Ultrastructural morphometry of the pancreatic -cell.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “morphometry”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Morphometry of the parahippocampal gyrus in schizophrenics and controls. Some anatomical considerations.
Volumetry of the parahippocampal gyrus was performed applying stereological methods. No difference was found comparing 18 schizophrenic brains with 18 sex- and age-matched controls. Variable sulcal pattern may contribute to inconsistency with previous findings.
Adult↗
Automated video image morphometry of the corneal endothelium.
The central corneal endothelium of 13 eyes in 13 subjects was visualized with a non-contact specular microscope. This report describes the computer-assisted morphometric analysis of enhanced digitized images, using a direct input by means of a frame grabber. The output consisted of mean cell area, cell density, frequency distribution of the individual cell area, and cell polygonality. Results showed that the mean coefficient of variation of images analyzed three times consecutively was 0.95 percent. The cell analysis of three different images of the same subject was accurate, with a mean coefficient of variation of 4.2 percent.
Adult↗
Morphometry of the intestine of the pig. I. A method for complete circumsection analysis.
A method and scheme are described to improve precision for quantitation of functional aspects of the intestine by morphometric evaluation of a representative sample hereafter called a circumsection. A circumsection is defined as: all tissue lying within the total circumference of a slice of the intestinal wall transected at a righ angle to the long axis of the intestine tube. The quantitative values obtained from these substantial specimens therefore provide a basis for reliable estimations of the organ content of specified cellular masses or of functional surfaces, ie, villi volume, epithelial surface, crypt mass, muscle mass, etc. The volume, mass, or area of specialized cells can be compared with physiological functions and capacities. These comparisons and relationships are important to investigate the causes and effects of digestion-absorption parameters on performance output of healthy animals--growth, development, reproduction, lactation, work output, etc. The data can also describe responses of the digestive organs (tissues) to various inputs--dietary, environmental, chemical, and physical. The method involves analysis of a montage of photomicrographs of the circumsection. The method was successful; the data collected demonstrated that the small intestine of the pig has lateral symmetry (left vs right) but is asymmetrical in the opposite plane (mesenteric vs antimesenteric). The asymmetry is especially clear in the ileum and jejunum where significant differences between opposite halves ranged from 7% to 90% of the mean value.
Animals↗
Morphometry of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons with application to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The length and cross-sectional area of human semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were measured in both single- and multi-strand configurations for the purpose of anterior cruciate ligament graft preparation. The average lengths of the semitendinosus and the gracilis tendons were 235 +/- 20 mm (mean +/- SD) and 200 +/- 17 mm, respectively. The cross-sectional area of a doubled semi-tendinosus tendon (two strands) was significantly less than that of a 10-mm-wide patellar tendon graft (P < 0.001). The cross-sectional area of the tripled semitendinosus tendon (three strands) and the 10-mm-wide patellar tendon were similar. Doubling of the combined semitendinosus and gracilis tendons (four strands) and tripling of this combination (six strands) resulted in a significantly greater cross-sectional area in comparison to the 10-mm-wide patellar tendon (P < 0.05, four strands; P < 0.001 six strands). This investigation demonstrates that anterior cruciate ligament grafts fashioned using multiple-strand combinations of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons result in a cross-sectional area that is comparable to the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. This is an important finding since cross-sectional area reflects the intra-articular volume of collagenous tissue. This information should be helpful to surgeons considering using the hamstring tendons as an anterior cruciate ligament graft.
Aged↗
Electron microscopical morphometry of well-differentiated and undifferentiated ACTH secreting adenomas in Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenomas of patients with Cushing's disease (undifferentiated and well-differentiated ACTH-cell adenomas) were studied ultrastructurally and analysed morphometrically by a computer-supported quantitative image-analysing system. They were compared with identically prepared ACTH tumours (undifferentiated and well-differentiated ACTH-cell adenomas) of pituitaries from bilateral adrenalectomised patients with Nelson's syndrome. The aim of our study was to look for significant differences in ultrastructure and to evaluate these findings statistically regarding adenoma types and clinical syndromes. Clinical syndromes aside, more secretory granules and larger-sized prosecretory granules were measured in the well-differentiated ACTH-cell adenomas. The undifferentiated adenomas showed a greater content of nucleoli and prosecretory granules. Within the adenoma types, comparison of well-differentiated ACTH-cell adenomas showed that the clinical group of Cushing's disease contained larger areas of cytofilaments, whereas the clinical group of Nelson's syndrome had a larger tumour size and more lysosomes. Comparing the undifferentiated adenomas of both clinical groups the adenomas in Cushing's disease contained larger nuclei and more lysosomes, whereas the adenomas in Nelson's syndrome were larger in tumour size and contained larger prosecretory granules. Comparison of well-differentiated and undifferentiated adenomas in Cushing's disease showed more secretory granules and bigger prosecretory granules in well-differentiated adenomas whereas in undifferentiated adenomas the total area of the nuclei is larger, the nucleoli increase in number and size and the lysosomes are more frequent. Comparison of well-differentiated and undifferentiated adenomas in Nelson's syndrome demonstrated more lysosomes in well-differentiated adenomas and a larger total area of the nuclei in undifferentiated adenomas. The differences between the well-differentiated adenomas (mainly more secretory granules and larger prosecretory granules) and undifferentiated adenomas (mainly more and larger nuclei and nucleoli and more prosecretory granules) prove the clear separability between the adenoma types, not demonstrated in the literature up to now. The significant differences between adenomas in Cushing's disease (mainly more cytofilaments) and Nelson's syndrome (mainly more ribosomes and larger prosecretory granules) may be interpreted as different cell reactions due to the hypercortisolism present in Cushing's disease and lacking in Nelson's syndrome following adrenalectomy. Despite the fact that both clinical syndromes are based on the same adenoma types, indistinguishable by light microscopy, significant morphometrical findings in ultrastructure allow a clear discrimination of both clinical types.
Adenoma↗
Morphometry of peroxisomes and immunolocalization of peroxisomal proteins in the liver of patients with generalised peroxisomal disorders.
Hepatic peroxisomes were studied by morphometric and immunocytochemical techniques in control patients and in four Zellweger syndrome patients, two infantile Refsum's (IRD) patients, one neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) patient, and three patients with peroxisomal disorders (PD) which do not fit any currently recognised classification, but have disorders involving a defect in peroxisomal biogenesis. Peroxisomes which were ultrastructurally abnormal and greatly reduced in size and/or number were found in two of the Zellweger syndrome patients, and the NALD and IRD patients. There was variation in their numerical density ranging from none at all in two of the Zellweger syndrome patients to normal numbers in the IRD patients. In most patients there was a decrease in the immunolabelling of catalase over the peroxisomes. In the Zellweger syndrome and NALD patients, the small, abnormal peroxisomes did not label for any of the beta-oxidation proteins. The IRD patients and the PD patients however, were heterogeneous with respect to beta-oxidation labelling. The ultrastructural heterogeneity of peroxisomes in these peroxisomal disorders patients indicates there may be genotypic differences between the major groups and also within each group. The common factor in all the patients in this study where peroxisomes were present was the presence in the hepatic peroxisomes of an electron dense centre which did not label immunocytochemically for catalase or the beta-oxidation enzymes. This electron dense centre may indicate a structural abnormality in the peroxisomes in these patients.
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase↗
Computed radiographic absorptiometry and morphometry in the assessment of postmenopausal bone loss.
The best method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk is currently considered to be bone densitometry. The most commonly used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods may sometimes not predict bone mass accurately in every skeletal site, are expensive and not widely available. The recent development of computed analysis of a plain radiograph of the hand might provide a practical, inexpensive and rapid method for evaluation of bone mineral status. In this study we evaluated 20 healthy premenopausal and 660 postmenopausal women. In 36 of these subjects a second evaluation was carried out after 2 years of therapy with calcium supplements. The internal and external diameters of the second metacarpal and the metacarpal and ultradistal radial bone density were evaluated using a technical device developed in our laboratory and marketed by NIM, Verona, Italy (Osteoradiometer). The radiographic images, captured by a video camera, were digitized and studied by computed analysis. In 150 subjects bone density at the level of the lumbar spine, femur, and ultradistal and proximal radius was also measured by DXA techniques. Both external (D) and internal (d) diameters increase significantly with age and years since menopause (YSM), whereas metacarpal index (D--d/D) and metacarpal and ultradistal radial bone density decrease significantly with age and YSM. The ratio between metacarpal bone mineral content and the cortical area (volumetric metacarpal bone density) did not change with age. Significant correlations were found between radiometric findings and DXA measurements. The best correlation coefficients were between bone density measured at the level of the ultradistal radius by DXA and radiographic absorptiometry. In the 2-year follow-up study, a 4.9% and 6.2% decline in radial metacarpal bone density respectively were observed, but the difference was statistically significant only for the latter. In conclusion, computed radiogrammetry is closely correlated with all DXA measurements and may be useful in screening of large populations, providing a simple, inexpensive and sufficiently precise method for evaluation of bone mineral status. Further studies are warranted for assessing the accuracy of radiogrammetry for longitudinal investigations and its capacity to predict fracture risk.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
The capsular ligaments of the wrist: morphology, morphometry and clinical applications.
Variable wrist ligament descriptions and nomenclatures have been presented, but the dimensions of these ligaments have not yet been extensively investigated. To verify the numerous concepts advanced and to provide a better understanding of individual variations in carpal biomechanics, and the numerous pathomechanical concepts reported in the literature, this study aimed to determine capsular carpal ligament anatomy, their dimensions and variations. The origin, insertion, and number of fascicles of the capsular wrist ligaments were observed in precise dissection of 66 anatomic preparations. The dimensions of several capsular wrist ligaments were measured using a calliper: the parameters analysed being length and width at three levels each, from which mean length and width and approximate mean surface (product of mean length by mean width) were determined. The anatomy of the capsular ligaments of the wrist showed, besides relatively constant structures, considerable individual variations, particularly of the ulnocarpal and dorsal ligaments. The standard deviations of ligament lengths and widths were mostly less than 20% of the average value. Some measurements, however, showed larger variations, such as those associated with the dorsal scaphotriquetral and ulnocarpal ligaments. Ligament widths generally showed larger variations and less interdependency than did ligament lengths. The capsular wrist ligaments display morphologic and morphometric variations, which could explain the biomechanical variations reported in the literature, and the diversity of classifications and treatment methods proposed for carpal instability. Further studies, however, are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Anthropometry↗
Importance of elliptic Fourier methods for morphometry of complex outlines: application to the distal human femur.
The purpose of this technical note is to present an automatic procedure of shape characterisation using new developments in elliptical Fourier methods combined with image analysis techniques. It was applied, as an example, to the outline of the distal extremity of the distal human femur in inferior axial view. This outline was automatically extracted and characterised by an ordered series of harmonics, each harmonic being described by four new parameters called elliptical descriptors. Step by step reconstructions of outlines using an increasing number of harmonics were than performed. The simultaneous study of the elliptic descriptors and of the step by step reconstructions allowed a considerably easier geometric and morphologic interpretation of the harmonic contributions than classically. The main morphologic features of the distal femur (lateral and medial condyles, intercondylar fossa, lateral and medial borders of the articular surface, and patellar groove) were mainly described by the first seven harmonics. These new developments in elliptic Fourier methods open interesting perspectives for the study of complex outlines, providing an accurate individual morphologic characterisation, and thus the possibility of polymorphic analysis.
Anthropometry↗
Morphometry of the talocrural joint.
Based on two orthogonal radiologic views, the authors present a morphometric study of the talocrural joint. In 50 normal subjects, 10 parameters were measured and divided into 3 groups: the distal tibial joint surface parameters, the malleolar parameters and the talar parameters. These parameters were treated in both a descriptive and a correlative analysis. If the talocrural joint is a hinge joint whose talar articular surface can be simplified and classed as a cylinder segment, it is possible to calculate its curve radius. Then the correlative analysis allows to define the talar parameters and the corresponding parameters of the distal tibial joint surface. The malleolar parameters are independent factors. This study is the first morphologic analysis to serve as a basis for an ankle arthroplasty.
Adult↗
Morphometry of the galliform cecum: a comparison between Gambel's quail and the domestic fowl.
Tissues from the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the ceca of Gambel's quail and domestic fowl were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular and subcellular structures, including epithelial cell height, mitochondrial volume fraction, microvillous surface area, proportion of goblet cells, and junctional complex characteristics, were quantified by a variety of stereologic procedures and other measurement techniques. The mucosal surface of quail cecum shows a much more highly developed pattern of villous ridges and flat areas than that of fowl cecum. The fowl has significantly greater cell heights than the quail in all cecal regions. The mitochondrial volume fraction does not differ significantly with species or region, but mitochondria are concentrated on the apical side of the nucleus. In both species, the proximal cecal region has the greatest microvillous surface area. All 3 components of junctional complexes, including zonula occludens, zonula adhaerens, and macula adhaerens, are quantified. When all factors are considered, the quail cecum appears to have morphological characteristics consistent with a greater potential capacity for absorption than the fowl cecum.
Animals↗
Rats with mammary cancer treated with toremifene and interferon: morphometry and needle aspiration biopsy for determination of ATP and 14C-fluorodeoxyglucose content.
The combined and separate action of the antiestrogen toremifene (TOR) and recombinant rat gamma interferon (RIF) was studied in rat mammary cancer induced by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). The content of ATP and 14C-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was also determined from fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). RIF alone had no antitumor activity, when measured as the average number of new tumors appearing in RIF and control animals (2.4 vs 2.4 new tumors per animal), while TOR and TOR + RIF had a significant effect (1.2, P less than 0.05 and 0.6, P less than 0.01). Morphometrically, there was a significant decrease in the amount of epithelium in the tumors of the RIF + TOR animals (65% vs 82% in the controls, P less than 0.05); there was conversely an increase in the stromal component (25% vs 14%, NS). It appears that an increase of the stromal compartment is part of the healing process. The feasibility of the FNAB-technique was shown by the finding that there was a close correlation between FDG and ATP content in almost all the groups before and after treatment. Thus, FDG and ATP measure the same phenomenon, i.e., energy content. There was a large variation in the contents of ATP and FDG within and among the groups, which invalidated considerations regarding the predictive value of ATP and FDG content in tumors subject to treatment.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Morphometry of the aging female rat urethra.
Muscles in the limbs change with age, but the aging process of urethral muscles is unknown. Therefore, we compared smooth and striated muscle content in the female rat urethra in young (12 month) and old (32 month) animals, using immunochemical techniques. All the striated skeletal fibers at both ages contain slow myosin. Urethral diameter does not change with age (young, 1.44 +/- 0.08 mm; old, 1.46 +/- 0.10 mm, n = 5), nor does the external sphincter width (young, 0.088 +/- 0.016 mm; old, 0.080 +/- 0.017 mm, n = 5). Neither smooth nor skeletal muscle volume in the urethra is changed with age (skeletal: young, 20.72 +/- 2.94%; old, 19.95 +/- 2.35%. Smooth: young, 22.26 +/- 2.98%; old, 26.75 +/- 2.35%, n = 5). The external striated sphincter is separate and distinct from the pubococcygeal region of the levator ani muscle, but is closely apposed to another layer of longitudinally oriented fibers into the vaginal musculature. The morphometric analysis shows no difference in urethral architecture in aging female rats.
Aging↗
Relationship of myocardial morphometry in aortic valve regurgitation to myocardial function and post-operative results.
In 24 patients with aortic insufficiency undergoing aortic valve replacement, a clinical and hemodynamic study was performed pre-operatively. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained perioperatively for morphometric study. No significant relations were found when morphometric data were compared to functional class, cardiothoracic radio and ECG findings. The percentage of interstitial fibrosis was not correlated with any of the measured hemodynamic parameters. Myocardial cell diameter was weakly correlated with left ventricular systolic function parameters. A decrease in the percentage of contractile material was strongly correlated with an impaired left ventricular function, assessed pre-operatively. During clinical follow-up, patients were divided into two groups: Group A (17 patients) included patients who were in class I or II of NYHA after surgery. Group B (seven patients) included patients who died or were in functional class III or IV. As compared with Group A, Group B patients had a significantly lower ejection fraction; their myocardial cell diameter was larger and the percentage of myofibrils, and the content of contractile material were significantly lower. This suggests that, in aortic regurgitation, left ventricular dysfunction is correlated with contractile material loss and not with interstitial fibrosis, and that morphometric changes are good predictors of follow-up after surgery.
Adolescent↗
Interrelationships between bone morphometry, thyroid function tests and serum parathyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Optic disc morphometry in chronic primary open-angle glaucoma. I. Morphometric intrapapillary characteristics.
Four hundred twenty-seven optic discs of 233 unselected patients suffering from chronic primary open-angle glaucoma were morphometrically evaluated and compared with the optic nerve heads of 253 unselected normal subjects. Only one randomly chosen eye per patient was taken into consideration. We found that glaucoma leads to a change in the characteristic configuration of the neuroretinal rim that in normal eyes is significantly (P less than 0.001) largest at the lower disc pole, smaller at the upper and nasal disc side, and smallest in the temporal disc region. Based on this information, significant (P less than 0.001) morphometric differences between "early" glaucomatous and normal discs are: (a) the neuroretinal rim area in the lower temporal disc sector is smaller than in the upper temporal disc sector; the smallest rim width is outside the horizontal temporal disc sector ("pathognomonic"); the quotient of horizontal to vertical c/d ratio is lowered; and (d) the lower temporal, upper temporal, and total rim area are decreased. No significant difference in overall optic disc size and form exists between normal and glaucomatous eyes. Smaller optic nerve heads are not more susceptible to glaucoma.
Adolescent↗
Consequences of pruning in morphometry of coronary vasculature.
There is a paucity of data on the branching pattern and dimensions of the blood vessels in various organs. The reason for the paucity is undoubtedly the tremendous effort needed to obtain the morphometric data. For those organs whose morphometric data have been determined, pruning was introduced: cutting off branches at successive generations, measuring what remained, using the statistical data to estimate what were cut off, and adding the estimated data to the measured data to obtain the final results. Evaluation of the effects of pruning was not possible, however, because a full set of precise data did not exist. Now a complete set of morphometric data on the coronary arteries is presented by Kassab et al. (8). Hence we are in a position to evaluate pruning versus accuracy. Among several pruning protocols tried we found a simple, easy-to-follow scheme that seemed to be reasonable. It reduced the labor by 79% when it was applied to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery of the pig, and it caused the following percentage errors based on comparison with the unpruned data. The largest error incurred in the mean diameters of all orders of tree is 7.6%. The corresponding maximum errors in the length and number of elements in all orders are -9.8% and 30.0%, respectively. The estimated error of the total equivalent Poiseuille's resistance for the LAD artery computed from pruned data was 25.2% when compared with that computed from unpruned data.
Animals↗