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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Efficacy of the Kampo medicine Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang, a traditional herbal medicine, in the treatment of threatened abortion in early pregnancy.

This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang (Kyuki-kyogai-to), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in the treatment of threatened abortion in early pregnancy. We enrolled 72 women diagnosed with threatened abortion at Osaka Medical College Hospital and assigned them at random to the following two groups: a group of 36 women who received Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang at a dose of 7.5 g/day and another group of 36 women who received human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)(control group). We found that in the Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang group (2.9 + or - 3.5 days), the number of days required before hemostasis was reached in the uterus was significantly shorter than in the control group (10.8 + or - 8.2 days, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the number of days required for retroplacental hematoma in the vicinity of the gestational sac to disappear was significantly shorter in the Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang group (9.9 + or - 7.1 days) than in the control group (23.2 + or - 12.8 days) (p < 0.0001). In retroplacental hematoma size, significant rates of reduction were obtained in both major and minor axis measurements at the 7th day of treatment for the Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang group compared to the control group (control vs Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang: major axis: 7.5 + or - 3.8% vs 42.3 + or - 10.5%; minor axis: 15.3 + or - 16.8% vs 71.5 + or - 48.2%)(p < 0.0001, each case). The results of this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang in stabilizing early pregnancy. Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang can be expected to improve unstable early pregnancy with uterine bleeding and to prevent abortion.

Abortion, Threatened↗

PubMed2003

Spectrotemporal structure of receptive fields in areas AI and AAF of mouse auditory cortex.

The mouse is a promising model system for auditory cortex research because of the powerful genetic tools available for manipulating its neural circuitry. Previous studies have identified two tonotopic auditory areas in the mouse-primary auditory cortex (AI) and anterior auditory field (AAF)- but auditory receptive fields in these areas have not yet been described. To establish a foundation for investigating auditory cortical circuitry and plasticity in the mouse, we characterized receptive-field structure in AI and AAF of anesthetized mice using spectrally complex and temporally dynamic stimuli as well as simple tonal stimuli. Spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) were derived from extracellularly recorded responses to complex stimuli, and frequency-intensity tuning curves were constructed from responses to simple tonal stimuli. Both analyses revealed temporal differences between AI and AAF responses: peak latencies and receptive-field durations for STRFs and first-spike latencies for responses to tone bursts were significantly longer in AI than in AAF. Spectral properties of AI and AAF receptive fields were more similar, although STRF bandwidths were slightly broader in AI than in AAF. Finally, in both AI and AAF, a substantial minority of STRFs were spectrotemporally inseparable. The spectrotemporal interaction typically appeared in the form of clearly disjoint excitatory and inhibitory subfields or an obvious spectrotemporal slant in the STRF. These data provide the first detailed description of auditory receptive fields in the mouse and suggest that although neurons in areas AI and AAF share many response characteristics, area AAF may be specialized for faster temporal processing.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2001

Facilitators and barriers to elders' practice of t'ai chi. A mind-body, low-intensity exercise.

Research has documented the positive effects that t'ai chi has on the well-being of elders. However, the reasons that elders practice t'ai chi have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to describe the facilitators and barriers to t'ai chi practice in elderly populations. Taiwanese community-dwelling elders (40 of whom practiced t'ai chi and 40 who did not) aged 65 and older, matched on age and gender, were interviewed. Results showed that encouragement from others was the most important factor for elders to practice t'ai chi, whereas positive health outcomes were the reason they continued to practice it. Most of the non-t'ai chi group participants had never thought about practicing t'ai chi because they felt they were too weak to practice. Because t'ai chi can be helpful in promoting the well-being of elders, it is essential for health care professionals to overcome the barriers to its uses in elderly populations.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Factors behind the increase in cardiovascular mortality in Russia: apolipoprotein AI and B distribution in the Arkhangelsk study 2000.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular mortality is markedly higher in Russia than in Western Europe and the US. Little is known about indicators of atherosclerotic risk in the Russian population. To our knowledge, this is the first study of apolipoprotein (apo) AI and B in Russia based on the WHO-IFCC standard. METHODS: We measured apo AI and B by immunoturbidimetric assay in 3694 men and women from Arkhangelsk, Russia, in 1999-2000. RESULTS: The age-related distribution of apo B was similar to that in other countries, whereas the apo AI profile was different. For men > or = 20 years, apo AI was considerably higher than in studies from other countries. Women had also relatively high apo AI concentrations, although the difference was not as pronounced as in men. The apo AI concentration was positively associated with age and lifestyle variables such as alcohol consumption and physical activity, and negatively associated with body mass index and self-reported myocardial infarction. gamma-Glutamyltransferase was positively associated with apo AI in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The apparently favorable apolipoprotein profiles contrast with official death statistics indicating high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. High apo AI might indicate excessive alcohol consumption.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Structural requirements of human preproapolipoprotein AI for translocation and processing studied by site-directed mutagenesis in vitro.

A full length human serum apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) cDNA clone was isolated from a human liver cDNA library. The EcoRI insertion fragment was cloned into expression vectors pDS5 and pDS12 for in vitro transcription and translation. The primary translation product is correctly translocated and the N-terminal signal sequence of the primary translation product of the wild type apo AI cleaved in the presence of dog pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes releasing proapo AI. Ala-7 at the C-terminus of the signal sequence and Gln-1 of the prosequence were transposed by site-directed mutagenesis thus mutually exchanging the C-termini Gln-8-Ala-7 of the presequence and Gln-2-Gln-1 of the prosequence. The primary translation product of this mutated preproapo AI cDNA is correctly cotranslationally translocated into the lumen of the ER membranes and remains uncleaved by the signal peptidase. Deletion of the hexapeptide prosequence by site-directed mutagenesis in the preproapo AI cDNA led to a primary translation product which is cotranslationally translocated with processing to the mature apo AI polypeptide. We conclude that neither the proteolytic cleavage of the presequence nor the presence of the prosequence are structurally essential for the cotranslational translocation of apo AI. The amino-acid sequence bordering the cleavage site at the C-terminus of the presequence is without influence for the specificity of the signal peptidase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

An approach to the functional analysis of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. Activation by recombinant normal and mutagenized apolipoprotein AI.

Apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) of human serum high-density lipoprotein functions as an activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and therefore plays an important role in reversed cholesterol transport. The mechanism of the acyltransfer, the activating polypeptide domains of apo AI and the active site of LCAT in this transesterification are not yet known. Synthetic peptides of the apo AI sequence have been designed to determine the activating structure, but did not yet lead to conclusive results. This also applies to spontaneous apo AI mutants. We therefore used the method of site-directed mutagenesis of apo AI cDNAs using the overlap extension approach by the polymerase chain reaction. These constructs were cloned into the procaryotic vector pET8c and expressed under the inducible T7 promoter. The engineered apo AI polypeptides were isolated and purified by affinity chromatography and assayed for their activator activity. The essentials of this approach to the structure and function of activators in general have successfully been exemplified for the LCAT activation by engineering apo AI mutant polypeptides a) by the deletion of two adjacent amphipathic helices (amino acid residues 146-186) and b) by introducing a point mutation (Glu111----Gln).

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Mouse apolipoprotein AI. cDNA-derived primary structure, gene organisation and complete nucleotide sequence.

Apolipoprotein AI, the dominant protein component of serum high density lipoprotein, is intimately involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Apo AI activates the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase within the HDL particle and functions as ligand for a putative HDL receptor--two properties, which render this apolipoprotein a key mediator in reversed cholesterol transport. A functional analysis of the apo AI gene demands the isolation of the mouse apo AI gene for expression as transgenes in different mutant forms in the mouse. Here we describe the isolation of a full length apo AI-specific mouse liver cDNA clone with the human cDNA (892 bp) and the derived amino-acid sequence coding a polypeptide of 264 amino-acid residues. It showed a 70.7% homology to the rat and 66% to the human apo AI sequence. With this cDNA as probe the mouse apo AI gene was isolated and its organization analysed. Four exons, three of which are coding sequences, are aligned similarly to the human gene. The gene embraces 1825 bp between the transcription start, and the poly(A)+ tail attached 62 bp downstream of the stop codon. The complete nucleotide sequence of the four exons and three introns of the mouse apo AI gene was determined and its homology compared with that of the rat and human gene. Extensive deletions and a strongly reduced homology of the three introns of the two genes are obvious.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2026

AI-Driven Precision Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease: Drug Repurposing, Digital Therapeutics and Clinical Decision Support.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes significant clinical, social, and economic burden worldwide. Despite improvements in understanding its multifaceted pathogenesis, current treatments are mostly symptomatic and ineffective across varied patient populations. To overcome these constraints, AI-driven precision medicine allows tailored risk assessment, treatment selection, and disease monitoring. This review covers AI's role in AD precision medicine, focusing on drug repurposing, digital therapies and clinical decision support systems. Machine and deep learning models are used to predict medication response, integrate heterogeneous data sources such as genomics, transcriptomics, neuroimaging and electronic health records, and uncover pharmacogenomic treatment success factors. The paper covers AIenabled precision pharmacology, including tailored dosing algorithms, adaptive therapeutic monitoring, and adverse drug reaction prediction. Bioinformatics-based target identification, network pharmacology, graphbased AI models, virtual screening, and real-world and clinical data validation are emphasized in AI-driven medication repurposing. AI-powered digital treatments like personalized cognitive training platforms, wearable- derived digital biomarkers, virtual and mixed reality interventions, adherence monitoring, and digital twins for therapy optimization have been discussed. AI-based clinical decision support systems are also thoroughly assessed for clinical value, accuracy, and explainability in disease subtyping, trajectory prediction, and risk stratification in preclinical and prodromal AD. Despite these promises, data heterogeneity, algorithmic bias, legal barriers, and privacy concerns exist. Federated learning enables safe multi-center collaboration and hybrid AI-human approaches, and it represents the future. AI's ability to alter AD care opens the door to precision medicine paradigms that use repurposed medications, digital tools and intelligent decision-making to improve patient outcomes.

Alzheimer’s disease↗

PubMed2001

An alternative AI breeding protocol for dairy cows exposed to elevated ambient temperatures before or after calving or both.

Our objective was to determine if a timed artificial insemination (AI) protocol (Ovsynch) might produce greater pregnancy rates than AI after a synchronized, detected estrus during summer. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 425) were grouped into breeding clusters and then assigned randomly to each of two protocols for AI between 50 and 70 days in milk. All cows were treated with GnRH followed 7 d later by PGF2alpha. Ovsynch cows then were treated with a second injection of GnRH 48 h after PGF2alpha and inseminated 16 to 19 h later. Controls received no further treatment after PGF2alpha and were inseminated after detected estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed once by transrectal ultrasonography (27 to 30 d after AI) and again by palpation (40 to 50 d). Based on concentrations of progesterone in blood collected before each hormonal injection, only 85.4% of 425 cows were considered to be cycling. Although conception rates were not different between protocols at d 27 to 30, AI submission rates and pregnancy rates were greater after Ovsynch (timed AI) than after detected estrus. A temperature-humidity index > or = 72 was associated with fewer controls detected in estrus with lower conception than for controls detected in estrus when index values were < 72, whereas the reverse was true for cows after the Ovsynch protocol. We concluded that a timed AI protocol increased pregnancy rates at d 27 to 30 because its success was independent of either expression or detection of estrus. However, because of poorer embryonic survival in Ovsynch cows during heat stress only (39.5 vs. 69.2% survival for Ovsynch and control, respectively), pregnancy rates were not different by d 40 to 50 after timed AI.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Short communication: Conception rates following detection of estrus and timed AI in dairy cows synchronized using GnRH and PGF2alpha.

The objective of this study was to compare conception rates of cows exhibiting spontaneous estrus and receiving artificial insemination (AI) before completion of a timed AI protocol with cows that did not display estrus spontaneously, but were inseminated after 1 of 3 GnRH-PGF2alpha protocols. Cows (n = 432) in 2 herds were administered GnRH on d -7 and were tail-chalked daily. Cows detected in estrus before d 0 were inseminated immediately. Cows not detected in estrus by d 0 were administered PGF2alpha and were tail-chalked daily until 48 h after PGF2alpha. Cows detected in estrus from d -7 to 48 h after PGF2alpha were inseminated and designated as treatment A (n = 46). Cows not detected in estrus and not inseminated by 48 h after PGF2alpha were assigned randomly to receive either GnRH 48 h after PGF2alpha and timed AI 16 h later (treatment B; n = 132), or GnRH and timed AI 64 h after PGF2alpha (treatment C; n = 127), or timed AI 64 h after PGF2alpha (treatment D; n = 127). Pregnancy was diagnosed 38 to 45 d after AI by palpation per rectum of uterine contents. Nearly 11% of all cattle exhibited spontaneous estrus and received immediate AI. Herd did not influence the percentage of cows detected in estrus and inseminated. Conception rates did not differ among treatments. Conception rates differed between herds, but no interaction of herd x treatment was detected. No differences were detected between herds for days in milk, milk production, AI service number, or parity.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Analysis on the inheritance of inhibition and anti-inhibition of coleoptile purple line in rice and the SSR location of Ai(t) gene].

The ratio of purple line: no-purple line(13:3) was observed in six different F2 populations produced by crossing between parents with purple line and no-purple line in coleoptile. The backcross of XNA//XNA/ 21A150 (XNA, no-purple line and CMS, as the recurrent parent) resulted in a ratio of 1:1 (purple line: no-purple line). Genetic analysis showed that the expression of rice coleoptile purple line was influenced by two genes, inhibiting gene I and anti-inhibiting gene Ai(t). I gene inhibits P gene of C_A_P_ system and Ai(t) inhibits / gene, respectively. The gene pools of Ai(t) ai(t) and ai(t) ai(t) were constructed with BF1 of XNA//XNA/21A150. SSR analysis indicated that Ai(t) gene was linked with the markers of RM335, RM295, RM287 and RM21 and the genetic distance from Ai(t) to these four markers were 2.8 cM, 10.2 cM, 13.9 cM, 26.1 cM, respectively.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed2006

Is it possible to identify a population in which the incidence of future development of AIS is greatly increased when compared to the normal population?

For future research of predictors of AIS, it would be advantageous to identify a general population in which the development of AIS is greatly increased when compared to the normal population. The probability of predicting future development of AIS among younger relatives of current patients based on the probability of AIS incidence was assessed from the research literature. Although there is considerable literature relating to familial relationships of the probability of developing AIS or having AIS, the probability is relatively low in most cases. Even with the best of predicted probabilities, the identification of patients with a high probability of developing AIS remained low. The identification of people among the general population who have a high probability of developing AIS based on the probabilities expressed in the literature is not possible.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

DNA polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AII and AI-CIII-AIV genes: a study in men selected for differences in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration.

We have investigated the frequencies of RFLPs of the apolipoprotein (apo) AII gene and of the apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster in 109 men, selected from a random sample of 1,910 men aged 45-59 years, to cover a wide range of plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration. There was no significant difference in apo AI or apo AII RFLP allele frequency between groups of individuals with high and low HDL-cholesterol concentration. However, the apo AI PstI RFLP showed an association with genetic variation determining the plasma concentration of apo AI in this sample. Genetic variation in the apo AI-CIII-AIV gene region, as defined by haplotypes, accounted for 16% of the phenotypic variance in the apo AI concentration and for 8% of the phenotypic variance in HDL-cholesterol concentration. There was no significant association between alleles of the apo AII MspI RFLP and genetic variation determining apo AII or HDL concentration. The data demonstrate that genetic variation in the apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster is involved in determining the serum concentration of apo AI in this sample of clinically well individuals.

Alleles↗

PubMed1985

Quantification of human serum apolipoprotein AI by enzyme immunoassay.

We developed a quantitative assay for apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) in human serum, using a "sandwich"-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diluted serum samples were pipetted into the wells of polystyrene microtiter plates that had been previously coated with purified rabbit anti-human apo AI antibodies. After incubation for 2 h and washing, antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) were added and incubated for 2 h; after further washing, the bound enzyme was assayed by oxidation of o-phenylenediamine. Assay conditions were optimized for the incubation time and the amounts of coating antibodies and conjugate. Assay sensitivity is about 0.5 ng of apo AI, with a working range of 1 to 14 ng, similar to that of radioimmunoassays for human apo AI. The standard curves for apo AI in serum or HDL and for purified apo AI were parallel. Delipidation, heat treatment, or addition of detergents did not affect the amount of immunoassayable apo AI in human serum. The intra- and interassay CVs were 4 and 8%, respectively. Results for 100 serum samples compared well with those by immunonephelometry (r = 0.94).

Apolipoprotein A-I↗

PubMed2026

AI In Leukemia Diagnostics: Complementing the Pathologist's Role.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping every stage of leukemia diagnostics, from digital morphology and multiparameter flow cytometry to next-generation sequencing, multi-omics analysis, and emerging computational frontiers such as quantum-inspired feature selection. This review outlines how contemporary AI tools can automate labor-intensive quantitation, flag diagnostically salient patterns, and standardize interpretation, while the pathologist or hematologist retains authority over validation, context-specific integration, and clinical decision-making. We present an illustrative "human-in-the-loop" workflow that embeds AI modules within current laboratory information systems, emphasizing points where expert oversight mitigates algorithmic bias and resolves discordant findings. We further map the validator-integrator role across morphology, flow cytometry, and genomic/multi-omic interpretation and provide practical training competencies and use cases for AI-assisted hematopathology. Beyond technical deployment, the article addresses the educational transformation required for sustainable adoption. Drawing on international competency frameworks, including the Digital Health Competencies in Medical Education Framework and recently proposed AI-specific Entrustable Professional Activities, we map core skills that future hematopathologists must master: data-science literacy, critical appraisal of AI outputs, and ethical governance. We highlight evaluated training models such as the Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents curriculum, Stanford Artificial Intelligence in Machine and Imaging workshops, and College of American Pathologists bootcamps and propose integration strategies adaptable across resource settings. By pairing rigorous validation with targeted education, AI can elevate rather than eclipse the diagnostic role of the leukemia specialist, enabling more timely, reproducible, and personalized patient care.

Humans↗

PubMed1993

Characterization of the apolipoprotein AI and CIII genes in the domestic pig.

The apolipoproteins (apo) AI and CIII are important constituents of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins. In humans, apo AI is believed to play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, whereas apo CIII might be involved in the development of hypertriglyceridemia. Both human genes are located within a gene cluster on chromosome 11. Although the domestic pig has been widely used as an animal model in arteriosclerosis and lipid research, the porcine apolipoproteins genes are poorly characterized. In this report, the complete nucleotide sequences of the porcine apo AI and CIII genes are presented and we demonstrate, for the first time, apo CIII expression in the pig. Both genes are composed of four exons and three introns and resemble closely their human counterparts with regard to the transcriptional start sites, exon sizes, intron sizes, exon-intron borders, and the size of the intergenic region. The predicted pig apo AI is a protein of 241 amino acids, which is 2 amino acids shorter than human apo AI. The protein sequence was found to be very homologous to apo AI sequences in other mammalian species. Apo AI expression was detected on the mRNA level in porcine liver and intestine. The apo CIII gene encodes a protein with 73 amino acids, which is 6 amino acids shorter than human apo CIII. In contrast to the three isoforms of apo CIII found in humans, only one major isoform was detected in the pig. Presumably this isoform is unglycosylated. In addition to apo CIII expression in the liver and the intestine, a truncated form of apo CIII mRNA was also found in porcine kidney. Our studies demonstrate the presence of an apo CIII gene, an apo CIII mRNA, and an apo CIII protein in the pig and, therefore, exclude a hypothesized apo CIII deficiency in these animals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Cloning and characterization of a novel apolipoprotein A-I binding protein, AI-BP, secreted by cells of the kidney proximal tubules in response to HDL or ApoA-I.

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and has an important role in the regulation of the stability, lipid transport, and metabolism of HDL particles. To identify novel proteins that are involved in HDL metabolism, we used mature apoA-I (amino acids 25-267) as a bait for the screening of a human liver two-hybrid cDNA library. Among the identified genes, several encoded known proteins, including serum amyloid A(2a) (SAA(2a)), apoC-I, and phosphodiesterase HCAM1 (PDE1A), found to interact with apoA-I. In addition, we have cloned a novel 29 kDa apoA-I interacting protein, which we named AI-BP (apoA-I binding protein). The AI-BP encoding gene, APOA1BP, which is located on chromosome 1q21, is composed of six exons and five introns and spans 2.5 kb. Northern blot analysis demonstrated ubiquitous expression of the APOA1BP mRNA with the highest expression in kidney, heart, liver, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and testis. AI-BP protein is not detectable in serum of healthy probands, but serum samples of patients with septic syndromes may contain elevated levels of AI-BP. Significant amounts of AI-BP protein are found in cerebrospinal fluid and urine of healthy probands. The stimulation of cells derived from the kidney proximal tubules with apoA-I or HDL induces a concentration-dependent secretion of AI-BP indicating an important role for AI-BP, in the renal tubular degradation or resorption of apoA-I.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

The effect on transcription efficiency of the apolipoprotein AI gene of DNA variants at the 5' untranslated region.

Elevated circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein AI are associated with reduced coronary artery disease risk. We have shown that a C to T substitution at +83 bp and a G to A substitution at -75 bp of the apolipoprotein AI gene are both related to increased high-density lipoprotein levels in a healthy population but not in a coronary population, among whom the same mutations are associated with increased disease severity. In the present study, we explored the effects of these base changes on transcriptional efficiency in vitro. We directionally cloned (using polymerase chain reaction) the 5' region of the apolipoprotein AI gene (-281 to +330 bp) with GC, GT, and AC haplotypes into a pGL3-luciferase reporter gene basic vector, and transfected the constructed vectors into HepG2 cells. The cells carrying the T allele at the +83 bp site (GT 112.3 +/- 12.4) had the same transcriptional efficiency as those bearing the C allele (GC 126.3 +/- 9.6). However, for cells with the A allele at -75 bp there was a twofold decrease in transcription (AC 63.1 +/- 9.3) accompanied by similar changes in Luc+ mRNA levels; this reduced transcription was only present if the apolipoprotein AI leader sequence was included in the insert. While the findings are inconsistent with the T or A allele being associated with higher high-density lipoprotein levels, they are consistent with the finding that the alleles are associated with an increased coronary artery disease risk, and demonstrate that the 5' leader region of the apolipoprotein AI gene participates in regulating apolipoprotein AI transcription. They also suggest that other regions of the apolipoprotein AI gene may have an active role in such regulation, and that environmental effects may influence allele-specific expression.

5' Untranslated Regions↗