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PubMed2006

The effect of long term combined yoga practice on the basal metabolic rate of healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Different procedures practiced in yoga have stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the basal metabolic rate when studied acutely. In daily life however, these procedures are usually practiced in combination. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the net change in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of individuals actively engaging in a combination of yoga practices (asana or yogic postures, meditation and pranayama or breathing exercises) for a minimum period of six months, at a residential yoga education and research center at Bangalore. METHODS: The measured BMR of individuals practicing yoga through a combination of practices was compared with that of control subjects who did not practice yoga but led similar lifestyles. RESULTS: The BMR of the yoga practitioners was significantly lower than that of the non-yoga group, and was lower by about 13 % when adjusted for body weight (P < 0.001). This difference persisted when the groups were stratified by gender; however, the difference in BMR adjusted for body weight was greater in women than men (about 8 and 18% respectively). In addition, the mean BMR of the yoga group was significantly lower than their predicted values, while the mean BMR of non-yoga group was comparable with their predicted values derived from 1985 WHO/FAO/UNU predictive equations. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there is a significantly reduced BMR, probably linked to reduced arousal, with the long term practice of yoga using a combination of stimulatory and inhibitory yogic practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Relation of habitual exercise to basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure during exercise in older people].

The relation between habitual exercise and the basal metabolic rate, energy expenditure during exercise (lactic threshold and maximal oxygen uptake) was examined in 291 older people. Metabolic rate was highest in old players of gatebowl (a form of croquet) (male; 23.3 +/- 2.3, female; 22.7 +/- 3.0 kcal/kg/day), higher in old untrained people (male; 21.9 +/- 2.5, female; 20.8 +/- 2.4 kcal/kg/day), and lower in old people in a home for the aged (male; 20.6 +/- 3.5, female; 20.8 +/- 3.7 kcal/kg/day). Energy expenditure while walking at a speed of less than 100 m/min was similar in trained and untrained old people aged 60-69 years. However, lactic threshold was higher in trained (30.2 +/- 4.8 ml/kg/min) than in untrained (20.9 +/- 2.8 ml/kg/min) females aged 60-69 years. Maximal oxygen uptake was higher in trained (male; 50.4 +/- 4.1, female; 36.6 +/- 3.9) than in untrained (male; 30.9 +/- 3.7, female; 26.8 +/- 2.8) old people aged 60-69 years. It was suggested that a higher basal metabolic rate, lactic threshold and maximal oxygen uptake resulted in higher daily physical activity and larger daily energy consumption in trained old people.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Basal metabolic temperature vs. laboratory assessment in "posttraumatic hypothyroidism".

OBJECTIVES: To compare standard laboratory analytical methods with measurement of basal metabolic temperature in cases of hypothyroidism arising posttraumatically. SETTING: Private medical office. SUBJECTS: One hundred and one consecutive status post-whiplash trauma patients. DESIGN: All subjects were evaluated with standard laboratory tests (T3RU, T4, FT4I, TSH) for thyroid function. Ninety-four were also evaluated with the newer fluorescence-activated microsphere assay test (FAMA) and basal metabolic temperature (BMT) was measured in all. Correlations were investigated between BMT, age, gender, standard laboratory values and the FAMA test. The differences between low and high BMT vs. normal and abnormal standard laboratory values and the differences between normal and abnormal standard laboratory values vs. normal and elevated FAMA test results were also investigated. RESULTS: In 86.4%, the BMTs were below normal. Of this subgroup, 30% had abnormal standard laboratory values. Of the 13% whose BMT was within the normal range, 33% had abnormal standard laboratory values and 66% had increased FAMA titers. Statistically significant correlation was found between BMT and T3RU (p = .05), whereas the correlation between BMT and T4 was somewhat weaker (p = .07). Correlations between BMT and all other laboratory indices failed to reach significance. The laboratory abnormalities observed in this group of subjects were atypical for common types of hypothyroidism. A significant portion of our posttraumatic hypothyroid group (30%) were not identified with either standard laboratory tests or the FAMA test-a group we referred to as lab-normal. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of BMT seems to be a sensitive screening test, in combination with laboratory analysis, for the hypothyroidism seen after whiplash trauma. Whiplash seems to result in a form of hypothyroidism suggesting direct injury to central tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Cardiac basal metabolism.

We endeavor to show that the metabolism of the nonbeating heart can vary over an extreme range: from values approximating those measured in the beating heart to values of only a small fraction of normal--perhaps mimicking the situation of nonflow arrest during cardiac bypass surgery. We discuss some of the technical issues that make it difficult to establish the magnitude of basal metabolism in vivo. We consider some of the likely contributors to its magnitude and point out that the biochemical reasons for a sizable fraction of the heart's basal ATP usage remain unresolved. We consider many of the physiological factors that can alter the basal metabolic rate, stressing the importance of substrate supply. We point out that the protective effect of hypothermia may be less than is commonly assumed in the literature and suggest that hypoxia and ischemia may be able to regulate basal metabolic rate, thus making an important contribution to the phenomenon of cardiac hibernation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Basal metabolic rate, body composition and whole-body protein turnover in Indian men with differing nutritional status.

1. Three groups of adult men were studied in Bangalore, India: two groups were controls who had been receiving an adequate diet. Of these, one group, designated 'normal weight controls', had a mean body mass index of 22; the other group, 'underweight controls', had a mean body mass index of 16.7. The third group consisted of poor labourers, whose daily food intake had been less than 10 MJ and whose mean body mass index was 16.6. Previous studies had shown that such men had a lower basal metabolic rate than well-nourished Indian control subjects. 2. The object of the present study was to find out whether a reduced rate of protein turnover, measured after a single dose of [15N]glycine, contributed to a lower basal metabolic rate. It was found, however, that after adjusting for body weight and fat-free mass by analysis of co-variance there was no significant difference in basal metabolic rate between the three groups. Adjusted rates of protein synthesis were higher in the underweight controls and the undernourished labourers than in the normal weight controls, but not significantly so. 3. Estimates based on creatinine excretion showed that within the fat-free mass the underweight groups had a higher proportion of non-muscle to muscle mass. This may explain the somewhat higher rates of protein turnover in these groups. 4. Nitrogen flux (Q) was determined from 15N abundance in two end products, urea (QU) and ammonia (QA). In the underweight and undernourished groups the ratio QU/QA was increased compared with the normal weight group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2001

An evaluation of energy intakes and the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate (EI/BMRest) in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To examine energy intakes (EI), their ratio to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR(est) and the contribution of food groups to energy intake in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey. DESIGN AND SETTING: Random sample of adults from the populations of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Food intake data were collected using a 7-day food diary. Body weight and height were measured and EI/BMR(est) was calculated from reported energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate. Dieting practices were assessed as part of a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean energy intake in men was 11.0 MJ and in women was 7.6 MJ, which is comparable to reported energy intakes in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland over a decade ago. Mean EI/BMR(est) was 1.38. This increased to 1.42 after the exclusion of dieters and those who were unwell, but still remained less than the established cut-off of 1.53. EI/BMR(est) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in men than in women and decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing BMI in both sexes. The four food groups that contributed 50% of energy in men and women were meat and meat products, breads and rolls, potatoes and potato products, and biscuits, cakes, pastries and puddings. CONCLUSIONS: Energy intakes have not changed remarkably in Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland in the last 10 years, but the mean EI/BMR(est) of 1.38 suggests that energy underreporting occurred. EI/BMR(est) was lower in women and in the overweight/obese. Additional multivariate analysis of the data is needed to identify more clearly subgroups of the population reporting lower than expected energy intakes and to evaluate the effect of low energy reporting on the consumption of various foods and food groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sample size and mass range effects on the allometric exponent of basal metabolic rate.

The controversial relationship between body mass and basal metabolic rate in animals revolves around two questions: what is the allometric scaling exponent and what is the functional basis for it? For mammals, the first question could be resolved if measurements from all 4600 extant species were available, but this study shows that data for only 150 species, spanning three to four orders of magnitude variation in body mass, are sufficient to accurately determine the exponent. Because the currently available data set includes about 600 species that vary over five orders of magnitude in body size, further increases in sample size are unlikely to change the estimate of the scaling exponent.

Animals↗
PubMed1957

[Basal metabolism].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1995

Effect of sustained resistance training on basal metabolic rate in older women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if basal metabolic rate (BMR) could be elevated in older women undertaking a program of progressive resistance exercise of up to 52-weeks duration. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with subjects assigned to either a control (CO), high-intensity (HI), or low-intensity (LO) training group for 15 weeks. BMR, body composition, energy intake and expenditure, and muscle strength were assessed at baseline and after 15 weeks. Subjects were encouraged to continue in their assigned exercise group for an additional 37 weeks, after which time they were reevaluated. SETTING: An exercise facility at a medical center. SUBJECTS: Thirty-six community-dwelling healthy women aged 65 to 79 years. INTERVENTION: Exercise groups performed three sets of 10 exercises, 3 days/week, at either 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) for seven repetitions (HI) or 40% of 1-RM for 14 repetitions (LO). MEASURES: BMR by indirect calorimetry, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, energy intake and expenditure from 4-day dietary and activity records, and dynamic muscle strength by 1-RM. RESULTS: Muscle strength increased, on average (+/- SEM), by 40 +/- 6% and 36 +/- 7% in the HI and LO groups after 15 weeks, respectively, compared with 4 +/- 1% in the nonexercising subjects (P = .0001). Fat mass decreased after 15 weeks in LO exercisers by 1.0 kg (P < .05), whereas there was a trend for fat-free mass (FFM) to increase in the HI group by 0.7 kg (P = .08). No change occurred in any group for BMR. From weeks 15 to 52, muscle strength increased a further 9 +/- 2% and 11 +/- 2% in HI and LO groups, respectively, compared with 3 +/- 1% in nonexercisers (P < .005). There was no change in BMR or any body composition parameter during this time period. CONCLUSIONS: Neither training program significantly altered BMR and both produced only minimal changes in body composition. However, both the HI and LO exercise regimens resulted in similar and substantial gains in upper and lower body muscle strength that persisted over the course of the year. This suggests that either exercise regimen may prove an effective strategy for preventing frailty and maintaining functional independence in older adults.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of music on the minute oxygen consumption and basal metabolic rate.

The authors studied the effect of soothing and exciting music on the respiratory function in man, and particularly on minute oxygen consumption and basal metabolic rate. The investigations were carried out on 30 patients and the obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis. Soothing music decreased minute ventilation, minute oxygen consumption and basal metabolic rate, while exciting music slightly increased these parameters.

Adult↗