PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “AMYGDALOID BODY”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of electric stimulation of the amygdaloid body and hippocampus on bioelectrical activity recorded from these structures and from skull surface in epilepsy].

The authors discuss the morphology of records of spontaneous and stimulated bioelectric activity in an analysis of selected 15 EEG records using electric stimulation of deep temporal structures using relatively low parameters of stimulation (optimal: 2--3 V, 50 Hz, 1 msec, duration 5 sec). Attention is called also to the fact that seizure activity is absent in leads from skull surface during long-lasting bioelectric seizure activity in deep cerebral structures. It is concluded that induction of afterdischarges and analysis of the directions of their spread may be of practical importance from the point of view of diagnosis and therapy. The authors state also that induction of bioelectric afterdischarges in deep temporal structures, particularly in the hippocampus caused in these patients no disturbances of consciousness and memory.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1994

[An electron microscopic study of the quantitative characteristics of the neuronal and synaptic architectonics of the central and lateral nuclei of the amygdaloid body in the rat brain].

Some fine structural features of neurons and synapses in the central and lateral nuclei of rat's amygdala have been described. Neurons of the central nucleus are comparatively alike, but neurons of the lateral nucleus are distinguished by size, form and distribution of cell organelles. Different varieties of axonal profiles in both the nuclei are described. The axonal profiles are distinguished by quantity, form and localization of vesicles, presence or absence of an active zone, localization of profiles on different parts of neurons--soma, spines, fine dendrites and shafts. The axo-dendritic synapses were investigated quantitatively.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1996

[Projections of the amygdaloid body and dopaminergic mesencephalic formations to the entopeduncular nucleus of the cat brain].

Organization of projections on entopeduncular nucleus different regions from amygdala and from nuclei of tegmental ventral field and black substance was studied in cat using retrograde axonal transport of house radish peroxidose. Analysis of the labelled neurons distribution in these structures in separate marker injections into the rostral and caudal segments of entopeduncular nucleus allowed to conclude that projective fibres to rostral region come from not numerous neurons of tegmental ventral field and black substance compact part, and to caudal one apart from these structures neurons--also from scanty neurons of dorsal and lateral parts of black substance. Projections on entopeduncular nucleus from amygdala were not found.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1997

Volume and topographical changes of the basolateral complex during the development of the rat's amygdaloid body.

Volume and topography of basolateral complex during development and maturation in fetal and postnatal rat brains were studied using morphometrical methods. 39 rat brains of various ages were fixed in formalin, frozen and cut into 25-micron-thick sections and stained with cresyl violet. In cresyl violet preparation the basolateral complex appeared first on 17th prenatal day and it was composed of two homogenous parts--lateral and basolateral nuclei. On about 7th postnatal day each of these nuclei divided into two parts--the first one into the dorsolateral and ventromedial part, while the second one--into the anterior and posterior parts. Morphometric investigations showed that volume of the basolateral complex and its parts underwent the biggest changes up to 14th postnatal day, and we suspected that during this time it was more sensitive to pathological changes. After that day the volume of the basolateral complex had changed only a little.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1997

[The projections of the amygdaloid body, ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra to different segments of the nucleus accumbens in the canine brain].

Peculiarities of labelled cells distribution in amygdala, tegmental ventral field and substantia nigra were studied in dog by method based on retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase with marker injected into either lateral or medial segments of nucleus accumbens. Medical segment receives projection fibers only from amygdala basal nucleus and tegmental ventral field, i. e. from structures related to limbic system, while lateral one--from all dopaminergic parts of substantia nigra, associated with regulation of locomotor behavior as well.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms of the involvement of the serotonin of the amygdaloid body in the reproduction of the conditioned passive avoidance reaction in rats].

Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) content, MAO activity, and [3H]-5-HT specific binding were examined in rat amygdala at different stages of one-trial passive avoidance training. Serotonergic changes were revealed only at the stage of the avoidance recall. The [3H]-5-HT specific binding was decreased, MAO activity was increased and accompanied by enhanced 5-HIAA transport from serotonergic terminals. No changes were revealed in 5-HT content. It is suggested that the retrieval processes in passive avoidance learning are mediated by serotonergic system of the amygdala.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1998

[The structural organization of the nucleus thoracicus in the feline spinal cord after destruction of the amygdaloid body in the brain].

The influence of the corticomedial region of brain amygdala on the structure of spinal nucleus thoracicus was studied by means of experimental methods. The materials of investigation gave the possibility to determine some aspects of morphological changes development, such as stages of reversible, non-specific changes; dystrophic, destructive and reparative changes in nerve cells and neuroglia.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The amigdaloid body: functional implications].

INTRODUCTION: The amygdaloid body is a structure localized to the temporal lobe in mammals, formed by different nuclei and traditionally associated with the emotion system of the brain. Some investigators have suggested an alternative function for the amygdaloid body, considering it to be part of the system modulating memory. Much of the experimental data supports both functions. DEVELOPMENT: The relation of the amygdaloid body with the emotions has been based on the study of the conditioning of fear, by which an emotionally neutral stimulus can cause emotional reactions due to its temporal association with an adverse stimulus. It has been shown that the amygdaloid body is necessary for learning and expressing this conditioning, and is therefore involved in emotional learning. With regard to the relation of the amygdaloid body with the modulation of memory, one should point out the results which show that it is not always necessary for learning and memory, but is necessary for showing the modulating effects of different substances on memory. The amygdaloid body modulates the storage of memory in other regions of the brain, such as the caudate nucleus and the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Current data suggests that the whole amygdaloid complex is not involved in the two functions. However, the lateral and central nuclei participate in emotional learning whilst the basolateral nucleus is especially involved in modulation of the memory when emotional activation occurs.

Affect↗
PubMed2004

Do the asymmetry and the size of the structures of the temporal lobe persist in early stages of schizophrenia?

A total of 14 patients of various ages diagnosed with schizophrenia and, as an age-matched control group, 12 healthy subjects were examined using the MRI method of neuro-imaging. The volume of the following structures was evaluated in the right and left hemispheres: the superior temporal gyrus, the basolateral temporal area (the region including the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus), the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal head, the amygdaloid body and the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. In schizophrenia a significant increase in the volume of the amygdaloid body on both the left and right sides was observed. In the patients, as in the control group, we noticed significant asymmetry between the left and right sides in the volume of the structures studied. The left amygdaloid body was significantly larger than the right, whereas the left hippocampal head and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle were smaller than the right. Our findings suggest that in the early stages of schizophrenia, despite the increased volume of the amygdaloid body, the asymmetry between the structures of the temporal lobe is still present. However, the changes observed in the temporal lobe could be related to the functional disturbances observed in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neuronal loss and gliosis of the amygdaloid nucleus in temporal lobe epilepsy. A quantitative analysis of 70 surgical specimens.

Although clinical and electrophysiological evidence indicates that the amygdaloid body plays an important role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy, there are very few detailed data on histopathological changes in this nucleus in epilepsy patients. In the present study we have examined the lateral nucleus of the amygdaloid body in 70 surgical specimens from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and in 10 control specimens with respect to neuronal density and gliosis. The results were compared to the neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation. Our goal was to examine the pathological alterations of the amygdaloid body and their correlation with other morphological changes in temporal lobe epilepsy. In epilepsy patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis or focal lesions of the temporal lobe, the neuronal density of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus was significantly decreased as compared to normal controls (P < 0.001). Overall, the mean volumetric density in epilepsy patients was reduced to 59% of that in normal individuals. There was no correlation between the neuronal density in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and that in the different segments of the hippocampal formation or to the age at onset or the duration of epilepsy. The neuronal loss of the amygdaloid nucleus correlated well with the presence of fibrillary gliosis. Our findings demonstrate that the amygdaloid body is severely altered in most patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and that these changes are independent of those in the hippocampus. The presence of neuronal loss and gliosis in the amygdaloid nucleus of patients with focal lesions but no Ammon's horn sclerosis is compatible with an involvement of the amygdala in secondary epileptogenesis.

Adolescent↗