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Results for “Amnesia, Retrograde”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Retrograde amnesia and bilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Long-term follow-up.

Memory for past events was assessed in 43 patients who had been prescribed bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for relief of depressive illness. Four memory tests of personal or public events were administered before ECT, shortly after the fifth treatment, one week after completion of treatment, and about seven months later. The results indicated that ECT can initially disrupt recall of events that occurred many years previously, but recovery of these memories was virtually complete by seven months after treatment. It was also clear that persisting memory loss for information acquired only a few days before treatment can occur. For information acquired one to two years prior to treatment, recovery was substantial, but the results suggested that some memory problems might persist for events that occurred during this time period.

Amnesia↗
PubMed2002

The effects of pretraining and reminder treatments on retrograde amnesia in rats: comparison of lesions to the fornix or perirhinal and entorhinal cortices.

The present experiment examined the effects of pretraining and reminder treatments on the retention of a nonrelational odor-guided digging task following lesions to the hippocampal formation (i.e., fornix) or parahippocampal region (i.e., perirhinal and entorhinal cortices). The results showed that fornix-lesioned rats and control rats had good retention of the task and did not differ from each other; however, perirhinal- and entorhinal-lesioned rats were severely impaired and differed from fornix and control rats. The present experiment found no attenuation of amnesia following pretraining, which may be due to the lesion technique employed and the size of the resulting lesions. However, the experiment found a significant difference in performance following a reminder treatment, even in the severely impaired perirhinal- and entorhinal-lesioned group.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMed1976

Retrograde amnesia after electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra: mediation by the dopaminergic nigroneostriatal bundle.

Stimulation of the zona compacta of the substantia nigra (SNC) has been reported to impair the long-term retention of a passive avoidance step-down task. In the present experiments it was observed that previous ipsilateral lesions of the dopaminergic nigro-neostriatal bundle (NSB) with 6-hydroxydopamine blocked the stimulation-induced memory deficit. Unilateral or bilateral lesions of the dopaminergic NSB did not by themselves disrupt acquisition or retention of the passive avoidance task. In addition, the memory deficit observed after electrical stimulation of the caudate-putamen was not reduced by ipsilateral NSB lesions. These results indicate that the retention deficit produced by stimulation of the SNC was mediated by the dopaminergic NSB. However, in view of the fact that lesions of this projection did not affect acquisition or retention of the step-down task, it is suggested that this system is not critically involved in learning and memory. Rather, it is hypothesized that stimulation of the SNC results in an excess release of dopamine in the caudateputamen which interferes with neurochemical and neurophysiological events in this structure which are important substrates for long-term memory.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1994

Intrahippocampal, but not intra-amygdala, infusion of an inhibitor of heme oxygenase causes retrograde amnesia in the rat.

Zinc protoporhyrin-9 (ZnPP) is an inhibitor of heme oxygenase, the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carbon monoxide (CO). CO regulates the activity of glutamatergic synapses and has been proposed to play a role in the early phases of long-term potentiation. The present paper reports on the effect of ZnPP on memory of inhibitory avoidance and of habituation to a novel environment. The bilateral infusion of ZnPP (2 micrograms/side) into the dorsal hippocampus caused amnesia for the inhibitory avoidance task when given before training or 0 or 30 min, but not 60 or 100 min, after training. The immediate post-training intrahippocampal infusion of ZnPP also caused amnesia for the habituation task. The immediate post-training intra-amygdala infusion of ZnPP had no effect on retention of the avoidance task. The data are consistent with the hypotheses that memory involves long-term potentiation initiated at the time of training in the hippocampus, and that hippocampal but not amygdala long-term potentiation may be regulated by CO.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMed1990

Retrograde amnesia produced by intrastriatal atropine and its reversal by choline.

A number of studies have shown that cholinergic blockade of the striatum produces amnesia. In the present experiment it was predicted that by increasing the synthesis of striatal acetylcholine such amnesic state would be prevented. Atropine was injected into the striatum of rats before training of passive avoidance; some of these rats were also injected, intrastriatally, with choline before testing the retention of the task. Atropine alone produced amnesia while the combination of treatments reversed this effect.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Retrograde amnesia following unilateral temporal lobectomy.

Remote memory performance was assessed in a carefully matched sample of temporal lobectomy subjects and normal controls. Left temporal lobectomy subjects exhibited a consistent pattern of remote memory disturbance. Right temporal lobectomy subjects performed at the same level as normal controls. The pattern of impairment observed in left temporal lobectomy subjects was characterized by deficits in recall of chronological information from the past decade and extended to deficits in recall in some aspects of factual knowledge. The disorder could not be attributed solely to language deficits and was at least as severe as accompanying deficits in recent memory. These findings suggest that the left medial temporal region may play a significant role in recall of remote information in addition to its role in recent memory functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nonmonotonic age changes in susceptibility to hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia in rats.

The effects of post-training and/or pretesting body cooling on retention of Pavlovian discriminated fear conditioning were examined in preweanling (16-day) and weanling (23-day) rats. Twenty-four retention was assessed in 16- and 23-day-old rats receiving hypothermia after training, after training and prior to testing, or at neither time. Amnesia was present in the preweanling but not weanling rats. Recovery from amnesia was not observed in the preweanling rats followed a second cooling treatment. Control groups indicated the differential amnesia was not the result of differences in 24 hr baseline retention, depth of hypothermia cooling, rate of recovery from hypothermia treatment, or body temperature immediately post-testing. The results are discussed with respect to current views of infantile amnesia and the growing evidence for similar nonmonotonic functions during ontogeny.

Age Factors↗