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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Measurement techniques for lower cervical spine injuries: consensus statement of the Spine Trauma Study Group.

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: It was the purpose of the Spine Trauma Study Group to compile a collection of clinically useful imaging methods used in lower cervical spine trauma and to describe in detail how these measurements should be made. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Injury detection, description, and treatment decision-making rely on accurate imaging of the lower cervical spine. However, a standard set of imaging measurement techniques for this region does not exist. While most clinicians have developed their own methods of describing radiographic pathology, this variability often leads to confusion in developing an agreed on classification system and limits treatment recommendations. METHODS: The available literature concerning measurement of injury characteristics after lower cervical trauma was reviewed. Consensus of the most potentially useful measurement methods among the surgeon members of the Spine Trauma Study Group was achieved. RESULTS: These measurements included the following: kyphosis (Cobb angle and posterior vertebral body tangent methods); vertebral body translation; vertebral body height loss; maximal spinal canal compromise and spinal cord compression; facet fracture fragment size; and percentage facet subluxation. CONCLUSIONS: A consistent and standard measurement technique among clinicians with regards to imaging of lower cervical spine trauma should positively influence treatment outcome. However, it is through prospective study that the clinical significance of these recommendations will be scientifically established.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2003

Unexplained symptoms after terrorism and war: an expert consensus statement.

Twelve years of concern regarding a possible "Gulf War syndrome" has now given way to societal concerns of a "World Trade Center syndrome" and efforts to prevent unexplained symptoms following the most recent war in Iraq. These events serve to remind us that unexplained symptoms frequently occur after war and are likely after terrorist attacks. An important social priority is to recognize, define, prevent, and care for individuals with unexplained symptoms after war and related events (eg, terrorism, natural or industrial disasters). An international, multidisciplinary, and multiinstitutional consensus project was completed to summarize current knowledge on unexplained symptoms after terrorism and war.

Causality↗
PubMed1992

Early diagnosis of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome: consensus statement. European Community Concerted Action: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

The diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma by biochemical and genetic testing is possible in families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. At an early stage total thyroidectomy usually cures the patient. As the clinical penetrance of the autosomal dominant, transmitted, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 gene is not complete, family screening is indicated for every new patient who presents with apparently sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Problems related to a screening programme and early diagnosis have led the members of the European Community Concerted Action: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma group to formulate a consensus on biochemical and genetic screening. For biochemical screening, measurement of basal and pentagastrin and/or calcium stimulated serum levels of calcitonin by radioimmunoassay are essential starting at the age of three and continuing annually until 35 years of age. Furthermore, annual screening for pheochromocytoma by measuring the urinary excretion of catecholamines and for hyperparathyroidism by serum calcium determination is indicated. Genetic screening using linked markers can be done with a 95% accuracy in informative families when DNA is available from at least two family members proven to be affected. Biochemical screening can thus be reserved for gene carriers, while those at low risk can be reassured. Combined biochemical and genetic screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is important and effective for the cure of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗