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PubMed1994

The use of modern and traditional methods of fertility control in Bangladesh: a multivariate analysis.

An attempt has been made to study the use pattern of traditional and modern methods of fertility control among currently married women of reproductive ages utilizing the 1989 BFS data. Bivariate analysis has been employed to study the differentials in the use pattern by some selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Also, multivariate logistic regression analysis has been used to identify independent contributions of each selected covariate. It has been observed, however, that there is universality of knowledge about contraceptive methods. Of the total 31 percent, about 23 percent were using modern methods and the rest, 8 percent, traditional methods. Analysis using a logistic regression model showed that visits of family planning workers have very strong and positive influence on the current use of modern contraceptives as compared to traditional methods. Duration of effective marriage also emerged as a strong determinant of modern versus traditional methods use but it influenced modern methods use negatively. Also, administrative division is an important variable. Residents of Rajshahi division were significantly more (relative odds of 2.5) likely to be using modern methods than residents of Chittagong division. The likelihood of women having electricity in their household of being a current user of modern contraceptives is almost 2 times higher compared to women without electricity in their households. Education and occupation of husbands also exerts effect on current use of modern contraceptives. The odds of current use of modern methods among women whose husbands have secondary and higher level of education is one-and-a-half times higher than that of women with husbands having no formal education. However, wives of landowners were less (relative odds of 0.72) likely to use these methods as compared to traditional methods than wives of labourers or farmers. The probability of current use of modern contraceptives was higher (relative odds of 1.5) among women who discussed family planning with their husbands than those who did not.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Regional dissociated heterochrony in multivariate analysis.

Heterochrony, the classic framework to study ontogeny and phylogeny, in essence relies on a univariate concept of shape. Though principal component plots of multivariate shape data seem to resemble classical bivariate allometric plots, the language of heterochrony cannot be translated directly into general multivariate methodology. We simulate idealized multivariate ontogenetic trajectories and demonstrate their behavior in principal component plots in shape space and in size-shape space. The concept of "dissociation", which is conventionally regarded as a change in the relationship between shape change and size change, appears to be algebraically the same as regional dissociation - the variation of apparent heterochrony by region. Only if the trajectories of two related species lie along exactly the same path in shape space can the classic terminology of heterochrony apply so that pure dissociation of size change against shape change can be detected. We demonstrate a geometric morphometric approach to these issues using adult and subadult crania of 48 Pan paniscus and 47 P. troglodytes. On each specimen we digitized 47 landmarks and 144 semilandmarks on ridge curves and the external neurocranial surface. The relation between these two species' growth trajectories is too complex for a simple summary in terms of global heterochrony.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with genital ulcer disease among incarcerated males in Sindh.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential risk behaviors associated with the lifetime risk of self reported genital ulcer disease (GUD) among prison inmates. SETTING: Prison inmates from 14 prisons of Sindh Province. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3395 prison inmates during July to December, 1994. A questionnaire was used to assess the lifetime risk of self-reported GUD (whether or not the subject was ever affected with GUD up to present age) and to investigate demographic markers and risk behaviors for their possible association with lifetime risk of GUD using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The reported lifetime risk of GUD in the study sample was 11.4% (386/3395). In final multivariate logistic regression model the sexual behaviors which were independently associated with GUD were having sexual intercourse with female (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.3, P = 0.0002), sexual intercourse with a prostitute (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0, P = 0.0008), sexual intercourse with man (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7-2.7, P = < 0.001) and sexual intercourse with man during current incarceration (adjusted OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9, P = 0.0071). CONCLUSION: Health education needs to re-enforce monogamous relationship for high risk groups such as in our study. Although infrequent condom use was not a risk factor for GUD in this study, yet based on the results of previous studies, promotion of condom use should be the component of health education program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Multivariate analysis of histopathologic prognostic factors for invasive cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the independent histopathologic prognostic factors for patients with cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy including paraaortic lymphadenectomy. METHODS: A total of 187 patients with stage IB to IIB cervical carcinomas treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up period was 83 months. Cox regression analysis was used to select independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, lymph node (LN) status (negative vs. metastasis to pelvic nodes except for common iliac nodes vs. common iliac/paraaortic node metastasis), histopathologic parametrial invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), and histology of pure adenocarcinoma were found to be independently related to patients' poor survival. For patients who had a tumor histologically confined to the uterus and have neither parametrial invasion nor lymph node metastasis, LVSI was the most important prognostic factor, and histologic type, depth of cervical stromal invasion, and tumor size were not related to survival. The survival of patients with a tumor extending to parametrium or pelvic lymph node(s) was adversely affected by histology of pure adenocarcinoma. When the tumor extended to common iliac or paraaortic nodes, patients' survival became quite poor irrespective of LVSI or histologic type of pure adenocarcinoma. Patients' prognosis could be stratified into low risk (patients with a tumor confined to the uterus not associated with LVSI: n = 80), intermediate risk (patients with a tumor confined to the uterus associated with positive LVSI, and patients with squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis or parametrial invasion: n = 86), and high risk (patients with pure adenocarcinoma associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis or parametrial invasion, and patients with common iliac/paraaortic node metastasis: n = 21) with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 100 +/- 0 (mean +/- SE)%, 85.5 +/- 3.9%, and 25.1 +/- 9.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LN status, parametrial invasion, LVSI, and histology of pure adenocarcinoma are important histopathologic prognostic factors of cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Prognosis for patients with cervical carcinoma may be stratified by combined analysis of these histopathologic prognostic factors. Postoperative therapy needs to be individualized according to these prognostic factors and validated for its efficacy using randomized clinical trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Morphological predictors of survival in advanced gastric carcinoma univariate and multivariate analysis.

In 76 curative resected advanced gastric carcinomas, the relationships between macro- and microscopy of the carcinoma and the survival rate were studied by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (product limit estimator), significant influence on survival rate was found for tumor size, Laurén type, number of lymphocytes, tumor fibrosis, and N stage. In the multivariate survival analysis of covariates according to the Cox regression model, in macroscopically evaluable variables the tumor size was effective, in bioptically evaluable variables the number of plasma cells and the histological type. Concerning the primary tumor, the same set of variables presents significant correlations to survival time. Adding the involvement of lymph nodes, Laurén type, and N stage express all significant correlations of the tumor to survival rate. In parametric multivariate stepwise regression analyses of survival time, all variables working in the Cox proportional hazard model were very ineffective. But adaption of the Kaplan-Meier test to the effective variables of multivariate survival analysis elucidates the tight relationships between survival rate and these variables. No distinct relationships are present between variables of primary tumor and presence of lymph nodes metastases or N stage respectively.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1991

[Cognitive evoked potentials in the diagnosis of senile dementia and dementia of Parkinson's disease: significance of multivariate analysis].

P300 latency is often delayed in dementia but some authors have questioned its value in clinical practice, because of the relatively low specificity and sensibility of the method. Numerous parameters (latency, duration, amplitude and surface) of N100, N200 and P300 waves were therefore studied in patients with senile dementia, subjects suffering from Parkinson's disease with dementia, and non-demented elderly patients. Using discriminant analysis, more than 90% of the patients were correctly classified. This method could thus be contributory in diagnosing dementia in clinical practice.

Cognition↗
PubMed1994

[Adjusted survival of the graft in renal transplantation. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors].

Three hundred and seven first corpse transplantations performed in the Clínica Universitaria of Navarra since 1976 are analyzed. The cases are divided in two series, Current and Historic, depending on whether the immunosuppressive protocol included cyclosporin A. First, actual survival curves from both series were compared, obtaining a significantly improved survival in the cyclosporin A series (p). Then, the most influential prognostic features in each series are analyzed for the various post-transplantation periods. With regard to adjusted graft survival in the Historic Series, both initial function and the number of rejections have influence during the first post-transplantation year. HLA A + B identities and the donor's age influence during the immediate one-to-three months period. In the Current Series, time of cold ischaemia and number of rejections act during the earliest (first month) and the latest (between one to three years) periods. The donor's cause of death and the recipient's age influence during the first month of evolution. The initial function and the presence of surgical complications influence between the first month and the first year.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2003

Laryngeal carcinoma--multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in 1252 consecutive patients treated with primary radiotherapy.

Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors were carried out in 1252 consecutive patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary radical radiotherapy. Ten percent of patients had positive neck nodes Most of the patients were in stage I (48%), the remainder in stage II (24%), III (18%) and IV (10%). Of these patients, 746/1 252 (60%) were controlled by primary treatment but 506/1 252 (40%) had residual tumor or recurrent disease. The larynx was preserved in 62% of patients. The 5-year actuarial values for disease-specific and overall survival were 78% and 60%, respectively. The results of a univariate analysis showed multiple significant prognostic factors, and in a Cox proportional hazards model it was found that gender and T-classification were significant for T-failure, locoregional failure, death from cancer and death from all causes. The region of origin, nodal involvement, differentiation and pretreatment hemoglobin value were significant for several of the above-mentioned endpoints. Laryngeal carcinoma is curable when treated with primary radiotherapy, and this treatment confers a high degree of organ preservation. Independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analyses were gender, region of origin, T-stage, nodal involvement, differentiation and hemoglobin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histopathologic correlation of two-phased dynamic incremental CT in hepatocellular carcinomas using multivariate analysis.

In order to grade pathologic factors that influence CT findings in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), the CT-pathologic correlation was assessed statistically using univariate and multivariate analyses of 75 lesions. CT findings of early and delayed phase scans using two-phase dynamic incremental CT (TDICT) were compared with pathologic findings in resected specimens to calculate a category score for each pathologic finding. According to category scores, histopathologic differentiation and growth pattern were the major determinants of tumor density. Determinants of the internal structure of tumors were cytological variants, histologic differentiation, and macroscopic classification, in that order. Macroscopic classification, histologic differentiation, fibrous capsule characteristics, and growth pattern were important in descending order for tumor margins. Histologic differentiation was the most important factor for determining TDICT findings in HCCs. The CT findings were modified by parenchymal liver disease and cytologic variants.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Multivariate analysis of technical variables in pancreaticoduodenectomy: the effect of pylorus preservation and retromesenteric jejunal position on early outcome.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of technical modifications to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) on postoperative outcome, we established a register of all patients undergoing PD at Victoria General Hospital (Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre), a tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Data from 78 consecutive patients who underwent PD from January 1998 through November 2000 were collected for univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and technical factors on early outcome after PD, including duration of gastric stasis, development of complications and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Two patients (2.6%) died; complications were recorded in 43 (55%). Upon univariate analysis, 3 factors (a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, pylorus preservation, and route of the jejunal limb) significantly affected duration of gastric stasis; but on multivariate analysis, only pylorus preservation and jejunal-limb route remained significant. Retromesenteric jejunal-limb placement was associated with longer periods of gastric stasis (mean 11.9 d, standard deviation [SD] 8.1 d) than the antemesenteric (retrocolic) route (mean 7.2, SD 3.6 d; p < 0.05); likewise pyloric preservation (mean gastric stasis 10.4 d, SD 5.9 d) compared with resection of the pylorus (mean 7.0 d, SD 3.2 d; p < 0.05). Pancreatic leaks occurred in 18% of retromesenteric and 8% of antemesenteric reconstructions (p = 0.3). Fewer patients with mucomucosal pancreaticojejunostomy suffered complications than those with invaginated anastomoses, but their hospital stays were similar in length. CONCLUSION: Route of the jejunal efferent limb and preservation of the pylorus are independent technical variables affecting early outcome after PD.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Multivariate analysis of meal patterning in intact and vagotomized rabbits.

Meal patterns of female rabbits were measured throughout a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle and subjected to a multivariate-univariate analysis. Increased food intake occurring during the first 6 hr of dark was attributed to increased meal frequency and feeding rate, while that found during the last 6 hr of dark was attributed to increased meal duration and meal size. Meal patterning was also nonhomogeneous between the 6-hr periods in the light portion of the cycle. Experiment 2 demonstrated the times of day when feeding patterns of vagotomized animals are different from those of intact animals and, further, delineated the relevant variables that are altered by vagotomy. Immediately following light offset, vagotomized animals were distinguished from intact animals by sloer feeding rate and decreased food intake. Immediately following light onset, vagotomized animals were distinguished from intact animals by decreased feeding frequency, increased meal duration, and increased satiety ratio. During the 6 hr immediately preceding light onset or offset, none of the variables could discriminate the feeding patterns of intact animals from those of vagotomized animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Multivariate analysis and classification of two-dimensional angular optical scattering patterns from aggregates.

Two-dimensional light-scattering patterns from aggregates have undergone feature extraction followed by multivariate statistical analysis. The aggregates are comprised of primary particles of varying shape and size. Morphological descriptors (features) were extracted by a nonlinear filtering algorithm (spectrum enhancement) and then processed by principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis. The analysis was performed on two data sets, one in which the aggregates had a fixed primary particle size but varied in overall dimension and another in which the aggregate size was fixed but the primary particle size varied. Classification of the samples was performed adequately, providing some distinction among the limited classes that were analyzed.

Journal Article↗