo an operation because of instable hips.

Braces↗
PubMed2001

Examples of implemented neonatal hearing screening programs in Austria.

In order to improve early detection of congenital permanent childhood hearing impairment the Austrian ENT society recommended in 1995 that universal neonatal hearing screening be introduced ("Millstätter Concept"). Coverage is presently about 67% for full-term healthy neonates and 86% for neonates from intensive care units. For maternity units, referral rates between 1% and 3.7% have been reported (2.7-15% for intensive care units). The results of the screening test and follow-up in cases of failure have been documented in 37,543 neonates. Of this population, 91 infants (2.4 per 1000) showed bilateral permanent hearing loss. In these children intervention and management of the family started within the first months of life. These results justify the effort involved in introducing universal neonatal hearing screening.

Austria↗
PubMed1984

Non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the New York screening program.

Radiographs of 168 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were reviewed. Following a negative initial examination, 102 tumors were detected during routine annual screening, while 66 were diagnosed during the interval between screenings. The cancers detected on routine yearly examination were smaller; the rate of resectability was higher, a larger number were Stage I, and survival was better. Within the routinely screened group, 65% had evidence of cancer on reviewing earlier radiographs; these patients tended to have earlier stages of cancer and a better survival rate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Cost analysis of a mammographic screening program].

In this paper we evaluate the principal direct costs (staff, capital and maintenance equipment, supplies, hardware and software system, mail, advertising campaign) of the mammographic screening programme "Prevenzione Serena" (Torino), from the recruitment time to the diagnostic assessments of screen positive cases. On the basis of the annual situation of a screening Unit which supplies two-view mammographies, read by two radiologists, and of a 60% attendance rate and a 5% recall rate, we estimate a total annual cost of 1.4 thousand million lire (875,000$), a cost per invited woman of 38,600 lire (24$), per tested woman of 64,400 lire (40$) and per breast cancer detected of 9.2 million lire (5,750$). Staff accounts for about 60% of the total cost. We evaluate also some alternative scenarios, with different hypothesis about the useful life of the equipment, the discount rate, the attendance and the recall rate.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Hessen, Germany: efficiency of the screening program and school achievement of 129 children at an age of 8-12 years.

Status and school achievement of 129 children born in Hessen between 1988 and 1992 and notified by a repeatedly elevated concentration of TSH in neonatal screening were evaluated. Interviews of mothers, teachers and pediatricians were used to score the development and educational achievements, respectively. A total of 298,175 newborns were screened and the incidence of permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) was 1: 3,313 (n = 90). The female/male ratio was 1.37:1. In the 69 PCH cases with complete data, athyreosis (52%), hypoplasia (32%), dyshormogenesis (9%) and ectopia (7%) were identified as etiologies. The mean age at start of therapy decreases from day 15 in 1988 to day 9 in 1992; however, 27% of PCH children showed reduced psychomotor development as scored by their pediatrician and 11% attended a special school for educationally subnormal children. Approximately 25% of the children had lower educational achievements irrespective of the school type. Our finding of a relatively high percentage of PCH children with subnormal development points to a failure in disease management. A follow-up program including repeated serum TSH monitoring and yearly examinations by pediatric endocrinologists and supervision by the regional screening center is necessary to ensure the long-term efficacy of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Infant hearing screening: program implementation and validation.

Congenital and early-onset hearing losses were discovered in 6.1% of 975 Intensive Care Nursery (ICN) graduates. The methods used were neonatal screening by Crib-O-Gram (COG) and high risk register, in combination with repeated behavioral hearing tests at 1 to 3 years. This 7-year longitudinal study had follow-up hearing evaluations for a remarkably high 84% of all subjects. Significant losses that interfered with speech and language development (1000 to 8000 Hz average loss greater than 45 dB HL bilaterally) were found in 4.3% of infants. COG in combination with subsequent behavioral hearing screening was a sensitive strategy for detecting significant hearing loss: only one child was missed with this combination. Alone, COG sensitivity to significant hearing losses was 79.3%, but would have been higher had a stricter passing criterion been adopted. Behavioral hearing screenings detected bilateral hearing losses of even mild (greater than 20 dB HL) degree. Sensitivity to significant hearing losses was 82.6% and would have been improved if test frequencies greater than 3000 Hz were included in the screen. Even if screening failure occurred at 1 year of age, the age of actual confirmation of hearing loss depended on severity of the loss and ear involvement. Significant hearing losses were confirmed earlier than less severe or unilateral losses. Although behavioral screenings could be done during the first year of life, continued follow-up was required to detect progressive hearing losses.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Screening for cardiovascular risk factors in public screening programs: are target groups being reached?].

In 1990 the public health department of Frankfurt organised the third "Frankfurter Gesundheitstage". 1875 persons took part in the voluntary public screening programme for cardiovascular risk factors. Mean age of the persons tested was 60 years. 13% of them smoked, 16% were obese. In 19% elevated blood pressure, and in 85% hypercholesterolemia (greater than 200 mg/dl) was observed (46% greater than 250 mg/dl). Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension was not known before to 444, resp. 88 persons. "Persons at risk" for cardiovascular disease can be reached by such a screening programme.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Characteristics of female smokers attending a lung cancer screening program: a pilot study with implications for program development.

Anticipating the development of lung cancer early detection programs, we examined the: (1) feasibility of a lung cancer early detection program; (2) characteristics of enrollees (e.g. motivation to quit smoking); (3) correlates of enrollee motivation to quit smoking; and (4) rates of smoking cessation following screening. Brief surveys were completed before and after screening, which involved sputum cytology, chest X-ray, bronchoscopy, spiral CT, and a meeting with an oncologist to discuss smoking cessation. Of the 168 eligible women who were heavy smokers recruited via newspaper and cancer center advertisements, 55 agreed to undergo screening. Enrollees showed low-to-moderate levels of quit motivation and high levels of nicotine addiction; enrollees were interested in a range of smoking cessation treatments; 20% of enrollees exhibited clinical-levels of emotional distress; 64% of enrollees reported low levels of self-efficacy (i.e. self-confidence) to quit; 24% of enrollees reported low levels of quitting pros and 25% reported high levels of quitting cons; 31% of enrollees showed high levels of fatalistic beliefs about cancer; and all enrollees recognized their elevated lung cancer risk. Greater motivation to quit smoking was related to: greater age, lower nicotine addiction, fewer health symptoms, and higher quitting self-efficacy and quitting pros. Finally, 16% of enrollees quit smoking after screening. Overall, many women eligible for screening refused to undergo comprehensive screening that included bronchoscopy and spiral CT. Screening may represent an opportunity for quitting smoking, although more intensive smoking cessation interventions that target nicotine addiction and self-efficacy may be needed to maximize the health benefits of an early detection program.

Adult↗